A search for quantum black holes with color charge decaying to one electron and one quark has been performed using data collected by the ATLAS Experiment at the Large Hadron Collider corresponding to 2.29 fb−1. No excess over the expected Standard Model interactions has been observed. Limits are set on the production cross section for events with one electron and one jet resulting from new physical phenomena. Models with a combined invariant mass of the electron and jet larger than or equal to 2.5TeV and a cross section above 2.6 fb are excluded at the 95% confidence level. This allows the exclusion of a significant part of the parameter space of quantum black hole models.

Submitted by Andrea Hayashi (deachan@gmail.com) on 2016-06-28T13:43:43Z No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao-jefferson-dos-santos-marcondes-leite.pdf: 492521 bytes, checksum: 278028abd222a64bfe011856ac5e9343 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Andrea Hayashi (deachan@gmail.com) on 2016-06-28T13:44:57Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao-jefferson-dos-santos-marcondes-leite.pdf: 492521 bytes, checksum: 278028abd222a64bfe011856ac5e9343 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-28T13:44:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao-jefferson-dos-santos-marcondes-leite.pdf: 492521 bytes, checksum: 278028abd222a64bfe011856ac5e9343 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-11-29 / O presente trabalho pretende explorar o universo ético do ceticismo pirrônico antigo de Sexto Empírico. Para tanto, investigamos o tema nos livros em que Sexto trabalha a questão da ética, a saber, Hipotiposes Pirrônicas, livros I e III, e Contra os Éticos. Sexto apresenta, no livro I das Hipotiposes, a concepção geral do ceticismo. Essa apresentação permite entender como o cético se relaciona com a ética, tanto do ponto de vista da sua reflexão sobre a ética dogmática, como da sua ação ética. Sobre este último ponto, Sexto rejeita as críticas feitas pelos filósofos dogmáticos com relação a impossibilidade da vida prática do cético, indicando qual seria o critério cético de ação. As outras duas obras desenvolvem a reflexão cética sobre a ética. Examinaremos se as duas obras estão de acordo com a apresentação feita no livro I das Hipotiposes, ressaltando a unidade e a autenticidade que o pensamento pirrônico de fato tem. Inicialmente, nos livros sobre ética, Sexto investiga, a respeito das filosofias dogmáticas de sua época, principalmente a dos estoicos, a natureza do bem, do mal e do indiferente, visto que os modelos éticos de sua época consistem numa reflexão sobre esses conceitos. Ao aplicar o seu método filosófico, a argumentação dos dois lados de uma questão, gerando a equipolência, Sexto conclui que a única solução possível para os temas éticos, tal como os dogmáticos a entendem, é suspender o juízo sobre se existe algo que seja o bem, o mal ou o indiferente por natureza. Em segundo lugar, Sexto mostra que toda arte de viver está fadada ao fracasso, visto que estão também vinculadas aos conceitos morais por natureza. Finalmente, voltaremos à questão prática, quando Sexto apresenta o modelo cético de guiar uma vida eticamente, tendo os fenômenos como o critério cético de ação. Desta forma, apresentaremos o pensamento ético pirrônico de Sexto Empírico, com seu estilo próprio e suas características inovadoras e sofisticadas. / This study aims to explore the ethical universe of ancient pyrrhonian scepticism of Sextus Empiricus. We therefore investigated the subject in books where Sextus works the question of ethics, namely Pyrrhonian Hypotyposes, books I and III, and Against the Ethical. Sextus presents, in Book I of Hypotyposes, the general conception of scepticism. This presentation allows to understand how the skeptic it relates to ethics, both from the point of view of its reflection on the ethics dogmatic as their ethical action. On this last point, Sextus rejects the criticisms made by dogmatic philosophers regarding the impossibility of practical life of the skeptic, indicating what would be the criterion for action skeptical. The other two works develop skeptical reflection on ethics. Examine whether the two works are consistent with the presentation of the book I Hypotyposes, emphasizing unity and authenticity that thought has indeed Pyrrhonian. Initially, the books on ethics, Sextus investigates about the dogmatic philosophies of his day, especially the Stoics, the nature of good, bad and indifferent, since the ethical models of his day consists of a reflection on these concepts. By applying his philosophical method, the arguments on both sides of an issue, generating equipollence, Sextus concludes that the only possible solution to the ethical issues, such as the dogmatic understand it, is to suspend judgment about whether there is something that the good, bad or indifferent in nature. Second, Sextus shows that all art of living is doomed to failure, as they are also linked to moral concepts in nature. Finally, back to the practical question, when Sextus presents the model skeptical of guide a life ethically, with phenomena such as skeptical criterion of action. Thus, we present the ethical thinking Pyrrhonian of Sextus Empiricus, with its own style and its innovative features and sophisticated / TEDE

The Same-Different task has a long and controversial history in cognitive psychology. For over five decades, researchers have had many difficulties modelling the simple task, in which participants must respond as quickly and as accurately as possible whether two stimuli are the “Same” or “Different”. The main difficulty in doing so stems from the fact that “Same” decisions are much faster than can be modelled using a single process model without resorting to post-hoc processes, a finding since coined the fast-same phenomenon. In this thesis, I evaluate the strengths and shortcomings of past modelling endeavours, deconstruct the fast-same phenomenon while exploring the role of priming as its possible mechanism, investigate coactivity as a possible architecture underlying both decision modalities, and present an accumulator model whose assumptions and parameters stem from these results that predicts Same-Different performance (both response times and accuracies) using a single-process, a finding deemed near impossible by Sternberg (1998).

Le présent travail de thèse met l'accent sur divers aspects de la distillation membranaire dans l'objectif de concevoir des procédés de dessalement proches du " zéro effluent liquide ". De manière générale, deux sujets sont discutés en détail: (i) la corrélation entre les caractéristiques de la membrane et les performances du procédé de distillation membranaire (ii) la compréhension et le contrôle de la polarisation thermique en DM. L'analyse de l'état de l'art en distillation membranaire porte notamment sur les progrès dans le développement des membranes, dans la compréhension des phénomènes de transport, les récents développements dans la conception des modules et le colmatage. Des phénomènes annexes et les applications innovantes sont également discutés dans la partie introductive de la thèse. L'effet des conditions de fabrication et de la composition des collodions sur les caractéristiques des membranes et la corrélation entre ces dernières et leurs performances a été discuté dans la section suivante. Il est établi que la morphologie de la membrane joue un rôle crucial dans ses performances pour des applications sur des fluides réels. En outre, on met en évidence que l'impact de la morphologie de la membrane est différente selon que la procédé fonctionne avec une phase liquide froide du côté distillat (Direct Contact Membrane Distillation - DCMD)) ou avec un courant d'air sec ou le vide (Air Gap ou Vacuum Membrane Distillation). Dans une deuxième partie, les aspects théoriques et expérimentaux de la polarisation thermique en distillation membranaire (DCMD) ont également été étudiés. Les phénomènes de polarisation thermique sur une membrane plane ont été étudiés en utilisant une cellule spécialement conçue. L'effet des conditions de fonctionnement et de la concentration de la solution sur la polarisation thermique a été étudié expérimentalement. Nous avons observé que l'augmentation de concentration de la solution favorise la polarisation thermique à cause d'une détérioration de l'hydrodynamique résultante à la surface de la membrane. Certaines techniques actives et passives pour réduire la polarisation thermique et le colmatage en distillation membranaire ont également été examinées dans l'étude cette étude. Nous avons montré que la polarisation thermique peut être considérablement réduite en générant des écoulements secondaires dans le fluide circulant à l'intérieur du canal d'alimentation, donc à l'intérieur de la fibre creuse si c'est cette configuration qui est retenue. Dans la présente étude, l'induction d'un écoulement secondaire a été réalisée en utilisant les fibres torsadées en hélice et une configuration ondulée. En raison de l'amélioration du niveau de polarisation thermique du côté de l'alimentation et du distillat, les géométries de fibres ondulées fournissent des flux et des taux de rendement supérieurs à ceux des autres configurations. La mise en œuvre d'un écoulement pulsé et intermittent pour contrôler la polarisation en distillation membranaire a également été examinée. Notre étude permet de conclure que ces types d'écoulements ont un impact positif sur les taux de rendement et le facteur d'amélioration volumique (gain en flux ramené par rapport à l'augmentation du volume de l'équipement) sans compromis sur le taux de remplissage des carters de fibres creuses. / The current PhD work emphasizes on various aspects of membrane distillation for approaching zero liquid discharge in seawater desalination. In broader sense, two themes have been discussed in detail: (i) correlation between membrane features and their performance in MD (ii) understanding and control of thermal polarization in MD. Introduction and state-of-the-art studies of MD including progress in membrane development, understanding the transport phenomenon, recent developments in module fabrication, fouling and related phenomenon and innovative applications have been discussed in introductory part of the thesis. The effect of operating conditions and dope compositions on membrane characteristics and correlation between membrane features and their performance has been discussed in subsequent section. It has been established that membrane morphology plays a crucial role in performance of the membrane for real applications. Furthermore, it has been demonstrated that the effect of membrane morphology is different for direct contact and vacuum configurations. Theoretical and experimental aspects of thermal polarization in direct contact membrane distillation have also been investigated. Thermal polarization phenomenon in a flat sheet membrane has been studied by using a specifically designed cell. The effect of operating conditions and solution concentration on thermal polarization has been explored experimentally. It has been observed that increased solution concentration favors the thermal polarization due to resulting poor hydrodynamic at the membrane surface and increase in diffusion resistance to the water vapors migrating from bulk feed phase to the membrane surface. Some active and passive techniques to decrease thermal polarization and possible fouling in membrane distillation have also been discussed in the current study. Thermal polarization can be greatly reduced by inducing secondary flows in the fluid flowing inside the fiber. The induction of secondary flows in the current study has been realized by using the fibers twisted in helical and wavy configurations. Due to improvement of thermal polarization coefficient on up and downstream, the undulating fiber geometries provide high flux and superior performance ratio. Application of intermittent and pulsatile flow to control thermal polarization in MD has also been discussed. It has been inferred that these flows have positive impact on performance ratio and volume based enhancement factors without compromising on packing density of the system. The application of MD for treatment of produced water has also been studied.

Submitted by BRUNO SATURNINO DE SOUZA null (br_saturnino@hotmail.com) on 2016-01-14T11:38:22Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação - Bruno Saturnino de Souza.pdf: 1024042 bytes, checksum: ec97801fa7722510ebbe5e6c15c6ab16 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ana Paula Grisoto (grisotoana@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2016-01-15T11:23:15Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 souza_bs_me_araca_int.pdf: 1024042 bytes, checksum: ec97801fa7722510ebbe5e6c15c6ab16 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-01-15T11:23:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 souza_bs_me_araca_int.pdf: 1024042 bytes, checksum: ec97801fa7722510ebbe5e6c15c6ab16 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-12-18 / Não recebi financiamento / A estrutura óssea do ser humano bem como o processo de consolidação óssea são alvos de estudos constantes em todo o mundo. Fraturas e lesões são consequências da fragilidade óssea, normalmente causadas pela osteoporose, um grave problema de saúde pública. Estudos mostram que essa fragilidade pode ser atenuada pela atividade física regular e treinamento de força. O objetivo dessa pesquisa foi avaliar a eficácia do exercício físico resistido frente a osteopenia induzida em ratos que permaneceram com ausência de carga em seus membros pélvicos. O modelo foi o de suspensão da cauda em ratos. Estes foram distribuídos em quatro grupos: C, controle, com período experimental em gaiola; S, suspenso por 21 dias e colocados em solo por mais 21 dias; E, submetido a exercício em escada durante 21 dias e, depois, mantido em solo por mais 21 dias e SE, suspenso por 21 dias e depois submetido a exercício em escada durante 21 dias. Foram realizadas análise de densitometria óssea e ensaio mecânico na tíbia dos animais para avaliar a qualidade do tecido ósseo após o período experimental. Pelos resultados, foi possível observar que o exercício físico com carga e intensidade adequada resulta em aumento da rigidez, força máxima, densidade mineral óssea e conteúdo mineral ósseo caracterizando uma recuperação da qualidade do osso proporcionada pelo exercício físico. Desta forma, conclui-se que o exercício físico com carga resistida e intensidade adequada resulta em remodelação óssea positiva frente a suspenção pela cauda, que por sua vez induz a fragilidade óssea semelhante a osteopenia, sendo eficaz no tratamento e prevenção dessa enfermidade. / The bone structure of the human being and the bone healing process are constant targets of studies worldwide. Fractures and injuries are consequences of bone frailty, usually caused by osteoporosis, a serious public health problem. Studies have shown that regular physical activity and strength training can mitigate this weakness. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the resistance exercise against osteopenia induced in rats that remained with no load on their hind limbs. The suspension model used was the rat’s tail model suspension. These rats were divided into four groups: C, control, with trial cage; S, suspended for 21 days and placed in soil for 21 days; E subjected to exercise ladder for 21 days and then kept in the soil for 21 days, and SE suspended for 21 days and then subjected to exercise ladder for 21 days. Bone densitometry analysis and mechanical testing in the tibia of the animals were realized to verify the quality of bone tissue after the trial period. It was possible to observe in the results that the exercise load and proper intensity results in increased rigidity, maximum strength, bone mineral density and bone mineral content featuring a recovery of bone quality provided by exercise. In this way, it was concluded that physical exercise with appropriate intensity and repeated load results in a positive bone remodeling before the suspension by the tail, which in turn induces a similar bone fragility osteoporosis, being effective in the treatment and prevention of this disease.

Submitted by Paulo Henrique Napoli null (profpaulonapoli@gmail.com) on 2016-04-06T19:30:12Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação de Mestrado Paulo Napoli.pdf: 1852000 bytes, checksum: 99776696d500de20e37d823e0bad58fd (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Felipe Augusto Arakaki (arakaki@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2016-04-07T17:25:51Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 napoli_ph_me_bauru.pdf: 1852000 bytes, checksum: 99776696d500de20e37d823e0bad58fd (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-07T17:25:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 napoli_ph_me_bauru.pdf: 1852000 bytes, checksum: 99776696d500de20e37d823e0bad58fd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-25 / Não recebi financiamento / Essa dissertação tem como objetivo propor um método de ensino, na forma de uma sequência didática, tendo como referência metodológica a Pedagogia Histórico-Crítica, para auxiliar os professores da educação básica, particularmente da disciplina de Sociologia, a evitarem relações discriminatórias, transferidas do meio social para o ambiente escolar, as quais foram aqui chamadas de “fenômenos caóticos ressonantes”. O método foi aplicado em alunos do ensino médio, de uma escola pública, no interior de São Paulo, procurando problematizar o processo de estigmatização exercido pelos alunos nativos da cidade e sofrido por estudantes de origem nordestina, resultando na melhoria da convivência entre ambos. / This dissertation aims to propose a method of teaching in the form of a didactic sequence, having as methodological reference the Historical-Critical Pedagogy, to help teachers of basic education, particularly the discipline of Sociology, to avoid discriminatory relations, transferred from the social environment to the school environment, which are here called "resonant chaotic phenomena." The method was applied to high school students in a public school in São Paulo, seeking to problematize the stigmatization process exercised by the native students from the city and undergone by students from the Northeast, resulting in improved coexistence between them.

abstract: The uncrossing partially ordered set $P_n$ is defined on the set of matchings on $2n$ points on a circle represented with wires. The order relation is $\tau'\leq \tau$ in $P_n$ if and only if $\tau'$ is obtained by resolving a crossing of $\tau$. %This partial order has been studied by Alman-Lian-Tran, Huang-Wen-Xie, Kenyon, and Lam. %The posets $P_n$ emerged from studies of circular planar electrical networks. Circular planar electrical networks are finite weighted undirected graphs embedded into a disk, with boundary vertices and interior vertices. By Curtis-Ingerman-Morrow and de Verdi\`ere-Gitler-Vertigan, the electrical networks can be encoded with response matrices. By Lam the space of response matrices for electrical networks has a cell structure, and this cell structure can be described by the uncrossing partial orders. %Lam proves that the posets can be identified with dual Bruhat order on affine permutations of type $(n,2n)$. Using this identification, Lam proves the poset $\hat{P}_n$, the uncrossing poset $P_n$ with a unique minimum element $\hat{0}$ adjoined, is Eulerian. This thesis consists of two sets of results: (1) flag enumeration in intervals in the uncrossing poset $P_n$ and (2) cyclic sieving phenomenon on the set $P_n$. I identify elements in $P_n$ with affine permutations of type $(0,2n)$. %This identification enables us to explicitly describe the elements in $P_n$ with the elements in $\mathcal{MP}_n$. Using this identification, I adapt a technique in Reading for finding recursions for the cd-indices of intervals in Bruhat order of Coxeter groups to the uncrossing poset $P_n$. As a result, I produce recursions for the cd-indices of intervals in the uncrossing poset $P_n$. I also obtain a recursion for the ab-indices of intervals in the poset $\hat{P}_n$, the poset $P_n$ with a unique minimum $\hat0$ adjoined. %We define an induced subposet $\mathcal{MP}_n$ of the affine permutations under Bruhat order. Reiner-Stanton-White defined the cyclic sieving phenomenon (CSP) associated to a finite cyclic group action on a finite set and a polynomial. Sagan observed the CSP on the set of non-crossing matchings with the $q$-Catalan polynomial. Bowling-Liang presented similar results on the set of $k$-crossing matchings for $1\leq k \leq 3$. In this dissertation, I focus on the set of all matchings on $[2n]:=\{1,2,\dots,2n\}$. I find the number of matchings fixed by $\frac{2\pi}{d}$ rotations for $d|2n$. I then find the polynomial $X_n(q)$ such that the set of matchings together with $X_n(q)$ and the cyclic group of order $2n$ exhibits the CSP. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Mathematics 2018

Made available in DSpace on 2015-07-22T20:50:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2012-01-01. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2015-08-11T03:26:34Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 Publico-JefersondosSantosMarcondesLeite.pdf: 504359 bytes, checksum: 1505996de8d212ead99468e02db2c72e (MD5) / O presente trabalho pretende explorar o universo ético do ceticismo pirrônico antigo de Sexto Empírico. Para tanto, investigamos o tema nos livros em que Sexto trabalha a questão da ética, a saber, Hipotiposes Pirrônicas, livros I e III, e Contra os Éticos. Sexto apresenta, no livro I das Hipotiposes, a concepção geral do ceticismo. Essa apresentação permite entender como o cético se relaciona com a ética, tanto do ponto de vista da sua reflexão sobre a ética dogmática, como da sua ação ética. Sobre este último ponto, Sexto rejeita as críticas feitas pelos filósofos dogmáticos com relação a impossibilidade da vida prática do cético, indicando qual seria o critério cético de ação. As outras duas obras desenvolvem a reflexão cética sobre a ética. Examinaremos se as duas obras estão de acordo com a apresentação feita no livro I das Hipotiposes, ressaltando a unidade e a autenticidade que o pensamento pirrônico de fato tem. Inicialmente, nos livros sobre ética, Sexto investiga, a respeito das filosofias dogmáticas de sua época, principalmente a dos estoicos, a natureza do bem, do mal e do indiferente, visto que os modelos éticos de sua época consistem numa reflexão sobre esses conceitos. Ao aplicar o seu método filosófico, a argumentação dos dois lados de uma questão, gerando a equipolência, Sexto conclui que a única solução possível para os temas éticos, tal como os dogmáticos a entendem, é suspender o juízo sobre se existe algo que seja o bem, o mal ou o indiferente por natureza. Em segundo lugar, Sexto mostra que toda arte de viver está fadada ao fracasso, visto que estão também vinculadas aos conceitos morais por natureza. Finalmente, voltaremos à questão prática, quando Sexto apresenta o modelo cético de guiar uma vida eticamente, tendo os fenômenos como o critério cético de ação. Desta forma, apresentaremos o pensamento ético pirrônico de Sexto Empírico, com seu estilo próprio e suas características inovadoras e sofisticadas. / This study aims to explore the ethical universe of ancient pyrrhonian scepticism of Sextus Empiricus. We therefore investigated the subject in books where Sextus works the question of ethics, namely Pyrrhonian Hypotyposes, books I and III, and Against the Ethical. Sextus presents, in Book I of Hypotyposes, the general conception of scepticism. This presentation allows to understand how the skeptic it relates to ethics, both from the point of view of its reflection on the ethics dogmatic as their ethical action. On this last point, Sextus rejects the criticisms made by dogmatic philosophers regarding the impossibility of practical life of the skeptic, indicating what would be the criterion for action skeptical. The other two works develop skeptical reflection on ethics. Examine whether the two works are consistent with the presentation of the book I Hypotyposes, emphasizing unity and authenticity that thought has indeed Pyrrhonian. Initially, the books on ethics, Sextus investigates about the dogmatic philosophies of his day, especially the Stoics, the nature of good, bad and indifferent, since the ethical models of his day consists of a reflection on these concepts. By applying his philosophical method, the arguments on both sides of an issue, generating equipollence, Sextus concludes that the only possible solution to the ethical issues, such as the dogmatic understand it, is to suspend judgment about whether there is something that the good, bad or indifferent in nature. Second, Sextus shows that all art of living is doomed to failure, as they are also linked to moral concepts in nature. Finally, back to the practical question, when Sextus presents the model skeptical of guide a life ethically, with phenomena such as skeptical criterion of action. Thus, we present the ethical thinking Pyrrhonian of Sextus Empiricus, with its own style and its innovative features and sophisticated. / TEDE

Problem: Showrooming phenomenon refers to the customer behavior of physically experiencing the product in a physical store before purchasing it from online stores. It is becoming increasingly prevalent today and has attracted the interest of academia. However, the majority of the existing studies explored this phenomenon from the perspective of retailers. The concern for different retailers’ gain and loss in showrooming process caused debate on how to define and interpret this phenomenon. Moreover, there are few existing studies that investigating this behavior from the consumers’ lens.  There seems to be a need for research focused on the customers’ showrooming experience and understand this phenomenon from their lens.   Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to explore what is showrooming phenomenon from customer’s perspective through investigating customers' personal showrooming experience in order to shed more light on the positive side of showrooming.   Method: Based on a social constructionism philosophy, this qualitative study utilizes a grounded theory strategy. In order to gather data through grounded theory method, in-depth interviews and a grounded analysis have been conducted. The analysis is conducted in three steps. First, in initial coding, codes and concepts are identified. Second, in axial coding, concepts are grouped into categories. Finally, in selective coding, categories are connected and grouped based on the intrinsic relationship between different categories. Also, the paradigm is built in these final step.   Conclusions: This study builds the paradigm model of showrooming phenomenon through exploring the experiences of showroomers. In the paradigm, the different conditions in the process are identified, including the core phenomenon, causal condition, contextual condition, intervening condition, action, consequences. Through building the model, this study explores the incentives and consequences of showroomers, the different influential factors during showrooming process, and the interpretations and perceptions from customer’s perspective.

Submitted by Maike Costa (maiksebas@gmail.com) on 2016-07-04T12:12:24Z No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivo total.pdf: 989612 bytes, checksum: 81bb07550777145999647bd6f656275e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-04T12:12:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivo total.pdf: 989612 bytes, checksum: 81bb07550777145999647bd6f656275e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-12-12 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The main objective of this work consists in investigating, from Nietzsche’s philosophical work – especially in the texts The birth of tragedy, Human, all too human and the Genealogy of morals – in what form the contemporary esthete understood the notion of tragic art in three differentiated perspectives. For this task, we will pursue the following steps: First, the overview of the will to power and of surviving will be sketched, and the consequent affirmation of life by man. Subsequently, an understanding of the tragic art as an artist’s metaphysics will be built, perceiving it as a result of the Apollonian and Dionysian impulses, which relate to the principle of individuation and thus manifests an interpretation of the world as an aesthetic phenomenon. In this first perspective, the tragic art is useful to man by making the absurdity of life bearable. Then the second notion of tragic art as an educator of men for their most primitive instincts, mainly for the will of survival and creativity. This second way of looking at tragedy is related to an instrumental interpretation of Socratic and to Nietzsche’s “perspectivism”. Moreover, the tragic will be useful to educate man to affirm his life. In a third moment, we intend to demonstrate how tragic art, mischaracterized by modernity, shall be understood as an ascetic priestess. Finally, some concluding remarks on the problem of how tragic art has changed its meaning of artist’s methaphisics, passed to be man’s educator and became ascetic priestess. However, there is an element that will surpass all three Nietzsche’s notions of tragic art, namely its usefulness in seducing men to affirm their living. / O objetivo capital desse trabalho constitui-se em investigar, a partir obra filosófica de Nietzsche –, sobretudo, nos textos O nascimento da tragédia; Humano, demasiado humano e Genealogia da moral –, de que forma o esteta contemporâneo compreendeu a noção de arte trágica em três perspectivas diferenciadas. Para tal indústria, encadear-se-ão as seguintes etapas: Primeiro, será esboçado o panorama geral das vontades de poder e de sobrevivência, bem como a consequente afirmação do viver por parte do homem. Subsequentemente, será construído um entendimento acerca da arte trágica como metafísica de artista. Percebendo-a como resultado das pulsões apolíneas e dionisíaca, as quais se relacionam com o princípio de individuação e assim manifesta-se uma interpretação do mundo como fenômeno estético. Nessa primeira perspectiva, a arte trágica será útil ao homem por tornar o absurdo da vida suportável. Em seguida, será refletida a segunda noção de arte trágica como formadora do homem em vistas de suas pulsões mais primitivas, principalmente, das vontades de sobrevivência e de criação. Essa segunda forma de contemplar a tragédia encontra-se relacionada a uma instrumentalização do socratismo e ao perspectivismo nietzschianos. Ademais, o trágico servirá para educar o homem para a afirmação do seu viver. Em um terceiro momento, objetiva-se demonstrar como a arte trágica, descaracterizada pela modernidade, passa a ser compreendida como uma sacerdotisa asceta. Por fim, serão realizadas algumas considerações finais acerca da problemática de como a arte trágica teve o seu significado modificado de metafísica de artista, passou por formadora do homem e chegou a sacerdotisa ascética. Contudo, existe um elemento que irá transpor todas as três noções nietzschianas de trágico na arte, a saber: a utilidade do mesmo em seduzir o homem a afirmar o seu viver.