This dissertation analyses the history of the politics of pollution and petroleum refining in South Africa during the first decade of Apartheid, focusing on the country's first two oil refineries, both of which were built by multinational oil companies in Durban in the 1950s and 60s. It traces the origins of the development of environmental regulation in relation to oil refinery pollution. The dissertation outlines the development of a sense of disillusionment caused by the persistence of pollution problems associated with petroleum refining in the face of failed attempts at technological and expert interventions. The study identifies the existence of a civic culture amongst Bluff residents founded on ratepayer and landowner identities, through which they were able to exercise considerable purchase on the local State. Ultimately, the story of how two petroleum refineries ended up in the midst of residential communities in south Durban's represents a reiteration of the importance of race to the development of local urban landscapes during Apartheid. / Thesis (M.A.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2004

Using a simple linear regression model for estimation could give misleading results about the relationship between Yt, and Xt, . Possible problems involve (1) feedback from the output series to the inputs, (2) omitted time-lagged input terms, (3) an auto correlated disturbance series and, (4) common autocorrelation patterns shared by Y and X that can produce spurious correlations. The primary aim of this study was therefore to use the Box-Jenkins Transfer Function analysis to fit a model that related petroleum consumption to disposable income> The final Transfer Function Model z1t=)C(1-w1 B)/((1-δ1 B) B^5 Z(t^((x) +(1-θ1 B)at significantly described the data. Forecasts generated from this model show that petroleum consumption will hit a record of up to 4.8636 in 2014 if disposable income is augmented. There is 95% confidence that the forecasted value of petroleum consumption will lie between 4.5276 and 5.1997 in 2014. / Thesis (M. Com. (Statistics) North-West University, Mafikeng Campus, 2005

In the West African country Ghana, which has a history of poor natural resource management, discovery of offshore petroleum resources in 2007 and subsequent commercial production in 2010 (with British multinational Tullow Oil as lead operator) is a potential source of potential wealth and inequality. Using the Cultural Theory of Risk, Social Amplification of Risk Framework, and the Corporate Sustainability Framework — a proposed model—as theoretical foundations, this dissertation examines corporate sustainability practices, communication, and their implications for local residents’ risk perceptions, corporate reputation, and risk management. The study also assesses how cultural worldviews and informational networks (e.g., an environmental group, opinion leaders, and media) amplify or attenuate residents’ risks perceptions. Data were collected via interviews with key actors including a non-governmental organization (NGO), a survey of a representative sample of Half Assini residents in one of the six coastal districts that adjoin Ghana’s offshore petroleum region, and analyses of Tullow’s corporate social responsibility (CSR) reports and other communication texts. Extant worldview and corporate reputation measures were also developed/adapted and tested. The study finds support for the view that cultural worldview and affect are associated with public risk perceptions. Thus, individuals who (a) do not subscribe to the worldview that government ought to regulate corporate behaviors, (b) show a relatively high sense of attachment to their communities, (c) rate the images associated with Ghana’s offshore oil production favorably, and (d) rate the images associated with Tullow Oil positively are more likely to be worried that Ghana’s offshore oil production poses significant risks for the country and their local communities. Regarding corporate sustainability communication, the study observes that Tullow uses a predominantly technical, expert-driven approach, which seeks to discursively position it as an aspirational, engaged, and responsible organization. While critiquing Tullow’s corporate sustainability and communication approach, the research also argues that corporate sustainability (CSR and risk) communication has the potential to constitute desirable corporate practices and could ultimately culminate in meaningful social change. Theoretical contributions to risk perception, risk management/communication, corporate reputation, and CSR communication are discussed. Practical implications for advocacy, corporate practices, and public participation in environmental decision-making are discussed.

Orientador: Tullo Vigevani / Banca: Gilmar Masiero / Banca: Marcos Cordeiro Pires / O Programa de Pós-Graduação em Relações Internacionais é instituído em parceria com a Unesp/Unicamp/PUC-SP, em projeto subsidiado pela CAPES, intitulado "Programa San Tiago Dantas" / Resumo: Desde a viagem do então presidente chinês Hu Jintao ao Brasil, em 2004, o comércio bilateral sino-brasileiro caracterizou-se por uma taxa de crescimento acentuada. No que se refere ao petróleo, as condições de crescimento que devem surgir na indústria brasileira de petróleo nos próximos anos e o elevado grau de importância que a China atribui a sua segurança energética contribuem para que os dois países atuem em conjunto também na área de energia. Neste contexto, torna-se muito importante e significativo avaliar oportunidades e desafios de cooperação entre Brasil e China no setor energético, especialmente o petróleo, no decorrer dos próximos anos. O texto discute três questões principais: 1) como está a relação bilateral entre Brasil e China? O que conquistamos no passado e quais são os problemas que prejudicam esta relação?; 2) como são as estratégias energéticas da China e do Brasil e quais são os principais interesses no campo energético dos dois países?; e 3) como estão as cooperações sino-brasileira na área de petróleo e quais os interesses chineses no campo de petróleo brasileiro? / Abstract: Since Chinese president Hu Jintao visited Brazil, in 2004, bilateral trade between China and Brazil grew up fast. Regarding the oil industry, the Brazilian oil industry should increase in the following years. Since China addresses a huge importance to its energy safety, this should contribute to both countries to work together. In this context, it becomes really important to evaluate opportunities and challenges in Brazilian-Chinese cooperation regarding energy, especially oil, during the following years. The text focuses on three main issues: first, how it is the bilateral relationship between Brazil and China? What was accomplished in the past and what are the problems that influenced this relationship? Second, how are Chinese and Brazilian energy strategies and what are the main interests from both countries in the energy field? Third, how it is the Chinese-Brazilian cooperation in the oil sector, and what are the Chinese interests in the Brazilian oil field? / Mestre

Made available in DSpace on 2016-02-05T18:29:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2015-08-03. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2016-02-05T18:33:06Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000857486.pdf: 1178541 bytes, checksum: ee7fe0826f3aaaba2b0ae3bf9ba42c9d (MD5) / Desde a viagem do então presidente chinês Hu Jintao ao Brasil, em 2004, o comércio bilateral sino-brasileiro caracterizou-se por uma taxa de crescimento acentuada. No que se refere ao petróleo, as condições de crescimento que devem surgir na indústria brasileira de petróleo nos próximos anos e o elevado grau de importância que a China atribui a sua segurança energética contribuem para que os dois países atuem em conjunto também na área de energia. Neste contexto, torna-se muito importante e significativo avaliar oportunidades e desafios de cooperação entre Brasil e China no setor energético, especialmente o petróleo, no decorrer dos próximos anos. O texto discute três questões principais: 1) como está a relação bilateral entre Brasil e China? O que conquistamos no passado e quais são os problemas que prejudicam esta relação?; 2) como são as estratégias energéticas da China e do Brasil e quais são os principais interesses no campo energético dos dois países?; e 3) como estão as cooperações sino-brasileira na área de petróleo e quais os interesses chineses no campo de petróleo brasileiro? / Since Chinese president Hu Jintao visited Brazil, in 2004, bilateral trade between China and Brazil grew up fast. Regarding the oil industry, the Brazilian oil industry should increase in the following years. Since China addresses a huge importance to its energy safety, this should contribute to both countries to work together. In this context, it becomes really important to evaluate opportunities and challenges in Brazilian-Chinese cooperation regarding energy, especially oil, during the following years. The text focuses on three main issues: first, how it is the bilateral relationship between Brazil and China? What was accomplished in the past and what are the problems that influenced this relationship? Second, how are Chinese and Brazilian energy strategies and what are the main interests from both countries in the energy field? Third, how it is the Chinese-Brazilian cooperation in the oil sector, and what are the Chinese interests in the Brazilian oil field?

Agência Nacional de Petróleo; FINEP; REPSOL / Atualmente, entre os grandes desafios na indústria petrolífera estão os hidratos. Hidratos, também conhecidos como clatratos, são estruturas cristalinas formadas por água ligada por pontes de hidrogênio e estabilizadas por uma molécula hóspede. Hidratos estão presentes na natureza e podem se formar em alguns processos industriais, criando obstáculos e impondo desafios na área de garantia de escoamento. Em tubulações de petróleo, hidratos além de representar riscos, dificultam o escoamento, ocasionando paradas e prejuízos. Ainda não existe um modo de monitoramento da formação de hidrato na indústria. Entre as técnicas de instrumentação propostas para isso se destaca a de ultrassom. Esta possui características desejáveis para a indústria como robustez, baixo custo de implantação, fácil manutenção, operação em tempo real e não intrusiva. O presente trabalho tem por objetivo identificar o processo de formação de hidrato utilizando a técnica de ultrassom, desde seus primeiros estágios, a fim de evitar bloqueios e paradas em tubulações. O estudo foi realizado utilizando duas bancadas experimentais, uma para formação estática de hidratos e outra que possibilitava agitação e portanto formação em condições mais próximas da realidade. Os recipientes foram resfriados com auxílio de um banho termostático, nos quais o hidrato foi formado e analisado através do ultrassom por diferentes métodos. O THF (tetrahidrofurano) foi escolhido como molécula hóspede por se formar em condições mais amenas de temperatura e pressão e ter estrutura similar à do hidrato formado pelo gás natural, presente nas tubulações de petróleo. A aquisição do sinal do ultrassom foi feita ao longo do processo de formação do hidrato. Os resultados experimentais mostraram mudanças nas ondas ultrassônicas e nas propriedades acústicas dessas, possibilitando a detecção da presença e formação da estrutura. Pela velocidade acústica foi possível caracterizar a propriedade de crescimento real do hidrato. / Currently, among the biggest challenges in oil industry are the hydrates. Hydrates, also known as clathrates, are crystalline structures formed by water connected by hydrogen bonds that are stabilized by a guest molecule. Hydrates are present in nature and they can be formed in some industrial processes, creating obstacles and imposing challenges in the flow assurance area. In oil pipelines, hydrates represent risk and cause difficulties, which may even prevent the flow, causing downtime and losses. There is no technique for monitoring the hydrate formation in industry. Among the instrumentation techniques being proposed one of the most promising is the ultrasound. It has desirable characteristics to the oil industry such as robustness, low cost deployment, easy maintenance, real time operation and non intrusiveness. The main purpose of this dissertation is to identify hydrate formation process, from its early stages, in order to avoid pipe blockages and unnecessary stops of the production. This study was conducted using two test benches, one for static formation and one that provides agitation approaching to real condition of hydrates formation. The benches were cooled with a thermostatic bath, in which hydrate was formed and analyzed using ultrasound by different methods. THF (tetrahydrofuran) was chosen as guest molecule, because it forms hydrates under mild conditions of temperature and pressure, and provides similar structure to hydrates formed by natural gas, present in oil pipelines. Ultrasound signal acquisitions were made during the hydrate formation. The experimental results show changes in the ultrasonic waves and in the acoustic properties, thus enabling to detect the presence and formation of the structure. Using acoustic velocity it was possible to determine hydrates properties such as hydrate growth.

Agência Nacional de Petróleo; FINEP; REPSOL / Atualmente, entre os grandes desafios na indústria petrolífera estão os hidratos. Hidratos, também conhecidos como clatratos, são estruturas cristalinas formadas por água ligada por pontes de hidrogênio e estabilizadas por uma molécula hóspede. Hidratos estão presentes na natureza e podem se formar em alguns processos industriais, criando obstáculos e impondo desafios na área de garantia de escoamento. Em tubulações de petróleo, hidratos além de representar riscos, dificultam o escoamento, ocasionando paradas e prejuízos. Ainda não existe um modo de monitoramento da formação de hidrato na indústria. Entre as técnicas de instrumentação propostas para isso se destaca a de ultrassom. Esta possui características desejáveis para a indústria como robustez, baixo custo de implantação, fácil manutenção, operação em tempo real e não intrusiva. O presente trabalho tem por objetivo identificar o processo de formação de hidrato utilizando a técnica de ultrassom, desde seus primeiros estágios, a fim de evitar bloqueios e paradas em tubulações. O estudo foi realizado utilizando duas bancadas experimentais, uma para formação estática de hidratos e outra que possibilitava agitação e portanto formação em condições mais próximas da realidade. Os recipientes foram resfriados com auxílio de um banho termostático, nos quais o hidrato foi formado e analisado através do ultrassom por diferentes métodos. O THF (tetrahidrofurano) foi escolhido como molécula hóspede por se formar em condições mais amenas de temperatura e pressão e ter estrutura similar à do hidrato formado pelo gás natural, presente nas tubulações de petróleo. A aquisição do sinal do ultrassom foi feita ao longo do processo de formação do hidrato. Os resultados experimentais mostraram mudanças nas ondas ultrassônicas e nas propriedades acústicas dessas, possibilitando a detecção da presença e formação da estrutura. Pela velocidade acústica foi possível caracterizar a propriedade de crescimento real do hidrato. / Currently, among the biggest challenges in oil industry are the hydrates. Hydrates, also known as clathrates, are crystalline structures formed by water connected by hydrogen bonds that are stabilized by a guest molecule. Hydrates are present in nature and they can be formed in some industrial processes, creating obstacles and imposing challenges in the flow assurance area. In oil pipelines, hydrates represent risk and cause difficulties, which may even prevent the flow, causing downtime and losses. There is no technique for monitoring the hydrate formation in industry. Among the instrumentation techniques being proposed one of the most promising is the ultrasound. It has desirable characteristics to the oil industry such as robustness, low cost deployment, easy maintenance, real time operation and non intrusiveness. The main purpose of this dissertation is to identify hydrate formation process, from its early stages, in order to avoid pipe blockages and unnecessary stops of the production. This study was conducted using two test benches, one for static formation and one that provides agitation approaching to real condition of hydrates formation. The benches were cooled with a thermostatic bath, in which hydrate was formed and analyzed using ultrasound by different methods. THF (tetrahydrofuran) was chosen as guest molecule, because it forms hydrates under mild conditions of temperature and pressure, and provides similar structure to hydrates formed by natural gas, present in oil pipelines. Ultrasound signal acquisitions were made during the hydrate formation. The experimental results show changes in the ultrasonic waves and in the acoustic properties, thus enabling to detect the presence and formation of the structure. Using acoustic velocity it was possible to determine hydrates properties such as hydrate growth.

This study analyses and investigates the impact of crude oil price vitality on unemployment in South Africa. This is done by firstly surveying theoretical and empirical literature on the crude oil price-unemployment relationship before relating it to South Africa. Secondly, crude oil and unemployment trends with their causes are overviewed. The study employs a Johansen co-integration technique based on VAR to model unemployment against crude oil prices, real effective exchange rate, real interest rates and real gross domestic product. Using quarterly data for the period 1990-2010, econometric results show that crude oil prices are positively related to unemployment in the long run while the opposite is true in the short run. Parameter estimates and variables are statistically significant; hence there are also policy recommendations which are related to both empirical and theoretical literature. Lastly, impulse response functions show that unemployment returns to equilibrium in the long run when crude oil price changes whereas real interest rates followed by crude oil prices explain most of unemployment changes compared to other variables in the long run.

This empirical study is concerned with the usefulness of proposed supplementary disclosures for oil and gas producers to financial analysts in valuing a company. It is concerned with what supplementary information is being used, to what extent it is being used and which type of information is used most. Three main research procedures are employed. In the first procedure, the Mann-Whitney U Test is applied to determine any significant difference between valuing an oil and gas producing company using basic financial statements and ratio data, and valuing the same company with this information plus the proposed disclosures. The second procedure involves applying the chi-square and Cramer's V statistics to determine whether the disclosure information caused switching in valuation method used for each of the cases. The third procedure tests for significant differences between financial ratios used for each case by employing the test of differences between two proportions. Additional evaluation attempts to determine analysts' perceived usefulness of each of the schedules of the proposed disclosures

No description available.