Bakgrund: Tidigare forskning visar på vikten av att stötta barn i dygnsvård i deras kontakt med ursprungsfamiljen. Det finns flertalet studier som belyser barnet och ursprungsfamiljens upplevelser av kontakten dem emellan. Hur socialsekreterarna arbetar med kontakten i Sverige är dock inte ett lika utforskat område.Syfte: Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka hur socialsekreterare arbetar med kontakten mellan barn i dygnsplacering och barnets ursprungsfamilj samt vilka risker och skyddsfaktorer de såg med kontakten mellan det dygnsplacerade barnet och dess ursprungsfamilj.Metod: Metoden som användes var kvalitativ där kvalitativa intervjuer samt en fokusgrupp ligger som grund för resultatet.Resultat och slutsats: Socialsekreterarna ansåg att deras arbete kräver en förmåga av att vara kreativ i hur de planerar kontakten samt i deras egna bemötande till ursprungsfamiljen. Det framkom att utöver vårdnadshavare var övriga personer i ursprungsfamiljen bortglömda eller bortprioriterade då kontakten planerades. / Background: Earlier studies show the importance of supporting the contact between children in out-of-home care and their birth-family. There are several studies that highlight the experiences of the contact between children in out-of-home care and their birth-families. How social workers in Sweden work with the contact is an unexplored area.Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate how social workers manage contact between children in out-of-home care and their birth-family and the risk and safety factors regarding the contact between the child in out-of-home care and its birth-family.Method: The basis for the qualitative study were individual interviews and a focus group.Results and conclusion: The social workers considered that their work required an ability to be creative in how they plan the contact between the child and its birth-family and how they respond to the birth-family. The study also demonstrates how others from the birth-family than the child’s parents were forgotten or ignored in the contact planning.

Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka socialsekreterares upplevelser av hur digitaliseringen har förändrat arbetet inom ekonomiskt bistånd. I studien genomfördes fem kvalitativa intervjuer med socialsekreterare från samma kommun där verksamheten nyligen genomgått en digitaliseringsprocess. Intervjuerna analyserades genom kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Resultatet analyserades med hjälp av det strukturella perspektivet samt tidigare forskning som berör dokumentation, administrativt arbete samt digitalisering i socialt arbete och offentliga verksamheter. Resultatet visade att det administrativa arbetet minskat till följd av digitaliseringen samt att det är enkelt och tidseffektivt för socialsekreterare. Avsikten med digitaliseringen var att klientkontakten ska öka när de administrativa arbetsuppgifterna minskar. Detta har utifrån studiens resultat inte kunnat ske då rådande pandemi, Covid-19, fört med sig en rad restriktioner i syfte att minska smittspridningen. Pandemin har tvingat verksamheten att ändra sitt arbetssätt vilket resulterat i att nya digitala lösningar växt fram. Resultatet visade även att det finns en förhoppning hos socialsekreterarna att digitaliseringen ska förändra synen på den professionella rollen och göra arbetet inom ekonomiskt bistånd mer attraktivt. En slutsats av studien var att det finns tekniska förutsättningar inom socialtjänsten för att ytterligare anpassa arbetet efter klienters enskilda behov och de förändringar som sker i samhället. / The aim of this study was to explore social workers experiences of how digitalization has changed the work within financial aid. The study is based on five qualitative interviews with social workers from the same municipality, where the organization has recently undergone a digitalization process. The interviews were analyzed by qualitative content analysis. The results were analyzed with the help of the structural perspective and previous research concerning documentation, administrative work and digitization in social work and public organizations. The results showed that the administrative work has decreased as a result of digitalization and that it is simple and time-efficient for both social workers and clients. The purpose of the digitalization was that client contact would increase when the administrative tasks decrease. Based on the results of this study, this has not been possible as the current pandemic, Covid- 19, has brought with it a number of restrictions in order to reduce the spread of infection. The pandemic has forced the organization to change its way of working, which has led to the emergence of new digital solutions. The results also showed that there is hope among the social workers that digitalization will change the view of the professional role and make the work within financial aid more attractive. One conclusion of the study was that there are technical opportunities within the social services to further adapt the work to clients' individual needs and the changes that take place in society.

”VERKLIGHETSCHOCKEN”EN KVALITATIV STUDIE OM UTBRÄNDHET OCH DESS PÅVERKAN PÅ ARBETSPLATSENISRAA AHMADAJIN YASSINAhmad I & Yassin A. ”Verklighetschocken”. En kvalitativ studie om utbrändhet och dess påverkan på arbetsplatsen. Examensarbete i Socialt arbete 15 hp. Malmö Högskola: Fakulteten för hälsa och samhälle, institutionen för socialt arbete, 2016.Socialsekreterare är bland yrkesgrupperna som främst drabbas av utbrändhet. Fenomenet har blivit allt vanligare de senaste decennierna. Detta väckte därför intresset för att utforska ämnet ytterligare. Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka arbetsrelaterade faktorer som bidrar till utbrändhet och hur det påverkar arbetsplatsen utifrån socialsekreterares perspektiv. För att besvara studiens syfte utfördes sex semistrukturerade intervjuer med socialsekreterare på socialtjänster inom Malmö Stad. Resultatet visade att det finns ett komplext samspel av bidragande faktorer på tre nivåer. Den första är på en individuell plan där faktorn ålder och ambitionsnivå spelar roll i förhållande till fenomenet. Problemet som uppmärksammades var att under utbildningen bildar studenter förväntningar som kolliderar med verkligheten när de möter arbetslivet. Detta sker speciellt när arbetsplatsen har dåliga förhållanden. Därigenom landar vi på organisationsnivån där intervjupersonerna upplevde höga krav, låg kontroll och brist på socialt stöd. Dåliga förhållanden innebär främst bristande stöd från chef, dålig psykosocial arbetsmiljö och hög arbetsbelastning. Dessa organisatoriska faktorer blir ohälsosamma och bidrar till utbrändhet. Tredje nivån är könaspekten där dubbelarbete och könssegregering innebär sämre arbetsförhållanden och högre arbetsbelastning för kvinnor. Resultatet visade även att arbetsplatsen påverkas när socialsekreterare drabbas av utbrändhet eftersom att det sprider oro till kollegor vilket som skapar en ond cirkel. När socialsekreterare drabbas av utbrändhet och sjukskrivs måste kollegor täcka kvarblivna arbetsinsatserna vilket som ökar arbetsbelastningen på dem. Utöver detta upplevde socialsekreterare andra negativa påverkningar när medarbetare drabbas av utbrändhet så som sämre kvalitet på utfört arbetet, lidande klient och ekonomiska följder. Vi anser att det är av särskild betydelse att öka medvetenheten om fenomenet då det finns en risk för oss eller kommande studenter att stöta på problematiken i framtida yrket och arbetsplatsen.Nyckelord: Arbetsplats, höga krav, socialsekreterare, systemteori, utbrändhet. / ” THE REALITY CHOCK”A QUALITATIVE STUDY ABOUT BURNOUT AND ITS IMPACT ON THE WORKPLACEISRAA AHMADAJIN YASSINAhmad, I & Yassin, A.” The reality chock”. A qualitative study about burnout and its impact on the workplace. Degree project in Social Work 15 credits. Malmö. University: Faculty of health and society. Department of Social Work, 2016. Social workers are among the professions who suffer the most due burnout. The phenomenon is becoming increasingly frequent recent decades. This aroused interest to explore the subject further. The aim of this study was therefore to examine work related factors that contribute to burnout and how it affects the workplace based on social workers’ perspective. Six semi-structured interviews were made with social workers in Malmo cities social services to answer the aim of the study. The result indicates that there is a complex interaction of contributing factors on three levels. The first is on an individual plan illustrating the factor age and level of ambition as contributing to burnout. The problem that they drew attention to is that during the studies the students create expectations that collide with the reality when they meet the work life. This happens especially when the workplace has bad conditions. Thereby we land on the organizational level where social workers are experiencing high demands, low control and lack of social support. Bad conditions are due the interviewed social workers mainly a workplace with lack of support from manager, bad psychosocial working environment and high workload. This conditions characteristics as unhealthy and organizational factors contributing to burnout. Third level is the gender dimension where double work and the fact that women dominate social work mean worse working conditions and higher workload. The result also showed that the workplace affects when social workers suffer by burnout because it spreads concern through the colleagues, which creates a vicious circle. Colleagues have to cover the work tasks when the social worker suffers due burnout and stays at home on sick leave, which increase the burden on them. Inferior quality, client suffering and economic consequences was also an influence that social workers experienced because of burnout. Thereby we consider that it is of essential importance to increase awareness about the phenomenon because of the risk that next students or we encounter this problem in future profession and workplace. Keywords: Burnout, high demands, social worker, system theory, workplace.

Sammanfattning Titel: ’’Det är ju ett våldsamt liv, att vara missbrukare’’- Socialsekreterares syn på ASI- intervjuns användbarhet beträffande våld i nära relationer  Författare: Isabell Eklöf och Mimmi Wallin Nilsson  Syftet med studien var att undersöka hur socialsekreterare inom alkohol-och drogmissbruksområdet uppfattar ASI-intervjuns användbarhet att identifiera våld i nära relation samt stödja våldsutsatta och våldsutövare. Data samlades in genom fem semistrukturerade intervjuer med socialsekreterare inom alkohol- och drogmissbrukområdet med erfarenhet av ASI i Sverige. Resultatet analyserades med hjälp av tidigare forskning och begreppen handlingsutrymme samt relationskompetens, yrkeskompetens och handlingskompetens. Resultatet visar att ASI-intervjun är ett bra verktyg för att screena våld i nära relation men inte för att stödja våldsutövare och våldsutsatta. Flertalet faktorer påverkar ASI-intervjuns användbarhet; bland annat klienternas komplexa problematik, relationen mellan socialsekreterare och klient, samt socialsekreterarens intresse att ställa följdfrågor. Troligtvis hade ASI-intervjun varit mer användbar om frågornas utformning justerats. En slutsats är att det är upp till den enskilde socialsekreteraren och dess handlingsutrymme hur användbar ASI-intervjun är. / Abstract Title: ”It is a violent life to be an addict” - Social workers' views on the usefulness of the  ASI interview regarding violence in intimate relationships.  Authors: Isabell Eklöf and Mimmi Wallin Nilsson  The purpose of the study was to investigate how social workers in the alcohol and drug abuse field perceive the ASI interview’s usefulness to identify violence in intimate relationships and support victims and perpetrators. Data were collected through five semi- structured interviews with social workers in the alcohol and drug abuse field with experience of ASI in Sweden. The result was analyzed with previous research, the concept room for maneuver, relational competence, professional competence and action competence. The results showed that ASI is useful for screening violence in intimate relationships, but not for supporting perpetrators and victims. The social workers' interest in asking follow-up questions, clients' complex problems and the relationship between social worker and client are examples of what affects the ASI' usefulness. ASI could be more useful if the questions were adjusted. One conclusion is that the individual social worker and their room for maneuver determines the ASI’s usefulness.

The aim of the study is to describe and analyze how LSS-administrators talkabout user involvement in investigations based on their profession in anorganizational context. Eight LSS administrators have been interviewed.LSS-administrators work in a paradox where they are supposed to be theextended arm of the welfare state, at the same time as they are supposed togive voice to vulnerable individuals and their needs and wishes. The resultsof this study show that five administrators use the word participation whentalking about user involvement. All of them also talk about image support ininvestigations, but in varying degrees. There are also signs in the interviewsthat adaptation and focusing on the best interests of the user are ways ofdoing user involvement. Similar signs can also be seen in that theadministrators may experience difficulties communicating with users andthat it is not always possible to rely on what the representative says withoutchecking with the user. The results also show that there is a varyingperception of how much can be done as an LSS-administrator in relation tohow controlled the work is.

The aim of this study was to examine professional resilience among social workers. Professional resilience in this study included three dimensions; organizational, relational and emotional resilience. Resilience was described in this study as recuperation and resistance. The aim was to see which resilience factors contribute to social workers staying at their workplaces for more than two years. The study was based on six interviews with social workers at the social services in social child care in Sweden. The theory of emotional wage labor and the concept of SOC, Sense of Coherence, were used as theoretical frameworks. The study concluded that social workers stay longer than two years in their workplaces in social child care, primarily thanks to their colleagues. Other important factors for social workers to thrive were leadership and personal qualities, such as the emotional ability to leave the job at work and not engage too much emotionally.

The purpose of this narrative study is to highlight social workers' experiences of threats and violence within their profession, as well as the variety of resources to fend off, remedy and manage the risk of threats and violence. The present problem is how threats and violence are underreported, partly due to social workers' views on their own profession and a work climate that might not encourage reporting incidents. Previous studies have shown high prevalence of threats and violence within social work and consequences that follow, such as high levels of stress, leading to burnout. Other studies found that the fear of being exposed to threats and violence can result in self-censorship, thereby limiting autonomy and professional judgment. Through interviews we found that social workers had experienced violence and threats of different sorts, primarily verbal threats. The overall perception was of understanding nature due to injustice that many clients face, resulting in expressions of strong emotions. However, some social workers described their work as characterized by imminent threats, rather than fear of being exposed. The preventing resources provided at the workplace are described as mostly effective and fulfilling of its purpose, while others find that they create unnecessary distance between them and clients. The social workers perceive themselves as fairly prepared for violent or threatening situations, mainly through their education, but emphasize experience over any type of education. They also emphasize the support from colleagues and managers as valuable and important resources. By highlighting the narrative of social workers we hope to bring awareness to this issue and encourage an open dialogue.

The aim of this study is to understand and investigate how social workers handle and cope with their emotional management in work with children who have been exposed to traumatic events. And to understand what kind of emotions that can arise before, during and after meetings with vulnerable children. But also to see and understand what kind of support different workplaces offer social workers for emotion management. This study was  conducted through six semi-structured interviews with social workers who work or have worked with children that have been exposed to trauma in Sweden. With the interviews we did an analysis with help from previous research on the subject and by a theoretical framework, Hoschchilds theroy of emotional work. The results prove that emotional work isa subject that some social workers find very difficult to handle. How social workers manage to handle heartbreaking stories from children is something that each social worker handles differently. The analysis also shows that social workers feel that the support in their workplace towards social workers has improved over the years. Emotional work and how to help vulnerable children is a challenging work and therefore is this a subject that needs more attention.

In January 2020, the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child became Swedish law, whichled to a number of questions about whether the children's rights are affected within socialservices. The purpose of the study was to create an understanding of how social workersconsider the child's perspective in the handling of matters relating to financial assistance. Weused a qualitative method choice, where we collected empirical evidence with the help of sixinterviews with social workers in four different municipalities. An analysis was made using thetheoretical concept of discretion. The result showed that children in financial assistance werepaid attention to through their guardians and the child's perspective was presented only in urgentsituations, for example eviction prevention work. The results also showed that the socialworker's discretion is limited by the company's laws, rules and guidelines. On the other hand,the child's perspective is mentioned in the municipality's guidelines, but in an unclear way. Theconclusion of this study raised further questions about how children's participation and how achild's perspective can be integrated into the practical work within financial assistance. / Januari 2020 blev FN:s barnkonvention svensk lag, vilket föranledde ett antal frågor kringhuruvida barnets rättigheter påverkas inom socialtjänsten. Syftet med studien var att skapa enförståelse om hur socialsekreterare beaktar barnperspektivet i handläggningen av ärenden somrör ekonomiskt bistånd. Vi använde oss utav en kvalitativ metod där samlade vi in empiri medhjälp av sex intervjuer med socialsekreterare i fyra olika kommuner. En analys gjordes medhjälp av det teoretiska begreppet handlingsutrymme. Resultatet visade att barn inomekonomiskt bistånd uppmärksammades genom sina vårdnadshavare och barnperspektivetframfördes endast vid akuta situationer, exempelvis vräkningsförebyggande arbete. Resultatetvisade också att socialsekreterares handlingsutrymme är begränsad av verksamhets lagar, regleroch riktlinjer. Däremot omnämns barnperspektivet i kommunens riktlinjer men på ett otydligtsätt. Slutsatsen av denna studie väckte ytterligare fråga kring hur barns delaktighet och hur ettbarnperspektiv kan integreras i det praktiska arbetet inom ekonomiskt bistånd.

Det här arbetet undersöker socialarbetarnas syn på språksvårigheter som de kan möta i relation till klienter, när ett gemensamt språk saknas, och en tolk är involverad. Arbetet undersöker även socialarbetarnas syn på hur en tolk borde vara för att minska potentiella svårigheter. Metoden som har använts är semistrukturerade intervjuer med fyra biståndshandläggare. Studiens resultat visar att under vissa omständigheter kan svårigheter uppstå, i form av osäkerhet och oro kring om huruvida budskapet har nått fram till klienten så som det var menad att nå fram, eller om informationen har deformerats när den har passerat genom tolken. Studiens resultat visar att relationsskapandet till klienter blir svårare när kommunikationen sker genom en tolk. Studiens resultat visar även att svårigheterna kan, enligt socialarbetarna, minimeras genom att tolken följer de yrkesetiska reglerna skriva av Kammarkollegiet. / This work examines social workers' approach on language difficulties they may encounter in relation to clients, when a common language is missing, and an interpreter is involved. This work also examines the social workers approach of how an interpreter should work in order to reduce potential difficulties. The method that has been used is semistructured interviews with four social workers. The result of the study shows that under certain circumstances difficulties can arise, in the form of uncertainty and concern about whether the message has reached the client as it was meant to reach, or whether the information has been reshaped when it has passed through the interpreter. The study’s results show that building relationships with clients becomes more difficult when communication takes place through an interpreter. The result of the study also shows that, according to the social workers, the difficulties can be minimized if the interpreter follows the rules of professional ethics, written by the Kammarkollegiet.