The risk analysis process involving information acquisition, modeling, analysis, and decision steps result in system design improvement. To allow an accurate and active system risk assessment in road transportation, this study identifies the contributing factors in reliability of road transportation systems and develops the systematic and stochastic methodologies and mathematical models. The developed models and methodologies aim to assess the reliability and risk of drivers interacting with the today’s typical vehicles equipped with Advanced Drivers Assistance System (ADAS) and Passive Safety Systems (PSS) with any degree of complexity and availability of such systems. The research further examines and addresses the specific needs of such vulnerable users and perhaps risk to others on roads including older drivers, younger drivers and pedestrians. The research presents the conditions monitoring concepts as in-vehicle tools for live assessment of risk state of drivers built on the methodologies and models developed in the studies. The necessity for availability of good data and specific databases for purpose of risk assessment in road transportation is then highlighted and stressed. The complete procedure for accident investigation and data collection is developed and presented in the research and a conceptual model for a typical human centered reliability databases in road transportation is also developed. The research is novel and innovative and expected to pave the way for improvement and development of new risk mitigating systems and better assessment and monitoring of the safety of users on roads and with the capability of information sharing resulting in saving many lives worldwide.

Nos últimos anos, com a necessidade de suprir as demandas por novas infra-estruturas, aliada a falta de capacidade financeira dos governos, as Parcerias Público Privadas (PPPs) surgiram como uma alternativa. Essa participação privada nos investimentos públicos tem trazido resultados positivos nos governos que já as implementaram, como no caso da Inglaterra. No Brasil, a Lei n. 11.079/04 ? ?Lei das PPPs?, foi sancionada produto da percepção daqueles resultados no exterior, conjugada à própria necessidade interna. Com base nas práticas inglesas, a Secretaria do Tesouro Nacional emitiu a Portaria n. 614/06 que estabelece as normas relativas à consolidação das contas públicas aplicáveis aos contratos de PPPs. O critério adotado, segundo a norma, visa refletir a essência da relação econômica entre as partes contratantes, porém encontra-se necessário realizar uma análise em termos da essência econômica do objeto que envolve o contrato de PPP, por ele ser, em última análise, o fenômeno a ser contabilizado. Assim, o objetivo geral desta pesquisa foi identificar se existe concordância entre a essência econômica do objeto do contrato e a forma jurídica dos contratos de Parcerias Público-Privadas na geração de infra-estruturas rodoviárias no Brasil, visando iniciar uma discussão em matéria contábil no âmbito nacional. Para tal efeito se estabeleceram os seguintes objetivos específicos: contextualizar a implementação dos contratos de PPPs no Brasil, caracterizar o formato jurídico das PPPs no âmbito nacional e analisar os pronunciamentos contábeis existentes em relação à categorização dos gastos públicos quando da criação de infra-estruturas. A pesquisa caracteriza-se por ser de natureza exploratória, descritiva, bibliográfica e documental. Os dados foram coletados visando sua estruturação em três unidades de análise: antecedentes das parcerias, contexto econômico e estratégias empreendidas. Além disso, foram analisados os mencionados pronunciamentos contábeis para identificar o critério mantido pela STN até a emissão da Lei das PPPs a respeito da essência econômica da criação de infra-estruturas. O conjunto de análises realizadas permite sugerir que não existe uma concordância entre a essência econômica do objeto do contrato e a forma jurídica dos contratos de Parcerias Público-Privadas na geração de infra-estruturas rodoviárias no Brasil. A forma jurídica desses contratos é abrangente para projetos executáveis em diferentes setores e, portanto, não permite refletir a essência do objeto econômico de cada parceria. Finalmente foram sugeridos temas para futuras pesquisas, principalmente, no sentido de aprofundar a discussão sobre a essência dos projetos PPPs ou aplicando a metodologia utilizada neste estudo a cada setor da economia. / Last years, because of the need of supplying demands for new infrastructures, allied the financial lack of government\'s capacity, Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs) have appeared as an alternative. This kind of private participation in public investments has brought positive results to governments that had already implemented them, like England. In Brazil, the Law n. 11.079/04 ? PPPs Law, was born from the perception of those abroad results, conjugated to the proper internal necessity. Based on English practices, the Secretaria do Tesouro Nacional ? STN - emitted the Portaria n. 614/06 that stated norms for public accounts consolidation of PPPs contracts. The adopted criterion, according to the norm, aims to reflecting the essence of the economic relation between the contracting parties, however it needs to accomplish an analysis in term of the essence of the object which involves the PPP contract, due this to being, at the end, the phenomenon to be entered. Thus, the general objective of this research was to identify if there is an agreement in economic essence terms between the PPPs contracts object about road infrastructure generation in Brazil and their legal form, aiming to starting a national discussion at the accounting area. For such effect, these followed specific objectives were pointed: contextualizing the PPPs contracts implementation in Brazil, characterizing the legal form of the PPPs in the national scope and analyzing the existing accounting statements related to the categorizing of the public expenses for infrastructure generation. The study is characterized for being a exploratory, descriptive, bibliographical and documentary research. The data had been collected in order to be structured into three analysis units: the partnerships precedents, the economic context and the undertaken strategies. Moreover, the mentioned accounting statements were analyzed aiming to identifying the STN?s criterion about the economic essence in infrastructure generation, kept until the emission of the PPPs Law. The set of accomplished analyses permit to suggest that there is not an agreement about the economic essence between the PPPs contracts object of the road infrastructure generation in Brazil and their legal form. Such legal form of these contracts is widely applied to execute projects in different sectors and, therefore, it does not allow to reflect the essence of the economic object for each partnership. At the end, subjects for future researches were suggested, specially, in terms of a deeper discussion about the essence of the PPPs projects, or by applying the methodology used in this research for others economic sectors.

Construction progress monitoring allows schedule and/or cost deviations to be identified early enough to effectively implement corrective actions. At least 77% of transportation projects experience cost overruns, and as much as 75% of these overruns have been attributed to “real” construction management factors like progress monitoring. Progress is measured on road construction sites in terms of completion percentages at various activity and work package levels. This percentage is then used to identify schedule deviations and support the earned value analysis often used as the baseline for contractor progress payments. Unfortunately, the current methods for producing these completion percentages are not as correct or time efficient as they should be to enable effective project control. The objective of this research is to develop, test, and validate a novel solution for automatically producing completion percentages and progress status determinations that are more correct and time efficient than those generated in current practice. The proposed solution seeks to automatically detect incremental progress on road design layers in 3D as-built point cloud data generated using unmanned aerial photogrammetry and a novel data simulation approach. A parallel as-planned progress estimate is also automatically prepared using 4D information, and the progress status determinations are made by comparing the two results. This solution was tested on 15 datasets (13 simulated and 2 real-world) representing a variety of road designs and progress conditions. The method achieved an average 95% F1 score in layer detection on the real-world data, and mostly outperformed current practice in correctness. The automated processing of as-built and as-planned data to produce the progress estimate took 12 seconds for the real world data, which was indeed faster than the current practice equivalent. Although the research objectives were met, there remains room for further improvement, particularly in regards to the solution’s robustness to occlusions on the monitored surfaces.

The flow of goods to Russia has grown faster than the bottleneck can handle and the infrastructure on Finnish eastern borders has been stretched to the limit. The authors choose this topic according to their educational background and the direct and indirect future opportunities that can rise up for everybody by a possible solution. Purpose The main purpose of this thesis was to identify the main reasons for the inefficient border crossing process at the border station in Vaalimaa. The authors will analyse the current situation at the border crossing station in Vaalimaa from two different perspectives: Finnish Customs and Logistics Companies. The authors will propose a possible solution by improving the border crossing process Methodology Qualitative research method is used in order to get the most dependable information for the reasons of the problems. The aim was to get information about the current situation at the border crossing point in Vaalimaa rather than quantitative information. The qualitative research method will allow authors to go deeper inside the topic by interviewing the logistics companies, who are using the route via Finland to Russia and, as well as, Finnish customs and border guards, who are working in Vaalimaa. After the data collection, the authors will propose their own solution for the crossing border problems and they will conclude the research by measuring its validity and reliability. Conclusion The authors will present the main reasons for the inefficient border crossing process, which are bureaucracy, legislation issues, criminality level and poor IT-systems. In order to solve the problem and manage all the possible changes, Russia and EU should have a closely cooperation in any level. The authors after analysing the current situation in Vaalimaa, created the “One-stop” model as an improvement of the whole border crossing process.

Activities, conducted in the logistics sector, contribute to pollute the world. Especially, road transportation contaminates the environment with the release of exhaust emissions. Transport volumes as well as the proportion of the road sector are constantly rising, which intensifies its environmental impacts. In order to determine the main culprits of pollution, Environmental Impact Analysis (EIA) are used. These concepts are mostly ambiguous, fuzzy and hard to present in a comprehensive way. The main purpose of the present thesis is to develop an analysis in order to investigate the environmental impacts of road transportation along a certain supply chain. An academic resource was used as database, in order to develop and test an exhauste mission calculation in cooperation with a case company. Besides CO2, this assessment also focuses on the measurement of other exhauste missions like Nox, PM or CO. Furthermore, economic factors like, costs caused per transport are calculated. Aspects, like capacity utilization, the use of environmentally friendly tires or eco-friendly driving styles, are included in the analysis. These factors influence fuel consumption and thus the final production of exhaust emissions. A detailed description of each factor and calculation step is illustrated in this thesis. Due to a high complexity of transportation, this analysis is limited to road transportation. The fundament of the analysis builds the categorization of crafts due to the Euro standards. Hence, just transports conducted with crafts, manufactured within the European Union, can be evaluated. A validation test and in-depth interviews were conducted in order to approve the practicability of the developed assessment. During this process, strengths and weaknesses of the analysis were identified. Finally, the analysis is critically examined by showing its application constraints as well as prospective development opportunities. An enlargement, to include other transport modes, material handling activities in order to measure impacts during intermodal transportation along a whole transportation chain, is a prospect outlook.

Nos últimos anos, com a necessidade de suprir as demandas por novas infra-estruturas, aliada a falta de capacidade financeira dos governos, as Parcerias Público Privadas (PPPs) surgiram como uma alternativa. Essa participação privada nos investimentos públicos tem trazido resultados positivos nos governos que já as implementaram, como no caso da Inglaterra. No Brasil, a Lei n. 11.079/04 ? ?Lei das PPPs?, foi sancionada produto da percepção daqueles resultados no exterior, conjugada à própria necessidade interna. Com base nas práticas inglesas, a Secretaria do Tesouro Nacional emitiu a Portaria n. 614/06 que estabelece as normas relativas à consolidação das contas públicas aplicáveis aos contratos de PPPs. O critério adotado, segundo a norma, visa refletir a essência da relação econômica entre as partes contratantes, porém encontra-se necessário realizar uma análise em termos da essência econômica do objeto que envolve o contrato de PPP, por ele ser, em última análise, o fenômeno a ser contabilizado. Assim, o objetivo geral desta pesquisa foi identificar se existe concordância entre a essência econômica do objeto do contrato e a forma jurídica dos contratos de Parcerias Público-Privadas na geração de infra-estruturas rodoviárias no Brasil, visando iniciar uma discussão em matéria contábil no âmbito nacional. Para tal efeito se estabeleceram os seguintes objetivos específicos: contextualizar a implementação dos contratos de PPPs no Brasil, caracterizar o formato jurídico das PPPs no âmbito nacional e analisar os pronunciamentos contábeis existentes em relação à categorização dos gastos públicos quando da criação de infra-estruturas. A pesquisa caracteriza-se por ser de natureza exploratória, descritiva, bibliográfica e documental. Os dados foram coletados visando sua estruturação em três unidades de análise: antecedentes das parcerias, contexto econômico e estratégias empreendidas. Além disso, foram analisados os mencionados pronunciamentos contábeis para identificar o critério mantido pela STN até a emissão da Lei das PPPs a respeito da essência econômica da criação de infra-estruturas. O conjunto de análises realizadas permite sugerir que não existe uma concordância entre a essência econômica do objeto do contrato e a forma jurídica dos contratos de Parcerias Público-Privadas na geração de infra-estruturas rodoviárias no Brasil. A forma jurídica desses contratos é abrangente para projetos executáveis em diferentes setores e, portanto, não permite refletir a essência do objeto econômico de cada parceria. Finalmente foram sugeridos temas para futuras pesquisas, principalmente, no sentido de aprofundar a discussão sobre a essência dos projetos PPPs ou aplicando a metodologia utilizada neste estudo a cada setor da economia. / Last years, because of the need of supplying demands for new infrastructures, allied the financial lack of government\'s capacity, Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs) have appeared as an alternative. This kind of private participation in public investments has brought positive results to governments that had already implemented them, like England. In Brazil, the Law n. 11.079/04 ? PPPs Law, was born from the perception of those abroad results, conjugated to the proper internal necessity. Based on English practices, the Secretaria do Tesouro Nacional ? STN - emitted the Portaria n. 614/06 that stated norms for public accounts consolidation of PPPs contracts. The adopted criterion, according to the norm, aims to reflecting the essence of the economic relation between the contracting parties, however it needs to accomplish an analysis in term of the essence of the object which involves the PPP contract, due this to being, at the end, the phenomenon to be entered. Thus, the general objective of this research was to identify if there is an agreement in economic essence terms between the PPPs contracts object about road infrastructure generation in Brazil and their legal form, aiming to starting a national discussion at the accounting area. For such effect, these followed specific objectives were pointed: contextualizing the PPPs contracts implementation in Brazil, characterizing the legal form of the PPPs in the national scope and analyzing the existing accounting statements related to the categorizing of the public expenses for infrastructure generation. The study is characterized for being a exploratory, descriptive, bibliographical and documentary research. The data had been collected in order to be structured into three analysis units: the partnerships precedents, the economic context and the undertaken strategies. Moreover, the mentioned accounting statements were analyzed aiming to identifying the STN?s criterion about the economic essence in infrastructure generation, kept until the emission of the PPPs Law. The set of accomplished analyses permit to suggest that there is not an agreement about the economic essence between the PPPs contracts object of the road infrastructure generation in Brazil and their legal form. Such legal form of these contracts is widely applied to execute projects in different sectors and, therefore, it does not allow to reflect the essence of the economic object for each partnership. At the end, subjects for future researches were suggested, specially, in terms of a deeper discussion about the essence of the PPPs projects, or by applying the methodology used in this research for others economic sectors.

Há uma grande incidência de acidentes com produtos perigosos, na tipologia rodoviária. A tese se situa no contexto da elaboração e da implementação dos planos de emergência, ou seja, do planejamento formal para lidar com as emergências. Dividem-se, neste trabalho, os planos de emergência em duas classes: os planos individuais e os planos integradores. Os planos individuais tem o seu foco centrado na atuação, considerando as ênfases técnico-operacional e de comunicação. Já os planos integradores, usualmente na alçada do poder público ou na área corporativa de grandes empresas, devem, como o nome sugere, integrar os recursos técnicos e humanos disponíveis. O principal ponto desta tese é a conceituação e a análise crítica tomando como base a situação atual e futura do CONLESTE, de quatro eixos estruturais a serem considerados nos planos integradores: de acompanhamento, fiscalizador, autorizador e operacional. Apresenta-se, adicionalmente, um modelo que se divide em nove itens, articulados com os eixos estruturais já citados. / There is a high incidence of accidents with dangerous products in the road typology. This thesis aims to create and implement emergency plans, that is, the formal planning to deal with emergencies. The emergency plans are divided into two classes in this work: individual and integrating plans. The individual plans focus on the action, taking into consideration technical-operational and communication emphases. The integrating plans, usually under the government scope or in the corporate area of big companies, should be able to integrate technical and human resources. The main item of this work is the concept and critical analysis based on the present and future situation of CONLESTE, of four structural axes to be considered in the integrating plan: observation, supervision, authorization and operational axes. Additionally, we present a model divided into nine items, articulated with the structural axes mentioned above.

Há uma grande incidência de acidentes com produtos perigosos, na tipologia rodoviária. A tese se situa no contexto da elaboração e da implementação dos planos de emergência, ou seja, do planejamento formal para lidar com as emergências. Dividem-se, neste trabalho, os planos de emergência em duas classes: os planos individuais e os planos integradores. Os planos individuais tem o seu foco centrado na atuação, considerando as ênfases técnico-operacional e de comunicação. Já os planos integradores, usualmente na alçada do poder público ou na área corporativa de grandes empresas, devem, como o nome sugere, integrar os recursos técnicos e humanos disponíveis. O principal ponto desta tese é a conceituação e a análise crítica tomando como base a situação atual e futura do CONLESTE, de quatro eixos estruturais a serem considerados nos planos integradores: de acompanhamento, fiscalizador, autorizador e operacional. Apresenta-se, adicionalmente, um modelo que se divide em nove itens, articulados com os eixos estruturais já citados. / There is a high incidence of accidents with dangerous products in the road typology. This thesis aims to create and implement emergency plans, that is, the formal planning to deal with emergencies. The emergency plans are divided into two classes in this work: individual and integrating plans. The individual plans focus on the action, taking into consideration technical-operational and communication emphases. The integrating plans, usually under the government scope or in the corporate area of big companies, should be able to integrate technical and human resources. The main item of this work is the concept and critical analysis based on the present and future situation of CONLESTE, of four structural axes to be considered in the integrating plan: observation, supervision, authorization and operational axes. Additionally, we present a model divided into nine items, articulated with the structural axes mentioned above.

The aim of this thesis is to describe and evaluate current road transport conditions in Hradec Králové. Next, this paper explains planned constructions in detail and then evaluates benefits of their implementation for the city. In the theoretical part, terms connecting with the road transportation are described. In the practical part, there are the most important roads discussed. Then the author suggests the effect from connecting all mentioned roads to traffic system of Hradec Králové and assess impact for the region. There is also the swot analysis included to evaluate current conditions of road transport in Hradec Králové.

The diploma thesis focuses on impact of construction position and its impact on price of off-road transport. One of the main aims of the thesis is to assess influence of location of construction on its price and cost. Furthermore, the work aims at creating optimal procedure for processing information obtained from the budget. The diploma thesis is divided into two parts. In the theoretical part are described themes related to the given topic and in the practical part the obtained data are analyzed and subsequently processed