The paper analyses Gender Equality, Gender Equity and policies of combating inequality at workplace to make the society equal as a case study of Sweden. The aim of paper is see the gender equality, gender equity, discrimination against women at workplace and to describe the policies combating inequality in the welfare state of Sweden. This work highlights the gender equality in terms of institutionalizing gender equality, gender equity, gender and pay gap, parental leave, gender and the pension system and sexual behavior directed towards women and policies combating inequality to bring equality in society. For my research I used the secondary data the fact sheets, scientific literature, statistics from eurostate of Sweden and case studies about Swedish society and the theoretical explanation to explain the phenomena. To achieve my aim I used the combination of both qualitative and quantitative methods of research. I showed the empirical evidences of these phenomena from the Swedish society and theoretical analysis about equality and equity of gender in different wakes of life. I found an interesting conclusion that there are good policies and legislation to combat inequality to bring society but there are no policies to change the perception of society about male and female role.

Abstract This study used policy argument analysis method to analyze pension policy development in Taiwan, Hong Kong and Singapore, based on the perspective of simple democratic model to discuss the influence of democratization¡¦s influence on East-Asia social welfare policy. The conclusion of this study shows that global economic competition help to promote the pension systems that encourage workfare. The research result also meets to those former researches conclusions of East Asian Productivtist Welfare Regime. In the other hand, due to highly politic at party competition and vivid development of civil society, however, governments of Taiwan and Singapore have compromised to consolidate and increase their pension policies. Conversely, Hong Kong, due to politics-led government, there was the most unequal distributing condition in its pension policy. In the cases of Taiwan, Hong Kong and Singapore, we have found the influence of democratic development on welfare policy in a globalization era is meaningful. According to the conclusion of this research, democratic development should be define as a key factor of welfare regime typology in East Asia, to differentiate divergent types of states of East Asian productivitist regime. And two key points of democratization¡¦s influence in East Asia should be noticed: 1. Legal freedom of expression and publication can make social welfare issues to be disputatious in the civil society. 2. Party competition will lead social security plans to be realized, because of the desires of politicians to win votes. Keywords: simple democratic model, pension system, provident fund, East-Asia welfare regime.

In Republic of China, Labor Pension Act (to be called the New Mechanism for short in the following) was officially carried out in July 1, 2005. Being different from the Labor Standards Act (to be called the Old Mechanism for short in the following), the biggest feature of the new mechanism is that the retirement fund is portable. However, with the new mechanism , people are guaranteed to receive the retirement fund while they will get more money if they choose the old mechanism . Therefore, the problem of how to choose the suitable mechanism for the employees who were hired before July 1, 2005 has been discussed. Generally, if the employee doesn¡¦t have the intention to change his job, and has more confidence to his company, he should choose the old mechanism . On the contrary, he should choose the new mechanism . Thus, whether the employee chooses the new or old mechanism seems to become the important reference for the employer to test the employee¡¦s royalty and confidence toward the company. Someone even predicted that the implementation of the new mechanism would symbolize the coming of job changing boom. This report is based on the actual research of enterprises, and tries to understand and investigate the connection between employees and job stress, job satisfaction, and organization commitment. Moreover, based on the unstable character of individual, this report is trying to prove and understand if there is an obvious difference between the influence of job stress, job satisfaction, organization commitment, and the willing of changing job to make the employees choose the old or new mechanism . This is to provide the reference for enterprises to make plans for the human resources. Through this research, I found out the following in certain cases: 1. There is an obvious connection among the employees¡¦ job stress, job satisfaction, and organization commitment. 2. Job satisfaction and organization commitment have obvious influence to one¡¦s willing to change jobs. 3. The employees who change their mind to choose either the new policy or the old policy have obvious difference to the influence of job satisfaction, organization commitment, the willing of changing jobs, etc

In the past, when deciding the asset allocation, fund managers only concerned the factors of assets. This incomplete way may let pension funds not cover their liabilities. To solve this problem we integrate the factors which influence fund¡¦s assets and liabilities and focus on surplus, which means assets minus liabilities. We use Surplus Optimization Model and Immunization Theory to construct our Liability Driven Investment and Dual Duration Matching Model. We decompose duration to real interest rate duration and inflation rate duration to control the sources of interest rate. Through this method, we can enhance the efficiency of asset allocation to ensure paying pension annuity punctually and avoid the risk of interest rate. Our sample period is Sept. 2001 to Aug. 2005 and sampling frequency is monthly. We use the common investment tools, stocks index, government bond index, 5 years corporate bonds, 3 years bank deposit, 30 days commercial papers, to be the assets we can allocate. We discover that when using liability driven investment and duration matching the longer years we consider the longer assets duration we need. Because government bond index¡¦s duration is shorter than stocks index¡¦s. When we consider longer years the weight of government bond index will decrease and the weight of stocks index will increase. When considered years are 50, the weight of government bond index is 54.74% and the weight of stocks index is 45.26%. The ratio of equity assets to fixed income assets is 84.51% that is similar with pension fund¡¦s ratio, 86.13%. No matter how many years we consider, the weight of bonds is high. But in pension funds¡¦ target allocation the weight of bonds is only 16% and the weights of bank deposit and T-bills are 31%. To take immunization strategy and improve the long term revenue, a large proportion should be allocated from bank deposit and T-bills to bonds.

This study aims to analyze the istanbul Hilton, the izmir Grand Efes and the Grand Ankara Hotels, which are owned by the Pension Fund, during the 1950-1980 period that witnessed the formation process of modern tourism and tourism architecture in Turkey. As the first five-star hotels of their cities, these buildings provide the possibility of tracing the social transformation processes at the second half of the 20th century beyond their architectural properties that reflect and affect the zeitgeist of the period. In this manner, besides the architectural formation of the buildings, this thesis also aims to examine the participation of the hotels in social life and the relations of architecture with the changing city life and tourism. Moreover, this thesis offers historical perspectives about tourism architecture, about which adequate researches have not been provided yet. Chronologically, the first chapter formulates a general introduction. The second chapter issues the 1950s&amp / #8217 / Turkey and the istanbul Hilton Hotel. The third chapter issues the 1960s&amp / #8217 / Turkey and the izmir Efes Hotel and the Grand Ankara Hotels. The fourth chapter examines the critique of tourism that developed in the 1970s&amp / #8217 / social and political medium, and the last chapter is a general conclusion

The aim of the thesis is to analyze the transformation of the Turkish welfare regime in the framework of the social security reforms and the effect of the individual pension system on both this transformation and women&rsquo / s welfare considering the gender gap in retirement. While there is a growing literature on Turkey&rsquo / s social security reform, there are only few studies on the gender dimension of social security and the gender effects of the reform. This study aims to contribute to this literature by examining the gender gap in recently introduced individual pension system (2003) in Turkey from a sociological perspective. The literature review focuses mainly on Esping-Andersen&rsquo / s welfare regime typology and its critics to categorize the current welfare regime of Turkey. The Southern European welfare regimes are examined particularly to construct a theoretical framework for the Turkish welfare regime and its transformation. Furthermore, the literature on gender inequality and social security is examined to discuss the gender gap in private pension systems. This thesis based upon some statistical and actuarial analyses to explore the gender gap. By using &lsquo / actual data&rsquo / the effects of some sociodemographic and socio-economic factors on the participation and the contribution rate to the individual pension system are examined. Besides, gender gap in benefits that arise from the defined contribution schemes in a serious of projection using a stochastic actuarial model is analyzed. The study is supported by the interviews made with three experts and decision makers about these issues.

The new labor pension act effective on July 1. 2005 effective, all brings not the impact to the employer and the laborer, the employer for the consideration enterprise profit, to salary policy, and motivation system whether can remind along with the retirement pension, makes the significant change. In addition, according to is connected the domestic and foreign research demonstration, the work degree of satisfaction with leaves job the wish to have obviously is being connected, has drawn back the new labor pension act made rule since June 2004 male Browe, brings the impact to the enterprise is: The staff loyalty drops, leaves job the tide and the rate of flow increases, outside the work a package of increase and so on.After the employer has taken these measures, the relative staff is unable to the present work to meet its need, therefore this research attempts to understand after the fatigue draws back the newly made official implementation, the staff regarding the salary fair cognition, drive system satisfaction, work satisfaction with leaves job influence the tendency. The research variable material obtains picks the provide questionnaire way, altogether sends out 500 questionnaire, the reflex winding effective sample number is 339, the effective reflex winding rate is 67.8%, after recycling effective questionnaire by SPSS statistical analysis way, picks ways and so on descriptive statistics analysis , correlation analysis, T-Test, one way anova, linear regression, makes variable research each construction surface the statistical analysis, discusses result of the research. The results of the study were as below: 1.The different variable staff, it to the influence of employee intent to resignation in compensation justice, Satisfaction in the motivation, And job satisfaction to have the significance difference personally. 2.The compensation justice, to satisfaction in the motivation, intent to resignation to have the significance difference. 3.The satisfaction in the motivation, intent to resignation to have the significance difference. 4.The job satisfaction, to variable with intent to resignation to have the intermediary influence personally. 5.The job satisfaction, with intent to resignation to the compensation justice to have the intermediary influence. 6.The job satisfaction, to satisfaction in the motivation with intent to resignation to have the intermediary influence. 7.The different variable staff, the compensation justice, satisfaction in the motivation, the job satisfaction to intent to resignation to have the significance influence.

This study examined the determinants of public pension fund performance through the lens of agency theory. The study sought to answer the following questions: (1) How much of the fluctuation in the performance of pension plans is due to political interference - either directly from decisions made by legislatures or through the governance structure of the pension boards, after controlling for asset allocation, plan size, and other external factors? (2) Do pension board expertise, education and training, and information disclosure requirements improve the performance of pension plans? (3) Do pension trustees strategically determine the actuarial rate of return (discount rate) in order to reduce contributions in times of fiscal stress for the pension sponsor? Using longitudinal data of pension fund performance over the period 2000 to 2009 and instrumental variables methods to address endogeneity issues, the study found partial support for the agency theory hypotheses. The results indicate that political interference through reduced contributions was the main factor explaining pension performance. There was no direct evidence about the negative impact of politically appointed trustees on pension performance. The impact of these findings for current policy and future research are discussed.

Universiẗat der Bundeswehr, Diss--München, 2008. / Literaturverz. S. [373] - 385.

Uppsatsen handlar om den lokala föreningen i Västerås av SPRF, Sveriges Pensionärers Riksförbund. En utblick görs till det socialpolitiska förvärvet från tidigmodern tid. Under femtiotalet fanns en social och ekonomisk gemenskap. Den har genom Socialförsäkringsbalken 2010 förbytts i individualism när pensionen direkt och entydigt tillhandahålls av staten. / How Sweden's elderly fared after the war. Focus is on public officials in Västerås, a provincial capital one hour's drive west of Stockholm. Arriving from the collective spirit of the fifties, the individual can no longer elicit any economic incentive from any entity positioned between him and the state.