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The work presented in this thesis is concerned with the issues involved in writing and demonstrating formal specifications of information systems written in Z. The use of Z in software development, to enhance productivity and improve software quality, is not without its problems. Whilst the notation itself is highly developed, ways of systematically using Z to create specifications are, by contrast, poorly documented. Also, given that most commissioners of software are not skilled in reading Z, ways of demonstrating the important features of a formal Z specification to a customer are needed if the effective validation of the specification against user requirements is to take place. In this thesis we present a systematic approach, known as OPERATOR, for developing Z specifications and evaluate it against the issues identified for writing formal specifications. We also look at various ways of demonstrating Z specifications. We describe how Z specifications may be animated using Crystal, but go on to present a prototype CASE tool, known as Zappa, that may be used to create and demonstrate faithful animations of Z specifications. The thesis starts with a thorough review of software engineering and of the development and rise of formal methods. The development of the OPERATOR approach is then given along with a review of animation, a description of the Crystal technique, and the development of the CASE tool Zappa. An evaluation of the research against the stated aims is presented and areas where future research is needed are pointed out.

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Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Tecnologia, Departamento de Engenharia Elétrica, 2016. / Submitted by Camila Duarte (camiladias@bce.unb.br) on 2017-01-09T16:24:10Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016_JüergenMarcusKress.PDF: 2470719 bytes, checksum: c056bb15fca3124e12520f285ae82361 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Raquel Viana(raquelviana@bce.unb.br) on 2017-02-03T17:51:58Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2016_JüergenMarcusKress.PDF: 2470719 bytes, checksum: c056bb15fca3124e12520f285ae82361 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-02-03T17:51:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2016_JüergenMarcusKress.PDF: 2470719 bytes, checksum: c056bb15fca3124e12520f285ae82361 (MD5) / Esta dissertação tem como objetivo desenvolver e validar uma nova metodologia de engenharia de software para Gerenciamento de Casos Adaptativos (ACM). ACM é um padrão de projeto (design pattern), relativamente novo, utilizado para apoiar, de forma mais adequada, cenários de trabalho em que um fluxo de trabalho preciso não pode ser definido de maneira rigorosa. Em tais cenários, o trabalho é altamente dependente de decisões baseadas no conhecimento sobre as atividades e resultados, levando a várias regras de negócio e possibilidades de fluxo de atividades que podem tornar a modelagem e a automatização bastante complexas ou, até mesmo, inviável. Conceitos e pesquisas sobre Gerenciamento de Casos Adaptativos, também apresentados neste trabalho, ainda estão evoluindo e amadurecendo. O estado-da-arte atual em ACM carece de metodologia descrita formalmente e comprovada para o desenvolvimento de soluções ACM. O objetivo deste trabalho é contribuir para o preenchimento dessa lacuna. A proposta de metodologia ACM é baseada em cinco fases, que abrange as seguintes disciplinas típicas de engenharia de software: Modelagem de Negócio, Visualização, Análise, Projeto e Implementação. Novos modelos de artefatos de software para interfaces de usuário ACM (ACM Workspace) e análise e projeto de solução ACM (ACM Canvas) também estão entre as contribuições deste trabalho. O projeto em ACM utiliza a recentemente criada Notação para Modelagem de Gerenciamento de Casos Adaptativos (Case Management Modeling Notation - CMMN). Modelos para artefatos de software, desenvolvidos para cada fase metodologia, também são apresentados. Tudo isso suporta um resultado orientado e garante o progresso e sucesso de projetos. Essa metodologia foi desenvolvida ao longo dos últimos dois anos de trabalho e análise de projetos ACM reais em diferentes indústrias. Nesta dissertação, um estudo de caso completo é descrito e implementado, como uma prova de conceito para a metodologia proposta. / This dissertation aims at developing and validating a new software engineering methodology for Adaptive Case Management (ACM). ACM is a relatively new design pattern used to support work that is well suited for work scenarios where a precise workflow cannot be strictly defined. In such scenarios, work is highly dependent on knowledge-based decisions about activities and outcomes, leading to multiple work paths and business rules that can become quite complex or even unfeasible to model and completely automate. Concepts and research on Adaptive Case Management, also reviewed in this work, are still evolving and maturing. Current ACM state-of-art lacks of formally described and proven methodology for development of ACM solutions. The goal of this work is to contribute with fulfilling this gap. The proposed ACM Methodology is based on the five phases, which covers typical software engineering disciplines: Business Modeling, Visualization, Analysis, Design and Implementation. New software artifact models for ACM user interfaces (ACM Workspace) and ACM solution analysis and design (ACM Canvas) are also among the contributions of this work. ACM design leverages the recently established Case Management Modeling Notation (CMMN v1.1). Templates of software artifacts, developed for each methodology phase, are also presented. These support a guided outcome and ensure projects progress and success. The methodology was developed over the past two years from work and analysis of actual ACM projects in different industries. In this dissertation, a Case Study is completely described and implemented, as a proof-of-concept for the proposed methodology.

Unified Modeling Language (UML) is the most comprehensive and widely accepted object-oriented modeling language due to its multi-paradigm modeling capabilities and easy to use graphical notations, with strong international organizational support and industrial production quality tool support. However, there is a lack of precise definition of the semantics of individual UML notations as well as the relationships among multiple UML models, which often introduces incomplete and inconsistent problems for software designs in UML, especially for complex systems. Furthermore, there is a lack of methodologies to ensure a correct implementation from a given UML design. The purpose of this investigation is to verify and validate software designs in UML, and to provide dependability assurance for the realization of a UML design. In my research, an approach is proposed to transform UML diagrams into a semantic domain, which is a formal component-based framework. The framework I proposed consists of components and interactions through message passing, which are modeled by two-layer algebraic high-level nets and transformation rules respectively. In the transformation approach, class diagrams, state machine diagrams and activity diagrams are transformed into component models, and transformation rules are extracted from interaction diagrams. By applying transformation rules to component models, a (sub)system model of one or more scenarios can be constructed. Various techniques such as model checking, Petri net analysis techniques can be adopted to check if UML designs are complete or consistent. A new component called property parser was developed and merged into the tool SAM Parser, which realize (sub)system models automatically. The property parser generates and weaves runtime monitoring code into system implementations automatically for dependability assurance. The framework in the investigation is creative and flexible since it not only can be explored to verify and validate UML designs, but also provides an approach to build models for various scenarios. As a result of my research, several kinds of previous ignored behavioral inconsistencies can be detected.

This thesis explores the use of functional languages to implement, manipulate and query databases. Implementing databases. A functional language is used to construct a database manager that allows efficient and concurrent access to shared data. In contrast to the locking mechanism found in conventional databases, the functional database uses data dependency to provide exclusion. Results obtained from a prototype database demonstrate that data dependency permits an unusual degree of concurrency between operations on the data. The prototype database is used to exhibit some problems that seriously restrict concurrency and also to demonstrate the resolution of these problems using a new primitive. The design of a more realistic database is outlined. Some restrictions on the data structures that can be used in a functional database are also uncovered. Manipulating databases. Functions over the database are shown to provide a powerful manipulation language. How to make such functions atomic is described. Such atomic transaction-functions permit consistent concurrent transformations of a database. Some issues in the transaction model are also addressed, including nested transactions. Querying databases. Others have recommended list comprehensions, a construct found in some functional languages, as a query notation. Comprehensions are clear, concise, powerful, mathematically tractable and well integrated with a functional manipulation language. In this thesis comprehensions are proved to be adequately powerful, or relationally complete. Database and programming language theories are further integrated by describing the relational calculus in a programming language semantics. Finally, the mathematical tractability of the notation is used to improve the efficiency of list comprehension queries. For each major conventional improvement an analogous comprehension transformation is given.

Paramount Salt Handicraft A wholesale Himalayan salt company was previously doing business in traditional way and was limited only to the local market. However from the start day management was planning to expand the business to more locations and to attract more customers. So to expand the business and to attract the international customers and customers from other cities of Sweden it was necessary to make it available over the internet so that customers can easily get knowledge about the company’s products and purchase them. So the need of an online web shop was realized to bring the company’s plan into reality. The online shop will be act as a medium of interaction between the customers and the company and it will enable the customers to buy products online and make payments electronically and after that the products will delivered to them. Throughout the process the customers can easily track the overall status of their orders.

M.Com. / Please refer to full text to view abstract

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M.Ing.