Activity of group-transported horses was evaluated during onboard rest stops to determine if horses derive meaningful rest. A single-deck semi-trailer separated into three compartments was used for all shipments. In Experiment One, twelve video cameras were used to record behavior of horses during five, 16 to 20 h shipments, with a high (397.44kg/m2), medium (348.48 kg/m2) and low (220.91 kg/m2) density group in each shipment. One-hour rest stops occurred after 8 h of transport and prior to unloading, during which two groups were provided water. Movement of each horse visible on video was quantified by counting the number of times the head crossed the vertical and/or horizontal axes of the body at the withers. Mean number of movements per 5-min interval in each group (n=13) was used to compare effects of density, access to water, and order of stops. The high and low-density watered groups had increased activity during the first 10 min of both rest stops potentially due to maneuvering for access to water. The medium-density watered groups had increased activity during the first 10 min of only the second rest stop. Activity slightly increased in the medium and low-density groups after 55 min possibly indicating adequate rest, but a similar increase did not occur in highdensity groups. In Experiment Two, two shipments, lasting 23 h and 24 h respectively, consisted of three groups of horses loaded at high density (397.32 kg/m2). Ninety-minute rest stops occurred after every 6 h of transport and prior to unloading for a total of three rest stops. Percentage of visible horses "active" was averaged across each 5-min interval of the stop. Activity was highly variable within and between shipments. Activity was high at the beginning of stops one and three of Shipment One. A similar but less dramatic settling occurred at the start of all three rest stops in Shipment Two. Twenty three of thirty-four noted increases in alertness were due to aggression or noises outside the trailer. In both experiments horses remained active during all stops indicating fatigue had not become a major factor in these studies.

Hong Kong has an extensive network of public bus services covering almost all areas of Hong Kong Island, Kowloon, New Territories and Lantau Island. It is doubtless that the long history and reliable public bus service for the general masses has helped make Hong Kong achieving a world-class efficient and comprehensive public transport network. The operation of bus services can be traced back to the 1920's when, in 1921, the Vehicles and Traffic Regulation Ordinance set out the fares, stopping points and bus specifications for four bus routes serving Kowloon Peninsula. The first franchises were awarded in 1933 to China Motor Bus Company Ltd and Kowloon Motor Bus Company (1933) Limited (KMB). The third franchised bus company was New Lantao Bus Company (1973) Ltd which has operated franchised services on Lantau Island since 1979. In 1991 Citybus Limited, which since 1979 had operated a shuttle service for United Services Dockyard workers with a single bus and, later, some residential services, was granted a franchise for operating one Hong Kong Island bus route and further routes from 1993 and 1995. In 1998 CMB's history of operating bus services came to an end when New World First Bus Services Limited (NWFB) won the tender to operate 88 routes previously operated under CMB's franchise. However, with diverse and primarily private nature of bus operators, and the lack of motivation and hence regulations of any sort of the then colonial government and current SAR Government in mandating the documentation of bus-related relics and archive, there is no policy, mechanism or institution of any sort to provide records of history of this important form of public transit service in Hong Kong. Streets are the foreground of our buildings and the backdrop to everyday lives and contain valuable cultural symbols. The number of signs, bollards and guardrails are increasing over the years, without intended coordination. This result in streetscape which is unsigtly and seemingly lacking character. The example of England in rediscovering and preserving the street character is noteworthy. Since England has launched campaign of “Save Our Streets”, every sign has been concerned in towns or villages, such as traditional traffic direction signs, or “fingerposts”, which are a cherished feature of the English countryside and suburbs. English Heritage has joined forces with the Department for Transport to call on local authorities to retain, repair and reintroduce fingerposts where appropriate. Back to Hong Kong, as time passed, some of the bus service companies which have witnessed the historic development of this important service have either closed down or changed their business direction. All of the historic information has been lost other than their financial report. Antique bus stop or signs were nowhere to be found. Those information may only gather from some of the bus fans’ collection. To remedy such anomaly and loss of historic information, a designated library or museum should gather the history of bus services information at the past with easy public access. And instead of relying on the will and interest of individual companies, the government should at lead take the lead in coordinating such work. / published_or_final_version / Conservation / Master / Master of Science in Conservation

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Tennessee, Knoxville, 2005. / Includes vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 118-122). Also available online from the University of Tennessee (http://web.utk.edu/~thesis/etd.shtml).

Tesis para optar al grado de Magíster en Economía / Autor no autoriza el acceso a texto completo de su documento / Este trabajo complementa las ideas de Agosin y Huaita (2012) en “Overreaction in Capital Flows to Emerging Markets: Booms and Sudden Stops”, pero introduce la distinción entre flujos IED y no-IED, utilizando los flujos non-IED de la cuenta financiera de la balanza de pagos (excluyendo movimientos de reservas) como medida de los flujos de capital netos en lugar de la cuenta financiera total. La hipótesis que sostiene este documento es que son grandes flujos distintos de la inversión extranjera directa los que tienen un efecto importante en la predicción de Sudden Stops de capitales. Complementando estas ideas, se agrega al análisis la descomposición de los flujos no- IED en dos grandes componentes principales - flujos de cartera y derivados financieros y otras inversiones - con el objetivo de testear su impacto tanto sobre episodios de Sudden Stops como sobre episodios de Booms. Los resultados arrojan que Booms liderados por flujos no-IED son el principal causante de Sudden Stops. Para Booms de capitales se obtiene el mismo patrón. Sin embargo, se observa una relación entre grandes flujos de inversión extranjera directa y estos episodios, aunque esta relación es más débil que el resto de las partidas de la cuenta financiera.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Rutgers University, 2009. / "Graduate Program in Criminal Justice." Includes bibliographical references (p. 186-194).

Thesis (M.A.)--University of Hong Kong, 2002. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 60-61).

This paper examines how many and the most common type of side stops a traveler or travel party makes during long-distance travel of over 100 miles or more. The research uses the 1995 American Travel Survey (ATS) because it is one of the few data sources that collects information on stops and side trips for long-distance trips. The paper utilizes two models to estimate side stop behavior: 1) an ordered probit formulation for modeling the number of side trips during long distance travel, and 2) a mixed multinomial logit formulation for modeling the most common side stop purpose during long-distance travel. A variety of variables, including trip and household characteristics, are considered in the model specification. The factors that play the largest role in determining side stop behavior are the primary purpose of the long-distance trip, whether the trip is a planned vacation or not, and the ethnicity of the travelers.

Thesis (M.A.)--University of Hong Kong, 2002. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 60-61). Also available in print.

Thesis (M.M.)--Duquesne University, 2004. / Title from document title page. Abstract included in electronic submission form. Includes bibliographical references (p. 79-82) and index.

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