Bakgrund: Hjärtinfarkt är den dominerande dödsorsaken i Sverige. Varje år drabbas ungefär 11 000 kvinnor men tack vare forskningens framsteg och förbättrade behandlingsmetoder överlever cirka två tredjedelar av dessa kvinnor. Stress är en vanlig bakomliggande orsak till hjärtinfarkt hos kvinnor. Samhällets förväntningar på kvinnor, som omhändertagande och huvudansvariga för familjen kan ses som bidragande till detta. Omvårdnaden inriktar sig på att stötta och motivera till livsstilsförändringar och egenvård, i syfte att undvika ett nytt insjuknande och öka kvinnans hälsa och självständighet. Syfte: Att belysa kvinnors upplevelser efter en hjärtinfarkt. Metod: Litteraturöversikt användes som metod och baserades på tio kvalitativa artiklar hämtade från databaserna CINAHL, PsycINFO och PubMed.  Samtliga artiklar kvalitetsgranskades och sammanställdes utifrån resultatens likheter och olikheter. Resultatet redovisas genom en integrerad analys. Resultat: Kvinnor upplevde att livet efter en hjärtinfarkt förändrades. De erfor både fysiska och psykosociala problem. Familj, det sociala nätverket och vårdkontakter hade en avgörande betydelse för kvinnornas förmåga till återhämtning. Den information kvinnorna erhöll om sjukdomen upplevdes inte som anpassad till deras behov. Resultatet redovisas i tre huvudkategorier, ett förändrat liv, relationers betydelse och vägen tillbaka. Diskussion: Resultatet diskuteras utifrån kvinnornas upplevelser, Dorothea Orems omvårdnadsteori och tidigare forskning. Litteraturöversiktens resultat visar att kvinnor upplever en förändrad tillvaro och identitet. Brist på kunskap och motivation reducerar egenvårdskapacitet. Genom att planera omvårdnaden utifrån den enskilda kvinnans kunskap, behov och förutsättningar stärks hennes möjligheter till egenvård. / Background: Myocardial infarction is the dominant cause of death in Sweden. Each year approximately 11 000 women are affected, however due to advances in research and improved treatment methods, about two thirds of these women survive. Stress is a common underlying cause of myocardial infarction in women. The society's expectations of women, such as care and main responsibility for the family, can be seen as contributing to this. Nursing care is focused on support and motivation for lifestyle changes and self-care with the aim of avoiding a relapse and increasing the woman's health and independence. Aim: To illustrate womens´experiences after a myocardial infarction. Method: The method used was a literature review and based on ten qualitative articles retrieved from the CINAHL, PsycINFO and PubMed databases. All articles were quality-reviewed and compiled based on the similarities and differences of the results. The result is reported through an integrated analysis. Results: Women experienced a change in life after a myocardial infarction, with both physical and psychosocial problems. The family, social network and health care contacts played a crucial role in women's ability to recover. The information received regarding the disease was not experienced as adapted to their needs. The result is presented in three main categories, a changed life, meaning of relationships and the way back. Discussion: The result is discussed based on women´s experiences, Dorothea Orem's nursing theory and previous research. The results of the literature review show that women experience a changed existence and identity. Lack of knowledge and motivation reduces the self-care capacity. By planning nursing based on the individual woman's knowledge, needs and conditions, her opportunities for self-care are strengthened.

This phenomenological inquiry delved into the lived experience of what it is like to have anaphylaxis, a severe and potentially fatal allergy, for those in the teacher education context. Hence, an understanding of the phenomenon of living with a severe allergy as well as the impact it has on the professional development of teachers emerged. Three pre-service teachers with first-hand experience of anaphylaxis participated in a series of in-depth interviews over the course of five months. Guided by the hermeneutic approach to phenomenological research outlined by Max van Manen as well as the philosophical writings of Bernd Jager on the social experiences of eating, several essential themes surfaced. The lived experience of anaphylaxis can thus be understood through two actions: ‘The Inhale’ which is associated with perceived barriers of anaphylaxis and ‘The Exhale’ which is a sense of relief one experiences when one is managing an anaphylactic allergy. The three most significant contexts where these actions notably hindered or empowered pre-service teachers were: ‘The Habi(table) Environment’, the concept of safe spaces for those with anaphylactic allergies, ‘The Confron(table) Environment’, represented by spaces beyond a safe environment where there is a need to confront the allergy, and ‘The Respec(table) Environment’ which is an inter-subjective space between those with allergies and those without who are able to negotiate their needs with one another, allowing for the creation of respectable community. These themes, comprised of two actions and three contexts, thus serve to offer a sense of what it is like to live with and manage anaphylaxis. They also sensitize educators toward developing thoughtful, pedagogical responses to the increasing rates of anaphylaxis in the classroom.

Many-body quantum dynamics is a challenging problem that has induced the development of many different computational techniques. One powerful technique is the multiconfiguration time-dependent Hartree-Fock (MCTDHF) method. This method allows proper consideration of electronic correlation with much less computational overhead compared to other similar methods. In this work, we present our implementation of the MCTDHF method on a non-uniform cylindrical grid. With the one-body limit of our code, we studied the controversial topic of tunneling delay, and showed that our results agree with one recent experiment while disagreeing with another. Using the fully correlated version of the code, we demonstrated the ability of MCTDHF to address correlation by calculating the ground state ionization energies of a few strongly correlated systems.

Nombreux sont les ouvrages juridiques qui étudient le crime et la réponse judiciaire. Mais rares sont ceux qui mettent en avant une approche pluridisciplinaire pour interroger les fondements et principes du Droit dans ce domaine. C'est la raison pour laquelle cette thèse envisage le phénomène criminel, la mise en oeuvre de la répression (recherche de l'infraction jusqu'à la condamnation définitive du coupable) et la peine à travers la littérature, et plus particulièrement deux auteurs majeurs que sont Dostoïevski et Genet.Tous deux proposent une analyse du phénomène criminel (crime, auteur et victime) qui, de par son originalité, pousse le lecteur à s'interroger, voire à reconsidérer la définition posée par le Droit. La réponse judiciaire apportée par ce dernier est également remise en cause par Dostoïevski et Genet qui insistent sur la faillibilité d'une justice rendue par les hommes. Le procès est une étape considérée comme obligatoire par les deux auteurs et l'exécution de la peine nécessaire; cependant leurs écrits interrogent l'impératif de proportionnalité et d'humanité de la répression / Crime and its legal response have been subject to extensive analyses and publications. Few provide a pluri-disciplinary approach aiming at questioning the founding principles of the Law in this field. This is the reason why this thesis considers the criminal phenomenon, the implementation of repression measures (from the offence investigation until the definitive conviction of the culprit) and the sentence throughout literature and with a specific focus on two main authors, Dostoïevski and Genet.Their original analysis of the criminal phenomenon (crime, author, and victim) is driving the reader to question and even reconsider their definition as stated in the Law. The legal response is also subject to question as both authors insist on the fallibility of a justice dispensed by human beings. In their opinion, the trial is a mandatory step and the accomplishment of sentence necessary. However, thiers pieces of writings question the need for proportionality and humanity regarding repression.

Linhas de produção são sistemas fabris para produção em larga escala, com grande importância no sistema industrial atual. Como se trata de um sistema já consolidado, é natural que existam métricas de desempenho e estratégias para otimização de eficiência para as diversas configurações de linhas de produção existentes. Este trabalho se concentra em linhas seriais não-ritmadas e estocásticas. Em particular, o interesse é no efeito de se desbalancear adequadamente uma linha de produção para melhorar sua produtividade, o que é denominado na literatura de fenômeno Tigela (Bowl phenomenon). Uma revisão da literatura mostrou que esse fenômeno já foi estudado em diferentes cenários: linhas com e sem buffers, diversos perfis de carga ao longo da linha e diferentes distribuições probabilísticas regendo os tempos de execução das tarefas. Contudo, nenhum dos estudos considerou a indivisibilidade das tarefas, isto é, o fato de que cada tarefa deve ser executada em uma única estação. Essa é a principal lacuna explorada neste estudo. Para isso, são utilizadas instâncias recentemente propostas do Problema Simples de Balanceamento de Linhas de Produção (SALBP, na sigla em inglês) e instâncias do Problema de Designação de Trabalhadores e Balanceamento de Linhas de Produção (ALWABP), que são solucionadas a partir de modelos de programação inteira mista que induzem soluções de acordo com o efeito Tigela. Essas soluções são utilizadas em um modelo de simulação estocástico, também apresentado neste trabalho. Em linhas gerais, os resultados mostram que as soluções do SALBP e ALWABP obtidas podem se beneficiar do efeito Tigela. Além disso, a variedade das instâncias utilizadas nos experimentos argumentam em favor de uma maior capacidade de generalização dos resultados para casos práticos se comparados aos casos simplificados previamente discutidos na literatura. / Assembly lines are large-scale production systems with great value in modern industrial systems. Perfomance measures and strategies have been proposed in order to evaluate and improve the efficiency of numerous assembly line configurations. This dissertation focuses on serial unpaced (stochastic) assembly lines. In particular, the interest of this study is in the effect of deliberately unbalacing the line in a specific manner in order to enhance its performance, a strategy that exploits the so-called Bowl phenomenon. The literature has studied this phenomenon in different scenarios: buffered and unbuffered lines, different workload profiles along the line and different probabilistic task time distributions. However, none of the identified studies considers task indivisibility, an intrisic characteristic of real-world assembly line balancing problems, namely, each task has to be executed in a single station. This is the main gap explored in this study. Thereunto, we use recently proposed instances for the Simple Assembly Line Balancing Problem (SALBP) and some Assembly Line Worker Assignment and Balancing Problem (ALWABP) instances, which are solved using mixed integer programming models capable of inducing bowl workload profiles. These solutions are used as input in a stochastic simulation model, also presented in this study. Overall, the results show that SALBP and ALWABP solutions may benefit from the Bowl phenomenon. Furthermore, the variety of the instances considered in the experiments allows for a better generalization of the results to real-world scenarios if compared to the simplified cases previously shown in the literature.

Esta tese apresenta a caracterização de desempenho dos serviços executados em um ambiente em nuvem, quando são consideradas rajadas de diferentes origens, intensidades e variabilidades nas cargas de trabalho. Os resultados mostram que a presença de rajadas no processo de chegada das requisições e/ou nas demandas de serviço, ocasiona uma considerável degradação no desempenho dos serviços e, portanto, devem ser consideradas nos modelos de cargas de trabalhos e nas atividades voltadas para avaliação de desempenho em computação em nuvem. Considerando-se a grande influência das rajadas, é proposta e validada uma metodologia que permite monitorar uma carga de trabalho e determinar a ocorrência de rajadas tanto nas taxas de chegadas de requisições quanto nas demandas de serviços. A metodologia utilizada na condução deste trabalho consta de diferentes modelos de cargas de trabalho com rajadas de diferentes variabilidades e intensidades, desenvolvidos e integrados à arquitetura CloudSim-BEQoS proposta nesta tese. Utilizando-se essa arquitetura é possível executar um conjunto de experimentos que possibilitam a obtenção dos resultados que caracterizam o desempenho dos serviços quando são criadas condições de rajadas nas cargas de trabalho submetidas à nuvem. / This thesis presents the performance characterization of the services executed in a cloud environment, when bursts are considered from different sources, intensity and variability in the workload. The results show that the presence of bursts in the arrival process of requests and/or in service demands, causes a significant degradation in the performance of services and therefore should belong to the models of workloads and in the activities considered for performance evaluation in cloud computing. Considering the great influence of bursts, a methodology to monitor a workload and predict the occurrence of bursts in both the rates of request arrivals and the service demands is proposed and validated. The methodology used in the conduction of this work consists in different types of workloads with bursts of different variability and intensity, developed and integrated into the CloudSim-BEQoS architecture proposed in this thesis. By using this architecture it is possible to execute a set of experiments that enable the achievement of the results that characterize the performance of services when bursts conditions are created in the workload submitted to the cloud.

O fenômeno da compensação pode ser identificado em atletas que atuam no mesmo nível de desempenho esportivo, mas, que tenham características morfológicas e funcionais diferentes. Algumas características podem apresentar escores baixos (em relação a seus pares), e são compensadas por outras com escores altos. O objetivo da presente pesquisa foi verificar a existência do fenômeno da compensação em atletas de voleibol infanto-juvenis e adultas por meio de características antropométricas, de aptidão física e psicossociais. As discussões foram realizadas em quatro etapas. Na primeira etapa, foram descritas as características antropométricas, somatotípicas, de aptidão física e psicossociais. Na segunda etapa, foram verificados a idade de início da prática esportiva no vôlei e quantos anos de treinamento cada atleta tinha acumulado em sua carreira. Na terceira etapa, foram averiguadas as semelhanças e as diferenças na combinação dos perfis antropométrico, de aptidão física e psicossocial das atletas, por meio de escores padronizados. Na quarta e última etapa, foi constatada a efetividade da seleção de talentos considerando-se duas variáveis determinantes para o voleibol: a estatura e a impulsão vertical. Os resultados encontrados indicaram que é possível identificar o fenômeno da compensação em atletas de voleibol do mesmo nível de desempenho esportivo. / The compensation phenomenon may be identified in athletes that compete at the same performance level, but achieve this performance level through distinct morphological and functional characteristics. An athlete may present lower scores in some characteristics, but he can compensate them having higher scores in others. The aim of this study was to identify the compensation phenomenon in junior and in senior female volleyball players through anthropometric, motor abilities and psychosocial characteristics. The analysis of the compensation phenomenon was performed in a four-step approach. In the first step, anthropometric, somatotype, motor abilities and psychosocial characteristics were described. In the second step, age of practice start and years each athlete had accumulated in the training career were described. In the third step, similarities and differences of the athletes were analyzed through the combination of anthropometric, motor abilities and psychosocial profile scores padronization. Finally, in the fourth, the efficiency of talent selection was verified considering two determinant characteristics of volleyball players: height and vertical jump. The results showed that is possible to identify the compensation phenomenon in athletes that compete in the same level of sport performance.

京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(人間・環境学) / 甲第23273号 / 人博第988号 / 新制||人||234(附属図書館) / 2020||人博||988(吉田南総合図書館) / 京都大学大学院人間・環境学研究科共生人間学専攻 / (主査)教授 角 大輝, 教授 上木 直昌, 准教授 木坂 正史 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Human and Environmental Studies / Kyoto University / DFAM

Philosophiae Doctor - PhD / The study of sound symbolism, phonetics and semantics has been of major concern for linguists since the Greeks and the Romans in the fifth century before AD. The idea of sound symbolism - the existence of correspondence between the sound of letters (or linguists, such as Ibn Jinni (942-1002 AD), and modern Arabic linguists, including al- Badráwi (1999), and Na'aim Alwia (1984), have attempted to elucidate this phenomenon, providing detailed description and some examples from Arabic and the Holy Qur'an. Modern Western linguists such as Magnus (1999) have discussed the correspondence between the sounds of letters and the sense in Western languages. Jespersen (1962) and Badráwi (1999) have recommended that this phenomenon needs further detailed study and have indicated the need of more examples to be used as reference theory. Using Ibn Jinni's model, this study is an attempt to build on the theory of the correspondence between sound and meaning using the Holy Qur'an as an example. While Jinni's focus was on the correspondence of sound and meaning at the word level, this study will focus on the individual sound segments within the word, and the effect of the word within the Surat. The argument is that it is the individual distinctive features of each phoneme in a word that give the word its distinctive sound quality, and also has have an impact on the meaning of the word. Any correspondence between sound and meaning in a word should therefore be assigned to a particular significant distinctive feature. Given that the focus on the presumed direct relationship between sound and meaning, recourse will be made to the principal of onomatopoeia. Therefore, the objective of this study is to investigate the relationship between the distinctive features of the sounds that form Arabic words and the meaning of such words as used in the Holy Qur'an. In particular, the study will analyze the distinctive features, such as a sound being a consonant or a vowel, voicing, manner and place of articulation, airstream mechanism, among others (singly or combined) of the sounds in Arabic words, and relate this to the meaning of the words. This phenomenon will be investigated using descriptive methods and the Holy Qur' an as the object of study.

This thesis aims to highlight the smock-dress within the context of Soviet-Estonia during the post-war epoch, ca. 1950s until 1990s. Through Mauss’s socio-anthropological tripoint view, the concepts and identities of the smock-dress are studied from the angles of biology, sociology and psychology. The intention is to show its widespread use amongst Soviet- Estonian women and their remembrance of it, in accordance with the Soviet ideological structures. Using semi-structured interviews, I have assembled oral history from women who attain this historical retrospective, aiming to depict the smock-dress as both a concept and an object, thus functioning as an emblem of Soviet society rather than a historical artefact. Relying on the terms nostalgia, socio-cultural belonging and phenomenology, I seek to capture the smock-dress as both a vestiary phenomenon and representation of social structures. Thus, creating a dual identity, individual and collective, through its usage, showing that sartorial fashion encompasses more than just emotions and promoted stylistics.