Nessa pesquisa apresentamos uma proposta didática pautada no uso da literatura no ensino de ciências a partir do uso de um gênero literário específico, o romance policial juvenil, no ensino da Investigação Científica. A obra utilizada como modelo é O caso da borboleta Atíria de Lúcia Machado de Almeida, que possui um enredo pautado em mistério e investigação policial e faz parte da Série Vaga Lume da editora Ática. As obras literárias que compõe a Série estão presentes nas salas de aula e bibliotecas escolares, desde a década de setenta e fazem parte do repertório de leitura de muitos alunos atualmente. Além disso, elas estão repletas de conteúdos que permeiam várias áreas do conhecimento. Um dos procedimentos utilizados de análise da obra foi o uso da semiótica de Greimas (1976) que procura estabelecer as relações sintáxicas no interior de um texto, podendo auxiliar em um trabalho de interpretação mais profunda. Também realizamos a análise do discurso tendo como aporte teórico Maingueneau (2006), que estabelece parâmetros que nos permitem avaliar as principais características e as condições de êxito para os gêneros do discurso, estudando o processo de produção da obra, tendo como base o contexto sociocultural, evidenciando elementos a serem considerados no processo de ensino-aprendizagem relacionados à estrutura da obra e ao contexto sociocultural em que ela está inserida. Com essas análises, notamos que a obra tem como foco a busca do conhecimento por meio da investigação, possibilitando a elaboração de propostas didáticas para o ensino da Investigação Científica. Sendo assim, elaboramos propostas didáticas com o uso da obra para a abordagem da investigação científica no ensino de ciências voltadas para nível do Ensino Fundamental II. Essas propostas foram aplicadas em uma escola da cidade de São Paulo com o objetivo de reformular e aprimorar as propostas, possibilitando seu uso em diversos contextos escolares de forma interdisciplinar. / In this research we propose a guided didactic use of literature in science education from the use of a specific literary genre, the crime novel, in Scientific Research\'s teaching. The book O caso da borboleta Atíria was used as a model, written by Lucia Machado de Almeida, in which story is based in mystery and police investigation and is part of the publisher Ática, in Vaga Lume collection. The Literary that make up this collection are present in classrooms and school libraries since the seventies and are part of the repertoire of many students currently reading. Moreover, they are filled with content that permeate many areas of knowledge. One of the procedures used for analysis of the work was the use of semiotics of Greimas (1976) who seeks to establish syntactic relations within a text, and may help in a deeper interpretation work. We also conducted the analysis of discourse based in Maingueneau\'s theory (2006), which sets parameters that allow us to assess the main characteristics and the conditions of success for speech genres, studying the production process of the work, based on the social and culture contexts, showing elements to be considered in the process of teaching and learning related to the structure of the work and to the context in which it is embedded. With those analyses, we note that the work has a focus on to the search for knowledge through research, allowing the preparation of didactic proposals for the Scientific Research teaching. Thus, we elaborate didactic proposals using the book to approach scientific research in science teaching aimed at the elementary school. These proposals have been implemented in a school in the city of São Paulo in order to reshape and refine the proposals, enabling its use in different school contexts in an interdisciplinary way.

English title: Julia and the elite. A study of how the Internet hatred developed into a media avalanche. Introduction: During February 2013 Swedish media flooded with news of online hate directed towards women after an episode of Uppdrag Granskning on SVT (2013). Female media profiles were given the opportunity to tell the entire Swedish population about the hate and threats they had been exposed to online. In this thesis we want to investigate what topics end up on the media´s agenda, how a piece of news is developed and framed. Questions: How does a piece of news considered highly newsworthy develop from when it first appears in the media until it gradually disappears? How and why did Internet hatred end up on the media´s agenda? How does the media framed the Internet hatred? Theory: To be able to answer the questions formulated in this thesis, the following theories have been used: Agenda-Setting theory, framing theory, news valuation and media logic.  Method: Quantitative content analysis of news broadcasts and debate shows from TV, radio and newspapers. Additionally a qualitative content analysis by support of a rhetorical and semiotic analysis of two debate articles and one TV feature. Result: The online hate debate was to be divided into two main debates concerning how to handle online hate in terms of the law and men who hate women in the public sphere. The majority of those who participate in the online hate debate belong to some form of either media, political, legal or academic elite. More than halv of those who fight for the online hate-cause belong to the media elite. Julia, who participate in Uppdrag Granskning on SVT, is one of the most prominent citizens who campaign for the cause.  Conclusion: The most important conclusion in this thesis is that the Internet hatred predominantly centred on Julia and the different elite groups. The media elite was both the victim and the fiercest campaigner for the cause. Even though online hate was described as a general problem in society, it was primarily framed as a problem for the media elite. An event will be considered highly newsworthy and will end up on the media´s agenda if it is, among others, unexpected, sensational and somehow focused on an elite group. A news story is more likely to turn into a media avalanche if it raises interest and engages a large audience, as it leads to an increased demand for more articles in the news reporting.

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No. of bitstreams: 1 SILVA_Maria_Aparecida_2017.pdf: 47945867 bytes, checksum: 7d1b11040cb7c21ff728a13770413da2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-21 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / The present work presents a research of the area of education, in a more specific field of Teacher Training. The research uses Fanzine, here configured as an autobiographical narrative (biograficzine) as an investigative (and formative) device, bringing as a theme the professional identities of the teachers of a public school. The problem that guides the development of this work is the following question: how do the teachers of a public school perceive their professional identities from the production of fanzines? The importance of investigating this question comes from the perspective of understanding the process of becoming a teacher, considering the perception that the teachers have about their professional identities. The research aims to investigate how the teachers of a public school perceive their professional identities to understand how they became teachers. To answer this objective the study was structured from a qualitative perspective and used for the production of data the production of fanzines associated with (biographical) biographical narratives, the biograficzine; The analysis of this material was done through the Peirceana semiotics, discussed in the perspective of professional teacher identities. Finally, interviews were also made to complement the final analysis. As a theoretical-methodological foundation, the contributions of Dubar (1995, 2005, 2009) are considered to support the issue of professional identities, admitting that the idea of identity as an "identity form" is configured in social and work relations and that identities professionals build and rebuild throughout existence. For the understanding of becoming a teacher, it became necessary to carry out another movement, together with the teachers. For this, I appropriate the theoretical basis developed by Nóvoa (2007, 2009), in which he advocates teacher training centered in two dimensions: the personal and the professional, in which he suggests five proposals: Practices, Profession, Person, Sharing and Public. The development of the analyzes of the biograficzines had as theoretical support Santaella (1983, 1989, 1995, 2008), admitting the analytical potential of the semiotics to analyze the biograficzines produced. The results obtained with the production of data demonstrate a group of teachers with teaching identities in which, in their acts of belonging, in the identity they attribute to themselves, they seek autonomy, threatened by the devaluation of the profession, but try to break with the acts attributed by institutions. The understanding of becoming a teacher is related to the importance of becoming aware of relationships within the school and communication with the outside world. / O presente trabalho apresenta uma pesquisa da área da educação, de maneira mais específica campo da Formação de Professores. A pesquisa se utiliza do Fanzine, aqui configurado como uma narrativa autobiográfica (biograficzine) como dispositivo investigativo (e formativo), trazendo como temática as identidades profissionais dos docentes de uma escola pública. A problemática que orienta o desenvolvimento deste trabalho parte do seguinte questionamento: como os professores de uma escola pública percebem suas identidades profissionais a partir da produção de fanzines? A importância de investigar essa questão se dá na perspectiva de compreender o processo de tornar-se professor, considerando a percepção que os docentes têm sobre suas identidades profissionais. A pesquisa tem como objetivos investigar como os professores de uma escola pública percebem suas identidades profissionais para compreender como se tornaram professores. Para responder a esse objetivo, o estudo se estruturou a partir da perspectiva qualitativa e utiliza para a produção de dados a produção de fanzines associados às narrativas (auto)biográficas, o biograficzine. A análise desse material foi feita através da semiótica Peirceana, discutidos na perspectiva das identidades profissionais docentes. Por fim, foram também feitas entrevistas para complementar a análise final. Como fundamentação teórico-metodológica consideram-se as contribuições de Dubar (1995, 2005, 2009) para fundamentar a temática das identidades profissionais, admitindo que a ideia de identidade como “forma identitária” se configura nas relações sociais e de trabalho e que as identidades profissionais se constroem e reconstroem ao longo da existência. Para a compreensão do tornar-se docente, tornou-se necessário realizar outro movimento, juntamente com os professores, para isso me aproprio da base teórica desenvolvida por Nóvoa (2007, 2009), no qual ele defende uma formação do professor centrada em duas dimensões: o pessoal e o profissional; no qual ele sugere cinco propostas: Práticas, Profissão, Pessoa, Partilha e Público. O desenvolvimento das análises dos biograficzines teve como sustentação teórica Santaella (1983, 1989, 1995, 2008), admitindo o potencial analítico da semiótica para analisar os biograficzines produzidos. Os resultados atingidos com a produção de dados demonstra um grupo de professores com identidades docentes nas quais, em seus atos de pertença, na identidade que atribuem a si, buscam autonomia, ameaçada pela desvalorização da profissão, mas que tentam romper com os atos atribuídos pelas instituições julgadoras, regulamentadoras. A compreensão de tornar-se professor está relacionado à importância de se conscientizar das relações dentro da escola e da comunicação com o exterior.

Meningen med LIV1: Semiotisk karaktärsdesign för animation är en rapport skriven för ett examensprojekt utfört av Kaj Banfather och Kristofer Johansson som studerar Medie- och kommunikationsvetenskap: Visuell kommunikation och design vid Karlstads universitet. Projektets uppdragsgivare var organisationen Fryshuset, där en animation som beskriver ett av deras många sociala projekt LIV1, som går ut på att belysa det positiva med etnisk, kulturell och religiös mångfald, skulle skapas. För att gå i linje med Fryshusets värderingar och målet med LIV1 blev det därför av stor vikt att designa de karaktärer som skulle komma att finnas i animationen på ett etiskt sätt som inte förstärker stereotyper. Med teori om stereotyper och banal nationalism utforskades även idén om förekomsten av banala stereotyper. Stereotypa representationer som blivit så pass normaliserade att de ofta inte ses som direkt kontroversiella. För att identifiera de tecken och koder som kom att användas (eller undvikas) för att representera etniska och kulturella minoriteter utan att bygga på befintliga stereotyper, vare sig banala eller inte, utfördes en semiotisk analys av de två populära, svenska TV-serierna Bonusfamiljen och Torpederna. Analysen utfördes genom att undersöka tecken inom kategorierna det estetiska, beteende och kontextualitet. Resultatet visade att kontextualitet var avgörande för hur etniska minoriteter representeras i de båda serierna. När narrativet kretsar kring vad som ska föreställa svenska familjeliv och de relationer och konflikter som förekommer där, visade det sig att etniska minoriteter fick betydligt mindre betydelsefulla roller och därmed kortare skärmtid. När det istället handlade om kriminalitet ökade skärmtiden för etniska minoriteter då de fick viktigare roller, men detta kopplades starkt till att de representerades som kriminella. Beträffande det estetiska och beteende påträffades inga större avvikelser mer än att etniska minoriteter oftare observerades med våldsamma beteenden, men enbart i den serie som handlade om kriminalitet. Även detta kopplades till kontextualitet och hur etniska minoriteter oftare representerades som kriminella då det övergripande var de brottsliga karaktärerna som iakttogs utföra våldshandlingar. Slutresultatet diskuterades i koppling till de nämnda teorierna och även tidigare forskning om representationer av etniska minoriteter och karaktärsdesign. För att undvika att förstärka stereotyper designades karaktärer utifrån undersökningens resultat. De fyra, unga karaktärerna fick därför olika etniciteter och en jämnare fördelning av skärmtid. De placerades även i kreativa miljöer och representerades med intressen därefter för att motverka stereotypen av att etniska minoriteter oftare är kriminella. / The meaning of LIV1: Semiotic character design for animation is a report written for a graduation project by Kaj Banfather and Kristofer Johansson who studies Media and Communication Studies: Visual Communication and Design at Karlstad University. The project's commissioner was the organisation Fryshuset, where an animation describing one of their many social projects, LIV1, that aims to highlight the positive effects of ethnic, cultural and religious diversity, was to be created. To keep in line with Fryshuset's values ​​and the objective of LIV1, it was therefore important to design the characters that would exist in the animation in an ethical way that did not amplify stereotypes. With theories concerning stereotypes and banal nationalism the report also explored the idea of ​​the existence of banal stereotypes. Stereotypical representations that have become normalised to the extent that they are often not seen as directly controversial. To identify the signs and codes that came to be used (or avoided) to represent ethnic and cultural minorities without building on existing stereotypes, whether banal or not, a semiotic analysis of the two popular Swedish television series Bonusfamiljen and Torpederna was performed. The analysis was conducted by examining signs within the categories the aesthetics, behaviour and contextuality. The results showed that contextuality often was crucial for the representation of ethnic minorities in both series. When the narrative revolves around what is supposed to represent Swedish family life and the relationships and conflicts that occur within that, it turned out that ethnic minorities gained significantly less important roles and thus, shorter screen time. When crime was the main topic, screen time for ethnic minorities increased as they were assigned more important roles, but this was linked to being represented as criminals. Regarding the aesthetics and behaviour, no major discrepancies were found more than that ethnic minorities more often were observed with violent behaviours, but only in the series revolving crime. This was also linked to contextuality and how ethnic minorities more often were represented as criminals and how criminal characters mostly were the ones observed to carry out acts of violence. The final results were discussed through the perspectives of the mentioned theories and also previous research on representations of ethnic minorities and character design. In order to avoid enhancing stereotypes, characters were designed based on the results of the analysis. The four young characters therefore received different ethnicities and a more even distribution of screen time. They were also placed in creative environments and then represented with the interests to counteract the stereotype that ethnic minorities more often are criminals.

This diploma thesis will focus on music, film, literature and visual arts of Islamic coun-tries, as a material that leaves the original cultural and religious context and is being "sent" to be received in the context of the stabilised Western culture. Guided by her own judgment, the author of this diploma thesis shall select the most important and inte-resting artists who were born or are still living in one of the Islamic countries. And she will further interpret their work in terms of their influence and impact on the Western culture. As to the methodological approach, this diploma thesis is based on the concept of the cultural transfer, as it has been examined and defined in cultural studies in recent decades.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:08:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AnaCNS_DISSERT.pdf: 2183289 bytes, checksum: c8527c2e28e4f1700b0497a6bd04e99c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-01-31 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / Analisam-se as oito fotografias produzidas no Brasil, componentes da obra O ber?o da desigualdade (2009), cuja autoria ? de Sebasti?o Salgado (imagens e legendas) e Cristovam Buarque (textos po?ticos), buscando apresentar possibilidades interpretativas de signos mediadores de problem?ticas sociais. Al?m das fotografias, tamb?m se consideram os escritos complementares das imagens, que em conjunto discutem a tem?tica da desigualdade socioeducacional no mundo. Delineia-se uma an?lise cr?tica dos signos imagens, legendas e textos po?ticos , refletindo-se sobre a ocorr?ncia da semiose no processo interpretativo e a representa??o da sociedade por meio destes textos. A investiga??o baseia-se na semi?tica de Peirce especificamente na Teoria dos Interpretantes na linguagem fotogr?fica e na teoria da imagem. Considera-se relevante a linguagem como interface entre o ser social e a sociedade para a percep??o do campo s?cio-comunicacional. A fotografia pode at? n?o ser vista como uma ferramenta de transforma??o social, mas pode ser compreendida como um signo componente do movimento de transforma??o, sendo carregada de potencialidades influenciadoras do pensamento e das a??es humanas quer culturais, quer ideol?gicas

Nessa pesquisa apresentamos uma proposta didática pautada no uso da literatura no ensino de ciências a partir do uso de um gênero literário específico, o romance policial juvenil, no ensino da Investigação Científica. A obra utilizada como modelo é O caso da borboleta Atíria de Lúcia Machado de Almeida, que possui um enredo pautado em mistério e investigação policial e faz parte da Série Vaga Lume da editora Ática. As obras literárias que compõe a Série estão presentes nas salas de aula e bibliotecas escolares, desde a década de setenta e fazem parte do repertório de leitura de muitos alunos atualmente. Além disso, elas estão repletas de conteúdos que permeiam várias áreas do conhecimento. Um dos procedimentos utilizados de análise da obra foi o uso da semiótica de Greimas (1976) que procura estabelecer as relações sintáxicas no interior de um texto, podendo auxiliar em um trabalho de interpretação mais profunda. Também realizamos a análise do discurso tendo como aporte teórico Maingueneau (2006), que estabelece parâmetros que nos permitem avaliar as principais características e as condições de êxito para os gêneros do discurso, estudando o processo de produção da obra, tendo como base o contexto sociocultural, evidenciando elementos a serem considerados no processo de ensino-aprendizagem relacionados à estrutura da obra e ao contexto sociocultural em que ela está inserida. Com essas análises, notamos que a obra tem como foco a busca do conhecimento por meio da investigação, possibilitando a elaboração de propostas didáticas para o ensino da Investigação Científica. Sendo assim, elaboramos propostas didáticas com o uso da obra para a abordagem da investigação científica no ensino de ciências voltadas para nível do Ensino Fundamental II. Essas propostas foram aplicadas em uma escola da cidade de São Paulo com o objetivo de reformular e aprimorar as propostas, possibilitando seu uso em diversos contextos escolares de forma interdisciplinar. / In this research we propose a guided didactic use of literature in science education from the use of a specific literary genre, the crime novel, in Scientific Research\'s teaching. The book O caso da borboleta Atíria was used as a model, written by Lucia Machado de Almeida, in which story is based in mystery and police investigation and is part of the publisher Ática, in Vaga Lume collection. The Literary that make up this collection are present in classrooms and school libraries since the seventies and are part of the repertoire of many students currently reading. Moreover, they are filled with content that permeate many areas of knowledge. One of the procedures used for analysis of the work was the use of semiotics of Greimas (1976) who seeks to establish syntactic relations within a text, and may help in a deeper interpretation work. We also conducted the analysis of discourse based in Maingueneau\'s theory (2006), which sets parameters that allow us to assess the main characteristics and the conditions of success for speech genres, studying the production process of the work, based on the social and culture contexts, showing elements to be considered in the process of teaching and learning related to the structure of the work and to the context in which it is embedded. With those analyses, we note that the work has a focus on to the search for knowledge through research, allowing the preparation of didactic proposals for the Scientific Research teaching. Thus, we elaborate didactic proposals using the book to approach scientific research in science teaching aimed at the elementary school. These proposals have been implemented in a school in the city of São Paulo in order to reshape and refine the proposals, enabling its use in different school contexts in an interdisciplinary way.

The aim of this dissertation is to characterize the development of the press in the district of Pelhřimov between the years 1948 and 1989 on the geographical, political, social and cultural background in Czechoslovakia as well as this concrete region. On the ground of available material the dissertation also adumbrates the management of a regional newspaper office and the work there. The attention is paid on the main district periodical. The first chapter of the dissertation offers a picture of the historical background of that time as well as the management of printed newspapers in Czechoslovakia. The regional affairs are set in a deeper context. The second chapter devotes a detailed description of political, economical, social, cultural and sports events in the district of Pelhřimov and their reflexion in the press. The main constituent of this chapter is an overview of the district periodicals raging from Týdeník Cesta vysočinou, Hlas Vysočiny, Vesnické noviny Pelhřimovska, Pelhřimovské noviny to Nástup and Hlas Vysočiny in 1990. In the last chapter there is an attempt to analyse the content of the newspapers in the district of Pelhřimov from the semiotic point of view. This chapter also points out basic principles of the work with themes and miscellaneous curiosities which appeared in the...

(in English): This diploma thesis focus of portrayal of man and woman in lifestyle magazines on the Internet and on the social network Instagram. The theoretical part describes history and a role of the image, respectively photography, in the Western world and its development. It also deals with the theme of stereotypes and changes of representation of man and woman in the second half of the 20th century and the beginning of the 21st century. The next part discusses types of visual analyzes concentrating on qualitative semiotic analysis. This analysis is used for the selected images in the practical part. The practical part analyzes 400 images from selected Czech and American women's and men's lifestyle magazines and their accounts on the social network Instagram. The analysis reveals differences between contributions to Instagram and magazine pages and in the each media itself. It also identifies how women and men are portrayed in the selected media and if the stereotypes described in the practical part have disappeared in the context of the ongoing transformation of the position and roles of men and women in society, especially if the emancipation of women has had any effect.

This thesis deals with visual communication in the form of photography. Explaining the theories of Roland Barthes and Vilém Flusser we point out the tight relationship of this medium with reality that obscures its constructive character. The witness role of photography seems to be essential in the context of journalism, where we are offered a story by the pictures that is however mistaken for reality itself. The thesis tries to present practices of media discourse that make us perceive an event as newsworthy. It draws on the theory of news values and the methods of social semiotic analysis and applies these to the winning photos of the contest Czech Press Photo (2006-2015). We highlight the semiotic resources used in the meaning-making process in relation to each picture. The results show that the preferred constructed news values are negativity, aesthetic appeal, proximity and personalisation and that the winning photographs mostly strengthen their semblance of being strictly informative.