Magistrantūros studijų baigiamasis darbas, 69 puslapiai, 12 paveikslai, 8 lentelių, 88 literatūros šaltiniai, 11 priedų, lietuvių kalba. RAKTINIAI ŽODŽIAI: pensijos, socialinė apsauga, pensijų sistemos reforma, privatūs pensijų fondai. Tyrimo objektas – Lietuvos privatūs pensijų fondai. Darbo tikslas – įvertinti Lietuvos privačius pensijų fondus. Tyrimo uždaviniai: 1) nustatyti privačių pensijų fondų vietą pensijų sistemoje; 2) nustatyti privačių pensijų fondų svarbą kuriant gerovės valstybę; 3) atlikti privačių pensijų fondų veiklos ir vertinimo problemų analizę; 4) nustatyti pensijų fondų vertintojus ir jų vertinimo kriterijus; 5) parengti pensijų fondų įvertinimo metodiką; 6) pagal parengtą metodiką įvertinti Lietuvos privačių pensijų fondų veiklą. Tyrimo metodai - mokslinės literatūros bei loginė analizė ir sintezė, lyginamoji analizė, struktūrinė santykinė analizė, statistinių duomenų analizė ir sintezė, grafinio vaizdavimo metodas, reitingavimo metodas. / The final work of magistracy studies, 69 pages, 12 pictures, 8 tables, 88 literature sources, 11 annexes, in Lithuanian. KEY WORDS: pensions, social security, pension system reform, private pension funds. Research Target: private pension funds in Lithuania. Research aim: To evaluate private pension funds in Lithuania. Research Objectives: 1. To ascertain the location of private pension funds in pension system; 2. To ascertain the importance of private pension funds creating the welfare state; 3. To carry out the analyses of the problems determining the activity of private pension funds; 4. To establish the evaluators and their criteria for evaluating private pension funds; 5. To prepare methodics for evaluating pension funds; 6. to evaluate the activity of private pension funds in Lithuania according to the prepared methods. Research methods: logical analysis and synthesis of scientific literature, comparative analyses, structural relative analysis, analysis and synthesis of statistical data, graphical representation method, rate-making method.

SANTRAUKA Nijolė BALČIENĖ Lietuvos privačių pensijų fondų vaidmuo kuriant gerovės valstybę Magistrantūros studijų baigiamasis darbas, 68 puslapiai, 26 paveikslai, 31 lentelė, 71 literatūros šaltiniai, 5 priedai, lietuvių kalba. RAKTINIAI ŽODŽIAI: Gerovės Valstybė, senatvės pensijos, socialinė apsauga, privatūs pensijų fondai, anuitetas, investicijų pelningumas. Tyrimo objektas - Lietuvos pensijų fondai. Tyrimo dalykas – PF veiklos efektyvumas ir reikšmė kuriant gerovės valstybę priklauso nuo fondų veiklos ypatumų valstybėje, nuo dalyvių supratimo dėl savo pasirinkimo galimų pasekmių ateityje. Tyrimo tikslas – įvertinti Lietuvos pensijų fondų įtaką kuriant Gerovės Valstybę. Tyrimo tikslui pasiekti keliami šie uždaviniai : • Patikslinti pensijų fondų sąvoką ir apibūdinimą; • Nustatyti socialinės apsaugos uždavinius, kuriuos padeda spręsti privatūs pensijų fondai kuriant šalyje gerovės valstybę; • Atskleisti fondų veiklos rezultatų vertinimo rodiklių panaudojimo problemas; • Parengti privačių pensijų fondų vertinimo metodiką ir įvertinti Lietuvos pensijų fondų įtaką Gerovės valstybės kūrime per socialinės apsaugos uždavinių įgyvendinimo rezultatus; • Pateikti Lietuvos privačių pensijų fondų veiklos vertinimą. Tyrimo metodai – loginė analizė ir sintezė, literatūros analizė ir sintezė, statistinių duomenų struktūrinė ir palyginamoji analizė ir sintezė, grafinio vaizdavimo metodas, modeliavimas. / SUMMARY Nijolė BALČIENĖ Role of Lithuanian Private pension funds in Creating Welfare State Final work of University Postgraduate Studies, includes 68 pages, 26 pictures, 31 tables, 5 appendix, 71 references, Lithuanian language. KEY WORDS: Welfare State, pensions, social security, private pension funds, annuity, profitability of investments. Research object - Private pension funds in Lithuania. Research aim is to evaluate influence of private pension funds to creating Welfare State in Lithuania. Research subject – efficiency of the pension funds activity and its significance of creating Welfare State depend on the peculiarity of the funds activity in the state some as on the participants understanding of the probable consequences of their choice in the future. Objectives: 1) To specify the concept of private pension funds. 2) To perform the theoretic analysis of the social insurance models and their potential use in the practice of private pension funds. 3) To estimate potential ways of sponsorship and administration of the pension funds. 4) To frame the methodology of evaluation of private pension funds. 5) To evaluate private pension funds in Lithuania according to the prepared methodology. Research methods: the analysis and synthesis of scientific literature, logical analysis and synthesis, comparable analysis, structural comparative analysis, the analysis and synthesis of statistical information, graphic methods of modeling, method of rating.

Finansų valdymo magistro baigiamojo darbo temos naujumą ir aktualumą apibrėžia ta aplinkybė, kad socialinio draudimo ir socialinės paramos, kaip socialinės apsaugos priemonių simbiozės, įtakos valstybės finansams tema nebuvo nuodugniai nagrinėta mokslininkų ir valdžios institucijų. Tyrimo problema. Kokią įtaką turi socialinis draudimas ir socialinė parama Lietuvos valstybės finansų sistemai? Tyrimo objektai: Lietuvos valstybės finansų sistema, socialinio draudimo ir socialinės paramos sistemos. Tyrimo tikslas – instituciniu ir ekonominiu požiūriu įvertinti socialinio draudimo ir socialinės paramos sistemų įtaką valstybės finansams. Uždaviniai: 1. Išnagrinėti mokslinėje literatūroje pateikiamus finansų sistemos apibrėžimus bei pagrindinius aspektus; 2. Išnagrinėti mokslinėje literatūroje pateikiamus svarbiausius socialinio draudimo ir socialinės paramos aspektus, teisinį reglamentavimą, 3. Identifikuoti svarbiausias spręstinas problemas; 4. Išnagrinėti socialinio draudimo ir socialinės paramos finansavimo šaltinius; 5. Įvertinti socialinio draudimo ir socialinės paramos ekonominę įtaką valstybės finansų sistemai. 6. Pateikti pasiūlymus dėl socialinio draudimo ir socialinės paramos sistemų tobulinimo. Darbo struktūra. Darbą sudaro trys skyriai. Pirmame skyriuje pateikiami finansų sistemos, socialinio draudimo ir socialinės paramos teoriniai ir teisiniai aspektai, šių sistemų problemos. Antrame skyriuje pagrindžiama tyrimo problema, pagrindžiami tyrimo metodai... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The novelty of thesis topic defines the fact that social insurance and social welfare as symbiosis of social protection measures, which affect public finances, have not been thoroughly examined by scientists and government agencies. The research problem. What influence has social insurance and social welfare for Lithuania's public finance system? Research objects: Lithuanian financial, social insurance and social welfare systems. Research aim – institutional and economic assessment of the social insurance and social welfare systems on public finances. Objectives: 1. To examine financial system definitions and key aspects in scientific literature; 2. To examine legal regulation of the most important social insurance and welfare aspects. 3. To identify the most actual problems; 4. To examine social insurance and welfare funding sources. 5. To evaluate social insurance and welfare economic impact on public finance system. 6. To propose improvements for social insurance and welfare systems. Work structure. The work consists of three parts. The first part presents financial system, social insurance and social welfare theoretical and legal aspects as well as its problems. The second part justifies research problem, selects relevant research methods and presents research instrumentation. The third part evaluates social insurance and social welfare economic influence on public finance sector and proposes some solution for this system improvement. Research methods. It was... [to full text]

Žmogiškieji ištekliai yra svarbus visose organizacijose, nuo jų pajėgumų ir sugebėjimų išnaudojimo, tinkamo organizavimo priklauso organizacijos veiklos efektyvumas. Šiame magistro baigiamajame darbe apibendrinti personalo organizavimo teoriniai pagrindai, apžvelgta Lietuvos valstybės tarnybos sistema. Išanalizuotas personalo organizavimo procesas Socialinės apsaugos ir darbo ministerijoje, pateiktos personalo organizavimo tobulinimo galimybės. Ministerijoje personalo organizavimas išanalizuotas pagal šiuos etapus – personalo atranka ir priėmimas, tarnybinės veiklos vertinimas, mokymas bei kvalifikacijos kėlimas, skatinimas. / Human resources are of great importance in any institution as the operating efficiency of the institution depends on capacity, use of potential of such resources and an adequate organisation process. The present Master‘s Thesis summarises the theoretical background of staff organisation and provides a review of the civil service system of the Republic of Lithuania. The staff organisation process in the Social Security and Labour Ministry was analysed and measures of the staff organisation improvement are presented. The staff organisation in the Ministry was analysed by stages, i.e., staff selection and recruitment, civil servants’ performance appraisal, training, qualification improvement and stimulation.

No description available.

<p>This thesis deals with a very important issue in South African society, i.e. the provision of financial and non-cash support to older persons. Older persons in South Africa can be described as a sizeable but vulnerable group requiring specific protection. Section 27 of the South African Constitution of 1996 obliges the state to take reasonable legislative and other measures within available resources to progressively realise the right of access to social security. Hence, the steps taken by the state to promote older persons&rsquo / right of access to social security and to protect their right to dignity need to be evaluated. The legislative framework for the provision of financial and non-cash support to older persons currently is fragmented into various statutes dealing with retirement income, state grants to older persons and care and support services for older persons. Therefore, the current legislation lacks an integrated approach to the provision of support and care to older persons, as well as a central principle on which to base future legislation concerning older persons. One such principle that could potentially be adopted is intergenerational solidarity, which can be described as the solidarity between the active working-age population, as one generation, from which benefits flow to older persons as the other. This thesis evaluates whether intergenerational solidarity should form the basis of South African legislation on the provision of retirement income and the provision of care and support to older persons, and if so, whether it in fact does. If the answer to the latter is in the negative, the thesis further examines whether the current process to reform the retirement income system and related legislation in South Africa would be a suitable platform to introduce the concept of intergenerational solidarity to legislation concerning older persons.</p>

No abstract available. / Thesis (M.A.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2007.

Magistro darbe išnagrinėta pensinio socialinio draudimo samprata bei aptarta socialinio draudimo istorinė raida Lietuvoje. Išanalizuotas privačių pensijų fondų objektyvus reikalingumas Lietuvoje. Šiame magistro darbe taip pat ištirta Lietuvos privačių pensijų fondų rinkos struktūra bei atlikta išsami Lietuvos privačių pensijų fondų rinkos ekonominė analizė. Pagal šios analizės rezultatus pateiktos privačių pensijų fondų tobulinimo galimybės. Patvirtinta autoriaus suformuluota hipotezė, kad Lietuvoje pensinio amžiaus žmonių aprūpinimas nėra pakankamas, todėl šią problemą galima dalinai išspręsti remiantis privačiais pensijų fondais. / This master‘s thesis examinated the concept of social security retirement and discussed social security historical development in Lithuania. Analyzed the private pension fund objective necessity in Lithuania. Also this master‘s thesis has been investigated Lithuanian private pension fund market structure and accomplished detail Lithuanian private pension fund market economic analize. According to the results of the analyze has been present the private pension fund improvement facilities. Author‘s formulated hypothesis – that Lithuania retirement age persons provision is not sufficient, so this problem can be partially resolved by private pension funds,was approved by the reasersh.

Six out of every ten children in South Africa are living in poverty. This situation is aggravated by the AlDS pandemic. The pandemic is also the cause of a generation of AlDS orphans and as a consequence a lot of pressure is put on society's resources. Although the fundamental rights of children are entrenched in the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996, the current legal and administrative framework is not being implemented effectively in order to realise these rights. The Constitutional Court has adjudicated upon several matters regarding the realisation of socio-economic rights, thereby confirming that socio-economic rights are indeed justiciable. This research is specifically concerned with the realisation of children's right to have access to health care as entrenched in sections 27 and 28(l)(c) of the Constitution. Read with section 7(2) of the Constitution, this right places negative as well as positive obligations on the state to respect, protect, promote and fulfil children's right to have access to health care. Children's right to health care are however dependent on the internal limitations contained in section 27(2) of the Constitution which states that the state must take reasonable legislative and other measures, within its available resources, to achieve the progressive realisation of these rights. Having ratified the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC), the state is further bound to recognize the right of the child to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of health and to facilities for the treatment of illness and rehabilitation of health. Parties to the CRC shall also strive to ensure that no child is deprived of his or her right of access to such health care services. Good health is dependent on more than a mere right to have access to health care. In order to ensure the highest attainable standard of health for all children, it is necessary that the available services are affordable and accessible on an equitable basis. Access to health care should be seen as part of a more comprehensive social protection package to ensure a minimum standard of living, consistent with the value of human dignity in our Constitution. In order to achieve this, the fragmented health care system which existed before 1994 and which was mainly a result of the previous dispensation of oppression and racial discrimination, had to be transformed in order to reach the ideal of improving the quality of life of all citizens as contained in the preamble of the Constitution. Ten years after the inception of the new constitutional dispensation, it can be said that the government is making progress with the transformation of the health system and making it accessible to all people, including children. After extensive research on the legislative and other measures that the government has implemented in order to realise children's right to access to health care, the following conclusions has been reached: State policies regarding health care are taking account of the needs of children as a vulnerable group of society and it can be said to be reasonable in the formulation thereof. Regarding the implementation of these policies, much remains to be done to ensure that the benefits thereof reach the children, especially more vulnerable groups such as street children and child-headed households - a common occurrence with the high prevalence of HIVIAIDS in South Africa. The enactment of the National Health Act 61 of 2003 is still awaited although it has already been signed. This legislation provides a national framework of norms and standards regarding the health care system and it is mainly based on the rights of patients. A new Children's Bill [B32 - 20031 has been introduced to parliament. The bill deals extensively with the rights of children as contained in the Constitution and also aims to give effect to governments' obligations in terms of the CRC. The enactment of the bill should be given priority, although measures should be implemented to ensure that health care services are also accessible to children who are not assisted by adults such as child-headed households. The allocation of public funds should be considered in order to provide better social assistance to families in dire need but mechanisms to ensure that children benefit from social grants must be implemented. Many of these grants are being abused by parents which means that although the grants are available, the money is not always spent to better the plight of the children. This is especially important in the light of the fact that the primary obligation to take care of children vests in the parents. The courts and especially the Constitutional Court, has taken their role in realising socio-economic rights seriously and very important guidelines has been formulated regarding the reasonableness of legislative and other measures in this regard. After the Khosa-case it should be said that although the courts are allowed to overstep the boundaries of separation of powers, they should not rewrite these boundaries by not taking appropriate account of the availability of financial resources. This also applies to the executive and legislature which should act more effectively to implement the court's decisions. The Human Rights Commission is playing an important role with regard to the realisation of socio-economic rights by monitoring and evaluating the implementation of government programmes and legislation. The Commission also provides valuable guidelines with regard to the realisation of socio-economic rights in the form of annual reports submitted to parliament. It is submitted that the Commission should however consider to define minimum core obligations of socio-economic rights since the Commission is better equipped to do this than the courts are. / Thesis (LL.M. (Public Law))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2005.

La tesi té per objecte l'estudi dels elements configuradors de la prestació de jubilació en la seva modalitat contributiva, és a dir, l'edat pensionable (o edat d'accés a la pensió de jubilació) i el cessament voluntari de l'activitat professional, posant-se de manifest com les diferents reformes aprovades sobre el sistema de Seguretat Social i, en especial, sobre el sistema de jubilació a partir de la dècada dels anys 80 han anat desconfigurant aquesta prestació.En aquest sentit en la Tesi es fa una crítica àmpliament fonamentada i raonada de l'ús abusiu que s'ha fet i que es fa de les diferents modalitats de jubilació anticipada, ja que no solament no han servit per a facilitar l'anomenat "relleu intergeneracional", sinó que, al contrari, són un seriós obstacle per a fer front al fenomen de l'envelliment demogràfic, la manifestació més directa del qual constitueix el canvi en l'estructura de la població per edats derivat de l'important descens de les taxes de natalitat i fertilitat conjuntament amb el corresponent augment dels índexs de longevitat, fenomen aquest que està provocant una profunda transformació de la piràmide demogràfica.Així, es realitza un anàlisi crític de l'ús de la jubilació com si es tractés d'una mesura de política d'ocupació, ja que es produeix una important fallida de la voluntarietat com a element característic del cessament, mitjançant, entre d'altres mesures, la jubilació forçosa i molt especialment, per que està donant lloc a una expulsió anticipada del mercat de treball a nombrosos treballadors encara aptes pel treball que ateses les importants dificultats d'ocupació de les persones de edat avançada es veuen obligades a mantenir-se com a inactives durant molt de temps, en la majoria dels casos en contra del que és la seva voluntat.En front a aquest panorama en la Tesi es proposa reforçar aquests dos elements configuradors de la prestació de jubilació, restringint al màxim l'ús de la jubilació anticipada, efectuant majors controls de la mateixa per a que només sigui utilitzada per empreses que realment ho necessiten, de forma limitada en el temps, i dotant de major flexibilitat a l'edat de jubilació mitjançant el reforçament del seu caràcter de dret al descans i atribuint-ne una major eficàcia a la voluntarietat de aquest dret del treballador.També s'aborda l'examen d'altres qüestions, entre d'altres, referides al funcionament intern de aquesta prestació; el tractament diferenciat establert en els diferents règims de Seguretat Social; el seu càlcul; així com un examen de les fonts estatals e internacionals de regulació de aquesta matèria amb una significativa incidència respecte a la necessitat de realitzar una lectura conjunta dels arts. 41 i 50 de la Constitució espanyola de 1978 i a la complexa aplicació del Reglament de la Unió Europea, Reglament CEE/ 1408/1971 pel reconeixement i càlcul de la prestació de jubilació en el cas de cotitzacions a diversos Estats de la Unió Europea.