O objetivo deste trabalho é propor um instrumento de medição de desempenho em Comunidades Virtuais de Aprendizagem (CVA). Para isso foram utilizadas as variáveis da teoria do capital social. Todo o trabalho está direcionado à construção de uma matriz composta pelas variáveis: (a) capital social estrutural, sob o enfoque econômico, aqui relacionado aos fatores de infra-estrutura tecnológica e utilização de ambientes virtuais, bem como às políticas de incentivo ao uso de recursos de Tecnologia da Informação; (b) capital social cognitivo, gerado por meio da criação da cultura virtual e (c) coesão social sob o enfoque ações coletivas, analisadas a partir da interação e colaboração entre seus participantes no tocante à promoção de tais ações. A pesquisa parte do pressuposto de que a geração de conhecimento em ambientes virtuais de aprendizagem está relacionada à alfabetização digital e à conseqüente utilização dos ambientes virtuais pelos participantes da comunidade em estudo. A metodologia está fundamentada na análise etnográfica do ambiente estudado, nas técnicas de coleta por meio de questionário, bem como na análise da construção de um discurso do sujeito coletivo. Uma visão estruturada dessas questões relativas ao desempenho de uma CVA está representada na Matriz do Capital Social resultante. Esta visão converge para os requisitos almejados nas análises de desempenho, ou seja para o estabelecimento de metas de gestão e a avaliação de seus resultados. / This paper has the objective of proposing a measuring tool for performances in Virtual Learning Communities (VLC). For this purpose, variables of the theory of social capital have been used. The whole work heads for the building of a matrix with the following variables: a) structural social capital under economic focus, here related to factors such as technological infra-structure and the use of virtual environments, as well as policies to encourage the use of resources of Information Technology (IT); b) cognitive social capital, generated through the creation of virtual culture, and c) social cohesion under the focus of social actions, analyzed from the point of view of the interaction and cooperation of their participants in respect to the promotion of such actions. The research starts from the presupposition that knowledge generation in virtual learning environments is related to digital literacy, and the use of virtual environments by the participants of the studied community is a consequence. The methodology is based on the ethnographic analysis of the environment under study, on the techniques of collecting data through questionnaires, as well as on the analysis of the construction of a discourse of a collective subject. A structured view of these questions related to the performance of a VLC is represented in the resulting Social Capital Matrix. This view converges to the requisites desired in the different performance analyses or, in other words, to the establishment of management goals and the assessment of their results.

O objetivo deste trabalho é propor um instrumento de medição de desempenho em Comunidades Virtuais de Aprendizagem (CVA). Para isso foram utilizadas as variáveis da teoria do capital social. Todo o trabalho está direcionado à construção de uma matriz composta pelas variáveis: (a) capital social estrutural, sob o enfoque econômico, aqui relacionado aos fatores de infra-estrutura tecnológica e utilização de ambientes virtuais, bem como às políticas de incentivo ao uso de recursos de Tecnologia da Informação; (b) capital social cognitivo, gerado por meio da criação da cultura virtual e (c) coesão social sob o enfoque ações coletivas, analisadas a partir da interação e colaboração entre seus participantes no tocante à promoção de tais ações. A pesquisa parte do pressuposto de que a geração de conhecimento em ambientes virtuais de aprendizagem está relacionada à alfabetização digital e à conseqüente utilização dos ambientes virtuais pelos participantes da comunidade em estudo. A metodologia está fundamentada na análise etnográfica do ambiente estudado, nas técnicas de coleta por meio de questionário, bem como na análise da construção de um discurso do sujeito coletivo. Uma visão estruturada dessas questões relativas ao desempenho de uma CVA está representada na Matriz do Capital Social resultante. Esta visão converge para os requisitos almejados nas análises de desempenho, ou seja para o estabelecimento de metas de gestão e a avaliação de seus resultados. / This paper has the objective of proposing a measuring tool for performances in Virtual Learning Communities (VLC). For this purpose, variables of the theory of social capital have been used. The whole work heads for the building of a matrix with the following variables: a) structural social capital under economic focus, here related to factors such as technological infra-structure and the use of virtual environments, as well as policies to encourage the use of resources of Information Technology (IT); b) cognitive social capital, generated through the creation of virtual culture, and c) social cohesion under the focus of social actions, analyzed from the point of view of the interaction and cooperation of their participants in respect to the promotion of such actions. The research starts from the presupposition that knowledge generation in virtual learning environments is related to digital literacy, and the use of virtual environments by the participants of the studied community is a consequence. The methodology is based on the ethnographic analysis of the environment under study, on the techniques of collecting data through questionnaires, as well as on the analysis of the construction of a discourse of a collective subject. A structured view of these questions related to the performance of a VLC is represented in the resulting Social Capital Matrix. This view converges to the requisites desired in the different performance analyses or, in other words, to the establishment of management goals and the assessment of their results.

Le capital social joue un rôle disputé, mais toujours essentiel dans une société. Derrière le capital social se profile le pouvoir: celui qui détient la majorité des parts ou des actions détient le contrôle réel de la société. Les opérations sur le capital social désignent donc en réalité les opérations de pouvoir entre les associés ou actionnaires au cours de la vie sociale. C'est la raison pour laquelle les opérations sur le capital social suscitent l’intérêt des juristes et des praticiens, tant en France qu'en Chine.Or, le régime de capital social qui a été établi par la même idée présente beaucoup de différences dans les systèmes juridiques français et chinois. Notre recherche se concentrera donc sur la présentation de la différence entre les deux systèmes juridiques, en analysant les raisons sous-jacentes sous un angle juridique, social, et culturel. A part ces différences, en espérant pouvoir faire progresser le régime chinois sur les opérations de capital social, la présente étude tentera de s’interroger sur la question de savoir comment le droit chinois des sociétés peut inspirer le droit français des sociétés en ce domaine. De façon plus générale, comment le capital social devrait-il se présenter dans les deux systèmes juridiques? Notre étude comparative s'effectuera en visant les trois opérations essentielles sur le capital social: les augmentations de capital social, les réductions de capital social et le rachat de droits sociaux, tout en souhaitant également pouvoir favoriser les investisseurs mutuels dans les investissements transnationaux. / The social capital plays a role disputed, but always essential in a company. Behind the social capital the power is profiled : the person who holds the majority of parts or actions holds the real control of the company. Thus the operations of the social capital indicate in reality the operations of the power between the associates or shareholders during the social life. This is why the operations of the social capital arouse the interest of the jurists and the practitioners, both in France and in China.However, the regime of social capital, which was established with the same idea presents many differences between the French and Chinese legal systems. Our research will thus concentrate on the presentation of the difference between the two legal systems, by analyzing the subjacent reasons under a legal, social and cultural angle. Apart from these differences, while hoping to be able to make progress the Chinese regime of the operations of social capital, the present study will attempt to consider the question of how the Chinese company law can inspire French company law in this field. More generally, how the capital social should be present in both legal systems ?Our comparative study will be done by aiming at three essential operations on the social capital: increases of social capital, reductions of social capital, and the repurchase of social rights, while also wishing to be able to support mutual investors in the transnational investments.

The aim of this study is to investigate how women who came to Sweden as unaccompanied children experienced their entry into the Swedish labor market based on six qualitative interviews with woman in the age range of 24-32. The interviews were analyzed and interpreted using social capital as a theory. The results show that the informants turned to their friends consisting of other unaccompanied children, and that this network provided security and answers especially in the beginning of their stay in Sweden. Furthermore, our results show that bonding social capital played an important part as an enabler to search for contacts outside the network. All respondents report that it is difficult to get to know Swedes. The respondents did not attribute any significant importance to their social worker but they all emphasized that a significant key to enter the labour market is to learn the Swedish language.

The trauma and devastation that resulted from Hurricane Katrina's landfall on August 29, 2005, produced a wide spread public perception of government neglect and ineptitude. Subsequently, a period of nationwide shame and concern for those most affected by the disaster elicited a wave of financial generosity from all social sectors. Yet, by late 2005 the media declared that the majority of Americans had become desensitized to the tragedy and its consequences, coining this shift in public perception as "Katrina fatigue." Thousands of volunteers contradicted this phenomenon, however, by performing service in the devastated city of New Orleans. Long-term volunteers defied "Katrina fatigue" by redirecting the trajectory of their lives so they could provide service. Conventionally accepted volunteer theory predicts that volunteers provide service and that their labor operates in conjunction with institutionally supported mechanisms of security and services. / However, for the volunteer subjects in this study, Katrina and its immediate aftermath shattered the trust in such institutions. These volunteers did not assume that their service operated in conjunction with state sponsored agencies or corporations. Rather, they viewed their own acts of service as the means of promoting the recovery. This qualitative case study examines the deliberated choices and actions performed by long-term volunteers between the years 2005 and 2009. The primary subjects in this investigation include 15 volunteers who performed long-term and/or repeat delegations of service within organized networks. Volunteer subjects believed that if they did not perform the services they did, these services might not get done. Volunteers internalized contours of the larger political economy and their own perceived role within them. Performing service functioned partially to counteract this internalization and simultaneously redirect their lives. / Second Line, a New Orleans street tradition of neighborhood processions, reveals more of what drives the long-term volunteer's desire. The root practice of Second Line processions embodies a form of cognitive liberation for the disenfranchised as the processions interrupt normal arrangements of order and power in the city, albeit temporarily. Volunteers desire to connect with poor and working class Black people in this capacity, and their attempts to do so played out in contexts that sometimes disrupted institutional or corporate power, constituting a demand for change on behalf of Katrina victims. / by Susan D'Aloia. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Florida Atlantic University, 2011. / Includes bibliography. / Electronic reproduction. Boca Raton, Fla., 2011. Mode of access: World Wide Web. FboU

Xiang, Xiaoling. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2011. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 104-117). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Acknowledgements --- p.ii / List of Tables --- p.vii / List of Figures --- p.viii / Abstract --- p.ix / Chapter Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter Chapter 2 --- Literature Review and Conceptual Framework --- p.4 / Positive Youth Development --- p.4 / Positive Youth Development: An Introduction --- p.4 / Conceptualizing PYD: A Multidimensional Construct --- p.6 / Inter-relationship between and among the Selected PYD Attributes --- p.11 / Conceptualizing Social Capital in Relation to Youth Wellbeing --- p.14 / "Contributions of Coleman, Putnam, and Bourdieu" --- p.15 / The Working Definition of Social Capital in this Study --- p.18 / The Social Capital Framework --- p.22 / The Effect of Social Capital on Youth Development Outcomes --- p.23 / Theoretical Links --- p.23 / Empirical Evidence --- p.25 / Effects of Socio-Demographic Variables --- p.35 / Limitations in the Literature --- p.36 / The Conceptual Model of Social Capital and PYD --- p.39 / Summary of Definitions of Terms in the Study --- p.39 / The Conceptual Model of Social Capital and PYD --- p.40 / Chapter Chapter 3 --- Methods --- p.43 / Data Source: the GRF Project --- p.43 / Overview of the Methodology in the current study --- p.45 / Research Questions and Hypotheses of the Study --- p.46 / Sampling Procedures and Participants of the Current Study --- p.47 / Missing Data --- p.49 / Measures --- p.51 / Demographic Variables --- p.52 / Social Capital Variables --- p.53 / PYD Variables --- p.57 / Data Analysis Plan --- p.59 / Chapter Chapter 4 --- Results --- p.62 / Preliminary Analysis --- p.62 / Sample Demographics --- p.62 / Descriptive Characteristics of the Key Variables --- p.64 / Main Analysis --- p.66 / Test of Measurement Model --- p.68 / Test of Structural Model --- p.71 / Summary of Findings --- p.80 / Chapter Chapter 5 --- Discussion --- p.82 / Summary of the Study --- p.82 / Discussions of Findings --- p.85 / Socio-demographic Characteristics and Social Capital Functioning --- p.85 / Social Capital and PYD --- p.90 / Contributions --- p.94 / Implications for Practice and Policy --- p.96 / Limitations and Future Directions --- p.99 / Conclusion --- p.102 / References --- p.104 / Appendices --- p.118 / Appendix A English Translated Version of Items Measuring Social Capital --- p.118 / Appendix B English Translated Version of Items Measuring PYD --- p.119

In Scotland, current policy aims to produce work ready young people with relevant enterprise and employment skills. However, many are caught in a repetitive cycle of short term work placements with large numbers of young people still not at work or in education. Accordingly, this study was concerned with social capital in respect of young people’s outcomes from engaging with a youth work project, that was designed to encourage enterprise and employability skills. Using qualitative data drawn from a single site case study, this research develops an understanding of the extent to which different forms of social capital influenced young people’s outcomes. The thesis sets out a theoretical position that draws from Archer’s understanding of critical realism and social capital theory based on the works of Putnam, Coleman and Bourdieu. This approach suggests that the complex interactions between social structures, identities, material resources and cultural forms, enable or inhibit the emergence of social capital practices. An action research approach was applied and empirical work was based on observations and reflections of young people participating in an enterprise challenge. Data were collected via questionnaires, professional discussions and the observations and analysis of relevant documents. Overall findings illustrate the emergence of bonding, bridging and linking social capital in addition to identity, economic and cultural capital developments. However, changes within social structure were the hardest to detect. Whilst there are indicators of young people’s improved outcomes, findings suggest that conditioned socio-cultural stereotypes in respect of gender and class may be limiting opportunities. Shared reflexive practices and linking social capital may however provide opportunities to disrupt, and create new pathways, but should be treated with caution. Youth workers can develop and extend the reach of young people’s social capital practices and the thesis concludes by presenting a set of general recommendations that might serve to facilitate change.

Blogging is a recent phenomenon with research currently focusing on how it facilitates both personal and organisational knowledge exchange (Aimeur, Brassard & Paquet 2005; Hsu & Lin 2008). Social capital is shown to be a crucial factor facilitating knowledge transfer (Nahapiet and Ghoshal 1998). Blogging is a new social communication technology enabling individuals to collaborate and share knowledge. This research investigates how three dimensions of social capital affect individual knowledge sharing in weblog communities. In particular, it explores how individuals exploit weblogs as a tool for conversational knowledge management in educational institutions. Following Wasko & Faraj's (2005) study, the conceptual model is developed by setting eight independent variables from social capital dimensions and a dependent variable is set from individual behaviour in online knowledge sharing. Eight hypotheses are developed to test the relationship between these variables. A quantitative approach was applied for data collection and analysis. For data collection, an online survey was published in several Australian university weblog communities. An additional paper-based survey was distributed to the respondents in order to gain adequate sample size. For data analysis, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was applied to eliminate measurement items that shared a significant residual value with other measurement items. Further, the models obtained from confirmatory factor analysis were used to test the hypotheses by multiple regression analysis. Results from multiple regression analysis on online knowledge sharing suggest that trust, personal reputation and enjoy helping are positively associated with individual online knowledge sharing. The stepwise estimation procedure was further adapted in the regression model. The results show that four independent variables became significant to the study. These four significant variables were individual expertise, trust, personal reputation and enjoy helping. Lastly, several limitations in this study such as the sample of university online setting and respondents' activities on weblogs are discussed. These limitations lead to the direction of future research provided in conclusion of this study.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Mississippi State University. Department of Sociology, Anthropology and Social Work. / Title from title screen. Includes bibliographical references.

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No. of bitstreams: 1 CUNHA JOGB 2013.pdf: 4469310 bytes, checksum: 898165645da811556fe9c43e58f17388 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-07-30 / Inserido na linha de pesquisa “Família e Sociedade”, esta tese tem por objetivo apresentar o Capital Social e familiar como instrumentos relevantes na geração de políticas sociais efetivas para o combate à pobreza, bem como para o empoderamento de grupos comunitários pobres na busca da superação das suas dificuldades, atuando os seus membros de forma solidária e cooperativa em prol do bem comum. Para tanto, tomou-se como fundamento o estudo do Capital Social, da pobreza e da família, três categorias que ocupam notáveis dimensões nos estudos das Ciências Sociais em particular e em quase todas as demais áreas do conhecimento. O Capital Social, que assume centralidade neste trabalho de tese, revestiu-se do significado que possui hoje somente a partir dos anos 1980 e foi examinado amplamente quanto à sua própria existência, seus conceitos, seu paradigma em construção na direção da maturidade, seu modelo analítico e suas aplicações no mundo real, sua aproximação com a economia e a psicologia, com a contribuição de um grande número de autores, nacionais e internacionais, apontando para o combate à pobreza e fazendo jus à sua condição de instrumento que corporifica o objeto da pesquisa. Já a abordagem da pobreza foi concebida em torno de dois eixos: o primeiro trata a pobreza como um problema para o conhecimento, envolvendo as diversas concepções em torno do tema e trazendo mensurações que dão uma ideia aproximada da sua amplitude e gravidade, e apontam na direção das medidas concretas e de programas orientados para o seu enfrentamento efetivo; o segundo eixo consiste em trabalhar a pobreza como um problema para a ação, compreendendo a proteção social e as políticas públicas que erigiram a sua redução quantitativa como um importante elemento da atuação do Estado e de outras organizações nesse campo específico. Foram examinados textos de autores que estudaram a temática no âmbito das variadas áreas do conhecimento que representam, levantando-se dados e informações a respeito de programas e projetos comunitários bem sucedidos, virtuosos, de superação da pobreza, mediante o uso do Capital Social, tanto no Brasil quanto em outros países, sintetizando-se esse processo de enfrentamento do problema como uma questão inserida na luta pelos direitos humanos e pela sustentabilidade econômica-social-ambiental no planeta. A família, que no período pós-guerra chegou a ser considerada uma instituição ultrapassada, por falta de funcionalidade, nos tempos modernos retomou o seu papel como sujeito social indispensável para acolher e cuidar de crianças e idosos, como referência para seus membros e parceira imprescindível para a implantação de políticas públicas/sociais. Ressalte-se a centralidade da família para o planejamento e a execução de projetos de vida, ponto inicial para que se possa vislumbrar um combate efetivo à pobreza. O projeto de vida tem como objetivos imediatos a melhoria dos níveis de educação, saúde, moradia e emprego e situa-se em direta oposição às estratégias de sobrevivência, que se preocupam unicamente com as necessidades imediatas. A família se reveste de papel fundamental na composição deste trabalho de tese, em especial quanto à abordagem do potencial construtivo do que tem sido denominado Capital Social Familiar, uma noção ainda embrionária com perspectivas promissoras no tocante ao combate à pobreza, através dos bens relacionais produzidos pelas relações pessoais, próprias e únicas, estabelecidas pelos membros da família no seu âmbito e no contexto comunitário em que se encontra estabelecida / Inserted in the research line "Family and Society", this thesis aims to present the social and family capital as important tools in the generation of effective social policies to combat poverty and to empower poor community groups in the effort to overcome its difficulties, with its members acting in solidarity and cooperative towards the common good. To do so, we took as basis the study of capital, poverty and family, representing three categories that occupy remarkable dimensions in the study of social sciences in particular, and in almost all other areas of knowledge. The capital, which is a central thesis of this paper, lined up the importance it has today only since the 1980s and has been widely examined as to their existence, their concepts, paradigm in building toward maturity, model analytical and applications in the real world, with the contribution of a large number of authors, national and international, pointing to the fight against poverty and living up to their status instrument that embodies the object of research. Already addressing poverty was designed around two axes: the first deals with poverty as a problem for knowledge, involving different concepts around the topic and bringing measurements that give an approximate idea of their extent and significance, and point the direction of the concrete measures and programs geared to their effective coping. The second axis consists of working poverty as a problem for the action, including social protection and public policies that build their quantitative reduction as an important element of the performance of State and other organizations in that particular field. We examined texts by important authors who have studied the subject in the context of various areas of knowledge they represent, rising data and information about community programs and projects successful, virtuous, to overcome poverty through the use of social capital, both in Brazil and in other countries, synthesizing this process of dealing with the problem as a matter inserted in the struggle for human rights and sustainable economic-social-environmental on the planet. The family, who in the postwar period came to be regarded as an outdated institution, for lack of functionality in modern times has resumed its role as a social subject indispensable to welcome and care for children and the elderly, as a reference for its members and partner essential for the implementation of public policy / social. It is worth noting the importance of family planning and execution of projects of life, starting point so you can glimpse an effective fight against poverty. The life project aims to immediate improvement of education, health, housing and employment and is located in direct opposition to the survival strategies that are concerned only with the immediate needs. The family is of fundamental role in the composition of this thesis work, especially on the approach of the constructive potential of what has been termed Family Social Capital, a still embryonic notion that shows promising perspectives in regard to fighting poverty through the relational goods produced personal relationships, own unique, established by family members in their scope and in the community context in which it is established.