This thesis analyses the rates of solidarity and equivalence in the social security system of the Czech Republic. The main subjects of the thesis are contributions paid to the social security system by its participants and merit benefits such as sickness benefits, unemployment benefits, and pensions belonging to the insured persons from the system. The main aim is to compare the amount of contributions paid into the system of pension insurance, sickness insurance and state employment policies to the merit benefits received by employees and self-employed from the system, as well as evaluate the rate of solidarity and equiva-lence between different groups of participants.

Orientador: Sergio Roberto de Lucca / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-22T07:09:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Farias_SamanthaHasegawa_M.pdf: 1856773 bytes, checksum: f7b96ea7213453c0adbb4fd4c64e3e06 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: É expressivo o número de Pessoas Portadoras de Deficiência (PPD) no Brasil e no mundo. Um dos fatores que levam ao aumento das estatísticas relacionadas a indivíduos com deficiência adquirida é o Acidente de Trabalho (AT), que pode provocar sequela permanente como amputações, comprometendo a qualidade de vida e do trabalho do trabalhador acidentado. Para possibilitar a reinserção dos acidentados no mercado de trabalho, o Instituto Nacional de Seguridade Social (INSS) mantém o Programa de Reabilitação Profissional (PRP). Objetivo: Estudar as características sociodemográficas e profissionais dos trabalhadores amputados, vítimas de AT, que receberam órtese e prótese do setor de Reabilitação Profissional do INSS e verificar as características dos acidentes de trabalho, a taxa de retorno ao mercado de trabalho formal, os fatores de sucesso e insucesso do PRP, discutir a importância da prótese como parte do processo de reinserção profissional. Métodos: O presente trabalho é um estudo transversal, descritivo, quantitativo, realizado INSS de Campinas/SP. A população de estudo foi constituída por todos os amputados inscritos na RP do INSS, no período de 2007 a 2012. Os dados foram coletados através de um levantamento de informações sócio-demográficas contidas nos prontuários dos amputados por acidente de trabalho, tais como: idade, gênero, dados da empresa, situação funcional antes e depois do acidente, utilização de recurso auxiliar para locomoção e participação no programa de reabilitação profissional. Resultados: Foram analisados 40 amputados, sendo 37 do sexo masculino. Nesta população de estudo, os adultos jovens na faixa etária de 18 a 29 anos foram os mais acometidos. O ramo de atividade que mais contribuiu para a ocorrência de AT com amputação foi o de Indústria de transformação com 30% dos casos. Em relação à ocupação dos acidentados, 60% trabalhavam na produção de bens e serviços industriais. Ocorreram 6 casos de AT com desvio de função e 10 acidentes de trajeto. A prótese foi utilizada por 38 indivíduos amputados enquanto que os demais utilizaram órteses como recurso auxiliar de locomoção. Participaram do PRP 28 amputados e, desses, 20 foram reinseridos no mercado de trabalho. Conclusão: Constatou-se que 65% dos trabalhadores protetizados foram reinseridos no mercado de trabalho. Discute-se o papel do atual modelo do PRP, que além do fornecimento de prótese ao trabalhador com sequela permanente não se evidencia o suporte psicossocial para acompanhamento e efetiva reinserção destes trabalhadores / Abstract: It is expressive the number of Persons with Disabilities (PWD) in Brazil and worldwide. One of the factors that leads to the increase of statistics related to acquired deficiency is the Occupational Accident (OA), which can cause permanent sequelae such as amputations, compromising the quality of life and work of the injured worker. To allow the reintegration of the victims into the labor market, the National Institute Of Social Security (INSS) keeps the Professional Rehabilitation Program (PRP). Objective: To study the socio demographic and professional characteristics of the amputees workers, victims of OA, who have received orthoses and prosthesis of the Professional Rehabilitation sector of INSS and verify characteristics of occupational accidents, the rate of return to the formal labor market, the success and failure factors of PRP, to discuss the importance of the prosthesis as part of the professional reintegration process. Methods: The present paper is a cross-sectional, descriptive, quantitative study conducted at the National Institute Of Social Security (INSS) in Campinas, São Paulo. The study population comprised all amputees who participated in the Professional Rehabilitation program in the period from 2007 to 2012. Data were collected through a survey on sociodemographic information contained on patient charts of occupational accident amputees, such as age, gender, company details, position before and after the accident, use of auxiliary device for ambulation and participation in the occupational rehabilitation program. Results: 40 amputees were analyzed, 37 being males. Young adults in the age group from 18 to 29 years were the main victims. The fields of activity that contributed the most to the occurrence of occupational accidents with amputation were trade, manufacturing industry with 30% of cases. Regarding the occupation of the injured, 60% worked in the production of goods and industrial services. Six cases of occupational accident occurred while performing activities not suited to the job, and ten were commuting accidents. Prosthesis was worn by 38 amputees, while the others used orthoses as an auxiliary device for ambulation. Most amputees (28) participated in the Professional Rehabilitation Program, amputees and, of these, 20 were reintegrated into the labor market. Conclusion: A was found that 65% of workers with prostheses were reinserted into the formal labor market. It discusses the role of the current model of PRP that beyond providing permanent prosthesis to the worker with permanent sequel the psychosocial support is not evident for monitoring and effective reintegration of these workers / Mestrado / Epidemiologia / Mestra em Saúde Coletiva

A inclusão dos direitos ao trabalho, à previdência social e ao meio ambiente equilibrado na categoria de direitos fundamentais ocorreu a partir de um processo histórico paulatino, que se estendeu pelos séculos. A tutela dos direitos fundamentais ao trabalho digno e à previdência social iniciou a partir de movimentos ocorridos no âmbito interno de cada Estado e foi fortemente influenciada pela Revolução Industrial, a qual transformou os meios de produção e atribuiu ao trabalhador um valor de mercado. A exploração da capacidade de trabalho e a submissão das pessoas a condições de trabalho degradantes desencadearam reivindicações que culminaram na regulamentação jurídica do trabalho e da previdência social, a fim de assegurar condições de trabalho dignas e segurança diante da ocorrência de contingências sociais. A proteção do meio ambiente iniciou a partir de movimentos internacionais, em especial com a Conferência de Estocolmo, e somente ganhou expressão quando os danos decorrentes da exploração dos recursos naturais ultrapassaram as fronteiras geográficas e ameaçaram a continuidade da vida planetária. O ambiente do trabalho, tal os ambientes natural, artificial e cultural, integra o conceito de meio ambiente, uma vez que a ambiência laboral constitui o local onde o indivíduo obtém os meios necessários para subsistir e permanece grande parte de sua vida. A ambiência laboral é um reflexo da sociedade contemporânea de risco, em que as condições dignas de trabalho são preteridas em detrimento do ganho econômico das empresas, que preferem negligenciar seus deveres a atuar preventivamente. A conduta omissa dos empregadores, expondo seus colaboradores a agentes nocivos à saúde e à integridade física e psíquica, retira do trabalhador a sua dignidade. Dentre os agentes nocivos presentes no ambiente de trabalho, ganham destaque os agentes insalubres, perigosos e penosos, bem como psicológicos, haja vista sua grande incidência e consequências altamente danosas aos trabalhadores. O meio ambiente de trabalho desequilibrado, como decorrência da exposição dos trabalhadores aos riscos ambientais, surte efeitos no sistema previdenciário. A previdência social efetivamente tem por objetivo amparar o trabalhador quando da ocorrência de contingências sociais, tais como a incapacidade laborativa e a morte, pois são eventos que retiram do indivíduo e de seus familiares a autonomia para subsistir dignamente. O sistema previdenciário brasileiro regulamenta a concessão de benefícios e de serviços aos trabalhadores vitimados por acidentes de trabalho, bem como aos seus dependentes, quais sejam: pensão por morte, aposentadoria por invalidez, auxílio-doença, auxílio-acidente e reabilitação profissional. Ocorre que, um número considerável das contingências que ocorrem na ambiência laboral decorre unicamente da conduta negligente do empregador, que acaba por transferir ao sistema previdenciário sua evidente responsabilidade, o que pode ser confirmado a partir dos levantamentos estatísticos realizados pelo Instituto Previdenciário brasileiro. / The inclusion of labor rights, social security and environmental balance in the category of fundamental rights came from a gradual historical process, which lasted for centuries. The protection of fundamental rights to decent work and social security initiated from internal movements within each state and was strongly influenced by the Industrial Revolution, which transformed the means of production and gave the employee a fair market value. The exploration work capacity and the subjection of people to degrading working conditions sparked claims that culminated in the legal regulation of labor and social security, to ensure decent working conditions and safety on the occurrence of social contingencies. The protection of the environment started from international movements, in particular the Stockholm Conference, and only found expression when the damage resulting from the exploitation of natural resources exceeded the geographical borders and threatened the continuity of planetary life. The work environment, such environments, artificial and cultural part of the concept of environment, since labor is the ambience where the individual obtains the necessary means to survive and remain a large part of his life. The ambience of work is a reflection of contemporary society at risk, in which decent work is passed over the economic gain at the expense of companies that prefer to neglect their duties to act preventively. The negligent conduct of employers, exposing its employees to health hazards and the physical and psychological integrity, the worker takes his dignity. Among the harmful agents present in the workplace, the agents are highlighted unhealthy, dangerous and painful, as well as psychological, given its prevalence and consequences highly damaging to workers. The working environment of balance, as a result of workers' exposure to environmental hazards, Surte effects on the welfare system. The social security system aims to effectively protect the worker upon the occurrence of social contingencies such as disability and death, because they remove the autonomy of the individual to survive with dignity. The Brazilian pension system regulates the granting of benefits and services to workers victimized by accidents at work, as well as their dependents, which are: death benefits, disability retirement, sickness, accident assistance and vocational rehabilitation. It happens that a considerable number of contingencies that occur in the workplace ambience derives solely from negligent conduct of the employer who ultimately transferred to the pension system their obvious responsibility, which can be confirmed from statistical surveys conducted by the Brazilian Social Security Institute.

La République Populaire de Chine a connu de nombreuses transformations juridiques économiques et sociales au cours des trois dernières décennies. L'économie socialiste de marché a fait coexister trois secteurs d'activité: public, privé et agricole. Les deux derniers ont fait l'objet d'importantes réformes ces dernières années afin d'être réincorporés dans le champ de la couverture du système de sécurité sociale. Le modèle social chinois a été fortement influencé par celui choisi par la République Française, mais doit aujourd'hui faire face à de nombreux enjeux tels que la migration interne de la population, le vieillissement de la population, la pollution, et la santé publique. Si l'accès à la sécurité sociale est considéré comme un droit fondamental par la Constitution, il n'en demeure pas moins que la loi sur la sécurité sociale entrée en vigueur le 1er juillet 2011 conditionne ce droit au développement économique et social de l'échelon local. Ainsi, il s'agit d'un droit socio-économique du citoyen chinois. La première partie de la thèse analyse les évolutions historiques et juridiques de la dualité actuelle de la couverture sociale entre le régime urbain et rural introduite par le système du hukou (livret de famille). L'analyse de la dualité actuelle de la protection sociale permet d'identifier précisément l'impact de la transformation de l'idéologie communiste du travail sur l'assujettissement à la protection sociale. Les travailleurs du secteur public et privé sont assujettis au régime urbain. Le régime des indépendants est limité au geti gongshang hu (travailleur individuel). La dualité du financement de la protection sociale impacte l'assiette des cotisations sociales tant en matière de sécurité sociale que de protection sociale complémentaire, qui conditionne l'accès aux prestations sociales des différents régimes sociaux et l'éventuel complément opéré par la protection sociale complémentaire. La première partie conclue à une situation d'exclusion encore massive de certaines catégories socio-professionnelles et ce principalement dû à la généralisation relative et à la coordination actuelle de la couverture sociale sur l'ensemble du territoire. Cette partie tient également compte de la réforme évolutive de la notion d’État de droit, dont le succès sera déterminant pour la réussite future de la généralisation de la couverture de la protection sociale. La généralisation future de la couverture de la protection sociale tient compte des contraintes géographiques et juridiques internes. La coordination de la protection sociale mise en place par l'Union Européenne et la France et ses territoires d'outre-mer sont pris comme modèle de transplantation pour tous les risques sociaux, tout en prenant en considération les caractéristiques chinoises, et les contraintes économiques et sociales internes. Enfin, la volonté du gouvernement chinois de réformer la couverture sociale implique de « dé »-multiplier les régimes particuliers. Une proposition de refonte du système de protection sociale notamment à travers la suppression de la dualité introduite par le système du hukou et l'assujettissement à la couverture sociale serait déterminé en fonction du travail réalisé par le travailleur (salarié ou indépendant) et de son secteur d'activité (public, privé ou agricole). L'opportunité de créer un régime propre aux travailleurs agricoles et aux indépendants, est également évoquée, ainsi que la nécessité d'aligner le secteur public sur celui du privé. / On the last three decades, the People's Republic of China (P.R.C) has been through legal, economic and social transformations. The economic transformation from the previous centrally planned economy to a social market economy has impacted the employment situation and Chinese legal system. China has been under deep legal reforms in order to maintain a social coverage for employees and workers in urban areas. The Chinese social security system has undergone reforms to universalize the pension insurance coverage of the population. It has to face some challenges such as: internal migration, ageing of the population, pollution and public health. If the access to Social Security is considered as a Human Right by the article 45 of the Constitution of the PRC, the current social insurance law implemented on July 1, 2011 linked the implementation of this right to the local economic and social development. Chinese citizens have a socioeconomic right to access social security. In April 2009, the Central government announced its wills to universalize the health coverage to the whole population for 2020. Giving this information, the thesis answers the following questions: Does the Chinese Social Security extend its social coverage as defined in the Convention n°102 of the International Labor Organization in 1952? How the current first pillar of social protection influences the development of the second pillar of Social protection in the P.R.C? The first part of the thesis analyses the historical and legal evolution of the social coverage introduced by the hukou system. The hukou system is the population household which divided between those belonging to the rural area and those residences in the urban area. The social coverage of urban workers has been impacted by the transformation of communist ideology of work from Mao Zedong to Deng Xiaoping. The urban resident can be divided into three categories of schemes such as: and workers' schemes for the public sector and the private sector. The independent worker scheme is only covering the geti gongshang hu on a voluntary basis. The social assistance for urban residents is following the same evolution of the asocial assistance for rural residents. The analysis of the funding is an important element to understand the good governance of Chinese social protection and how the government decided to distribute the social benefits to the population. The author finds that a part of the population is still excluded from the social coverage due to the lack of spreading of the social coverage, and its implementation to the lower local level. The current legal reform of the Rule of Law, will have an important impact on the extension of the social coverage for both pillars. The second part of the thesis moves on the legal reform needed to extend the social coverage as defined in the Convention n°102 of the International Labor Organization in 1952. In order to achieve this goal, the Chinese government needs to take into account four characteristics, such as the geographic and the legal system. The social protection coordination implemented in the Republic of France and European Union is taken as a transplantation example into the Chinese legal system. The economic and social development of China are two other characteristics which need to be considered before reforming the extension of social coverage. The author follows the current wills of the State Council and scholars on repealing the hukou system for accessing social security. The social coverage will be then determined by the worker status. In fact, this reform proposal involves the creation of a social rural scheme dedicated to workers, who are currently limited to social assistance scheme for rural residents. The opportunities to conform the public sector scheme with the private sector scheme, to extend employees social coverage to self-employed scheme are also discussed.

Coordination of social security in the EU - indexation of family benefits in the Republic of Austria As a unique system of cooperation across the European territory, social security coordination is currently facing political and legal challenges, which culminated in the ongoing legal proceedings initiated by the European Commission as a plaintiff against one of the Member States, namely the Republic of Austria. The first part of this master thesis (chapters one and two) introduces the reader to the general characteristics of coordination, its principles and its anchoring in the EU law. Part two (chapters three to five) allows the reader to learn more about the issue of indexation of (coordinated) family benefits and its history in Europe. It looks in more detail at indexation in the Republic of Austria, specifically its journey from a political idea to an application practice that conflicts with the current EU coordination arrangements, in particular the principle of equal treatment. The first chapter deals with the historical development of the idea of social security coordination, an explanation of the concept, as well as the sources of EU and international law, their scope in this field and their interrelations. The chapter concludes by tracing the link between coordination and one of the EU's...

This paper employs a three period overlapping generations' model to investigate (i) the labor supply effects of the linkage between the benefits of a pay-as-you-go social security program and the payroll taxes that finance them and (ii) the nature of the optimal linkage. The main result of the paper is that, for a given statuary tax rate, the weights that must be placed on earnings of different periods (in benefit calculation) depend on population and productivity growth rates only. This result implies that the optimal net tax rates are not uniform over the life cycle unless the economy is on its steady state golden rule path. Moreover, if the economy is on the golden rule path, the optimal net tax rates are not only uniform but also zero. The paper also demonstrates that, if preferences are additively separable, as more weight is placed on earnings when young labor supply by the young increases while labor supply by the middle-aged decreases.

The purpose of this grounded theory research was to determine what differentiates people with disabilities who leave Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI) benefits due to increased income from those who cannot. Fifteen individuals, former and current participants in a Medicaid Buy-In program, were interviewed. Within the context of health and disability, four theoretical propositions were identified: education, opportunity to work, interpersonal support, and secure housing. Higher benefit levels were also found to be an effective barrier for many.

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Although many workers have a private household as their workplace, many household employers are unaware of or fail to meet their state and federal payroll tax obligations, thus undermining the workers’ retirement income security. This dissertation uses sixty interviews with household employers and employees in the Washington, DC, area to investigate the causes and conditions of nanny tax evasion. Ethnographic fieldwork and semi-structured interviews indicate that lack of awareness, tax complexity, social norms of noncompliance, and poor personal ethics diminish payroll tax payment; concern over one’s job, personal ethics and altruistic concern for the employee motivate compliance. An analysis of limited IRS data on audits as well as data on Schedule H household employment payroll tax returns reveal that although some unpaid tax was discovered, almost as much tax paid in error was refunded, confirming the importance of complexity as a determinant of compliance. Analysis of results using Kohlberg’s stages of moral development and force field analysis of motives provides insight into employers’ decisions to pay or evade their nanny taxes. Policy recommendations emphasize increasing public awareness, tax simplification, and enforcement.

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