Au début du XXe siècle, la scène européenne est marquée par une recherche de nouvelles formes d’expression théâtrale, qui coïncide avec un refus du matérialisme. Le Sublime comme conscience de la dignité humaine, tel qu’il fut défini par Schiller, prend de l’importance : rempart face au changement perpétuel qui caractérise la condition humaine, le Sublime devient solidaire d’une conscience de l’Histoire et confère à l’homme une part infime d’éternité. Les efforts de W. B. Yeats pour fonder une communauté irlandaise à l’Abbey Theatre, de Max Reinhardt et de Hugo v. Hofmannsthal pour donner naissance au Festival de Salzbourg, mais aussi le projet de Romain Rolland d’un « Théâtre du Peuple », ou encore le théâtre de Richard Beer-Hofmann qui vise à réunir les individus par la mémoire d’un passé commun, manifestent la mission attribuée au théâtre. Les quatre auteurs donnent une réponse aux forces destructrices de leur temps en créant un théâtre de la dignité humaine où l’héroïsme sublime subit une métamorphose grâce à une nouvelle valeur : la compassion. L’imagination qui la rend possible devient essentielle à la dramaturgie du Sublime. Étudié en tant que principe philosophique et dramaturgique, le Sublime révèle alors sa filiation avec l’opéra et le mélodrame. Leurs interférences, déjà présentes chez Schiller, témoignent de la volonté d’élever les spectateurs au-dessus du quotidien grâce à une dramaturgie visionnaire fondée sur l’aspiration à une réalité supérieur. / European drama at the beginning of the 20th century was in search of new forms of artistic expression. In this context which coincides with the rejection of materialism, the Sublime as consciousness of human dignity gained in importance. A bulwark against the perpetual and inevitable succession of human life, the Sublime as defined by Schiller more than a century earlier attained equality with the awareness of History, lending to humankind an element of eternity. The efforts of W.B. Yeats to restore a sense of Irish community at the Abbey Theatre, those of Max Reinhardt and Hugo von Hofmannsthal who created the Salzburg Festival, but also Romain Rolland’s project of a « People’s Theatre » as well as Richard Beer-Hofmann’s plays which integrated the memory of the past, all reveal the reconciliatory function newly conferred on drama. These four authors found an answer to the destructive forces of their time by creating a drama of human dignity in which sublime heroism shifts through compassion. Its source, imagination, plays an essential role in the dramaturgy of the Sublime. The examination of the Sublime as a philosophical and dramatic principle elucidates its relationship to both opera and melodrama. The overlapping of genres can already be noticed in Schiller’s plays and proves the intention of raising the audience above the daily round, thanks to a visionary dramaturgy, based on the longing for a higher reality.

La littérature est une source d’où jaillissent les flots intarissables du paradoxe ; c’est dans cet entrelacement de dichotomies que nous nous sommes immergées pour percevoir l’unité sous-jacente derrière l’oxymore que constitue le titre de notre thèse : « une poétique de l’abjection dans la littérature gothique américaine postmoderne. » Si nous nous sommes tournées vers Stephen King, Peter Straub et Chuck Palahniuk et avons mis l’accent sur trois de leurs œuvres précises, notre démonstration se veut être transposable à l’ensemble de leurs écrits. Nous nous sommes interrogées sur la nature de l’abjection et sur sa prééminence dans une société américaine portant le sceau du puritanisme. Marqués par le Romantisme et le Gothique anglais, nos auteurs ont su donner aux thématiques caractérisant ces mouvements une voie nouvelle. Situer nos œuvres dans la lignée du gothique postmoderne nous permet d’osciller sur le paradigme de l’excès et de l’incomplétude, de la déconstruction et de l’unité. Le thème de la fragmentation apparaît comme l’un des fils d’Ariane permettant aux auteurs de tisser autour des lecteurs leur toile arachnéenne. Ce démantèlement qui affecte à la fois la dimension narrative et thématique des récits contribue à leur effet patchwork et subversif, nous liant à notre problématique postmoderne. Les paradoxes engendrés par nos récits leur donnent leur force et expliquent leur fascination sur le public. Nos pérégrinations menant à l’ouverture des différentes portes de l’interprétation révèlent que l’abjection devient source d’une nouvelle esthétique. Le laid peut véhiculer de la beauté et du sublime. L’harmonie qui existe dans le monde de la déchéance qui nous est dépeint explique l’emprise hypnotique de la littérature de l’abjection sur le lecteur. Source de poétique, celle-ci procure un plaisir de la lecture quasi jouissif pour ceux qui se laissent transporter par la magie créatrice de nos auteurs. / Literature is a stream from which gush forth the inexhausting flows of paradoxes; we have immersed ourselves in this entertwining of dichotomies to perceive the underlying unity behind the oxymoron constituting the title of our thesis: “a poetics of the abjection in American postmodern gothic literature.” If we have chosen Stephen King, Peter Straub and Chuck Palahniuk and have focused on three specific novels, our demonstration intends to be transposed to the whole range of their works. We wondered about the nature of abjection and its pre-eminence in an American society bearing the seal of Puritanism. Marked by Romanticism and the English gothic, our authors have been able to convey to the themes characterizing those movements a new direction. Setting our novels in the wake of postmodern gothic is a way for us to oscillate on the paradigm of excess and incompleteness, deconstruction and unity. The theme of fragmentation appears as one of Ariadne’s clues allowing the authors to weave their gossamery web around the readers. This dismantling which both affects the narrative and thematic dimension of the novels contributes to the patchwork and subversive effect engendered, linking us to our postmodern problematic. The paradoxes engendered by our novels give them their strength and account for their fascination on the audience. Our peregrinations leading to the opening of the various interpretative doors reveal that abjection becomes the source of a new aesthetics. Ugliness can convey beauty and sublime. The harmony which exists in the world of discrepancy depicted to us explains the hypnotic ascendancy of the literature of abjection on the reader. Source of poetry, it brings about a pleasure of reading verging on climax for those who let themselves be carried away by the creative magic of our authors.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:06:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 LubiaMM_TESE.pdf: 737078 bytes, checksum: 23b785f81c98af4b06be43ae162c8677 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-12-14 / El estudio de la citaci?n en Lira de los Veinte A?os, de ?lvares de Azevedo, desde la ?ptica de Antoine Compagnon e Ger?rd Genette, se muestra relevante a los estudios de la Literatura Comparada, en la perspectiva contepor?nea, pu?s el tema provoca la posibilidad de discutir la elaboraci?n de si del(los) otro(s), sucitando im?genes est?ticas y de los pensamientos que se aproximan de una noci?n de tesitura textual muy presente en la modernidad literaria. Este proceso instaura procedimientos de lectura, traducci?n, autoria y escritura, a?n, por ser utilizados, confirman la potencialidad inegable en que se escribi el trabajo po?tico del escritor. En la primer parte de la obra, se sugieren experiencias com lo bello y lo sublime, advindos del europeu, pero vuelto para una pesquisa de posibilidad discursivas. En la seg?n parte, esa instancia sublimada es puesta en crise, por el sujeto po?tico cribado por el deseo de tornarse singular. Se instauran en el campo valorativo de los signos rom?nticos elementos desfavorables de sentido diferentes. Dase, as?, la problematizaci?n puesta por las citaciones que ora, realizan cambios simb?licos, ora, actuan en las m?rgenes de los textos primeros, desorganizando el material de autoria, desublimandolo, en la irrupci?n de nuevos cuerpos discursivos y cuerp?sculos cituacionales. En la tecer parte, ligado a T?natos, como la dimensi?n por venir, marcando el presentimiento del poeta de que morir? temprano, como tambi?n la despedida de ?l. En esta tesi, se pretende, as?, circunscribir como se figura, elabora esa constituici?n est?tica azevediana y su escritura, situando cuestiones recortadas por el actor en su obra, las quales remeten a Hegel, Kant y la otras lecturas filos?ficas, ali puestas. Tal procedimiento toma la citaci?n como estrategia po?tica de inscrici?n del sujeto y de las alteridades que le atravesan, concebiendo eso proceso autoral en la forma de reconstruci?n de una ciudadela de libros en este aspecto, considerandose el enfoque de F?lix Guatar?, la prop?sito de los nuevos paradigmas y las espacialidades emergentes de estos -, o la biblioteca subjetiva, que se abre en vias y pasagenes. A trav?s de ellas el discurso captura no solamente los objetos po?ticos, pero tambi?n trazos autobiogr?ficos rasurados, traduciendo la lucha por la visibilidad del sujeto en la formaci?n de su pensamiento po?tico y est?tico / O estudo da cita??o em Lira dos Vinte Anos, de ?lvares de Azevedo, na ?tica de Antoine Compagnon e G?rard Genette, mostra-se relevante aos estudos da Literatura Comparada, na perspectiva contempor?nea, uma vez que o tema provoca a possibilidade de discutir a elabora??o de si e do(s) outro(s), suscitando imagens est?ticas e do pensamento que se aproximam de uma no??o de tessitura textual muito presente na modernidade liter?ria. Este processo instaura procedimentos de leitura, tradu??o, autoria e escritura, ainda, por serem atualizados, confirmando a potencialidade ineg?vel em que se inscreve o trabalho po?tico do escritor. Na primeira parte da obra, sugerem-se experi?ncias com o belo e o sublime, advindos do modelo europeu, mas voltadas para uma pesquisa de possibilidades discursivas. Na segunda parte, essa inst?ncia sublimada ? colocada em crise, pelo sujeito po?tico crivado pelo desejo de tornar-se singular. Instauram-se no campo valorativo dos signos rom?nticos elementos diaf?ricos de sentidos diferentes. D?-se, assim, a problematiza??o posta pelas cita??es que ora realizam trocas simb?licas, ora, agem nas margens do texto primeiro, desorganizando o material de autoria, dessublimando-o, na irrup??o de novos corpos discursivos e corp?sculos citacionais. Na terceira parte, a poesia opera o espa?o liter?rio, ligado a T?natos, como a dimens?o por vir, marcando o pressentimento do poeta de que morrer? cedo, como tamb?m a despedida dele. Nesta tese, pretende-se, assim, circunscrever como se figura, elabora essa constitui??o est?tica azevediana e sua escritura, situando quest?es recortadas pelo autor em sua obra, as quais remetem a Hegel, Kant e a outras leituras filos?ficas, ali postas. Tal procedimento toma a cita??o como estrat?gia po?tica de inscri??o do sujeito e das alteridades que lhe atravessam, concebendo esse processo autoral na forma de reconstru??o de uma cidadela de livros, - nesse aspecto, considerando-se o enfoque de F?lix Guattari, a prop?sito dos novos paradigmas e as espacialidades emergentes destes -, ou de uma biblioteca subjetiva, que se abre em vias e passagens. Atrav?s delas o discurso captura n?o s? os objetos po?ticos, mas tamb?m tra?os autobiogr?ficos rasurados, traduzindo a luta pela visibilidade do sujeito na forma??o de seu pensamento po?tico e est?tico

Entre la première photographie jamais prise de la Lune en 1840 par J.W. Draper et la première photographie prise depuis le sol de notre satellite en 1969 par la mission Apollo 11, l’aventure spatiale occidentale a donné lieu à une vaste production d’images. Toutes ont cherché à comprendre, capturer et communiquer au plus grand nombre l’aspect du cosmos. Absorbé comme une évidence par la culture collective, ce corpus hétérogène, protéiforme et aux délimitations complexes, relève d’une histoire culturelle qui reste difficile à classer, entre histoire des sciences et histoire des images. Les visualisations qui en résultent, marquées par les traditions de l’histoire de la représentation et fabriquées en parallèle des évolutions technologiques de l’astronomie et de ses moyens d’observation, ont tout autant façonné le regard de l’astronomie physique et la culture visuelle de ses observateurs néophytes. L’analyse de la formation et de l’épanouissement de l’Art spatial au XXe siècle nous ouvre ainsi les yeux sur un corpus visuel où la coalescence entre science et style est une condition nécessaire à son existence. A l’épreuve de l’histoire de l’histoire de l’art et des études visuelles, ce dernier trouve également toute sa place dans une analyse qui vise à dévoiler la puissance et la qualité performative des images. Qu’il s’agisse d’une imagerie vulgarisant le savoir savant à des fins didactiques, d’une volonté de saisir l’image du cosmos pour le découvrir ou d’une dissémination culturelle au cœur des grands mythes du siècle, l’exploration spatiale fut aussi une entreprise du regard qu’il nous incombe d’observer. / Between the first photograph taken from the moon in 1840 by J.W. Draper and the first photograph taken from our satellite’s ground in 1969 by Apollo 11’s mission, western space odyssey led to a wide range of images. They all had the common goal of understanding, apprehending and sharing the aspect of cosmos with as many people as possible. Evidently absorbed by a collective culture, this heterogeneous and multifaceted corpus with many complex boundaries is based on a cultural history, which remains hard to classify, between science history and images history. The resulting visualizations, heavily influenced by the traditions of the history of representation and made in parallel of the technical evolutions of astronomy and its means of observation, have equally shaped the look of physical astronomy and of the visual culture of its neophyte observers. The analysis of the creation and the fulfilment of Space Art in the twentieth century make us open our eyes on a visual corpus where the coalescence between science and style is a necessary condition to its really existence. Confronted to History of Arts and to visual studies, this corpus finds its place within an analysis, which pursues to disclose the power and the performative quality of images. Whether it be an imagery popularizing the deepest knowledge for teaching purposes, a will of grabbing the image of cosmos in order to discover it or a cultural dissemination at the heart of the most important myths of the century, spatial exploration was also an experience of the look we need to observe.

Cette thèse consiste en une recherche sur la représentation du paysage dans les arts poétique et visuel, à partir d’un éclairage réciproque entre cultures occidentale (principalement française et antique) et chinoise. Notre recherche est inspirée par la définition canonique du paysage: le paysage est une portion de l'espace terrestre, représentée ou observée à l'horizontale comme à la verticale par un observateur. En conséquence, pour les chercheurs de la littérature moderne, c’est le surgissement de la notion de « sujet » qui engendre la notion du paysage dans son sens étymologique. En revanche, dans la poésie chinoise ancienne dont la syntaxe est nominale, l’être, comme prédicat dominant qui structure la vision du sujet vis-à-vis du paysage, est souvent absent. Le langage chinois reflète une perspective non-anthropocentrique du paysage en Chine ancienne. Une deuxième étude significative conduit à la révision de la conception canonique du paysage: Celle de l’art visuel et poétique ancien, qui permet d’écrire une préhistoire du paysage (les éléments naturels) et de proposer une théorie de l’émergence du paysage dans l’Antiquité. Cette tentative proposant la naissance du paysage dans l’Antiquité se distingue dès lors de celle qui la fait naître à la Renaissance. Je m’efforce d’esquiver « le grand récit » proclamant une vérité universellement valable, pour préconiser « les petits récits » qui précisent « les représentations localisées du domaine restreint ». J’ai choisi un certain nombre de thèmes fondamentaux concernant le paysage - le sublime, la Stimmung, les ruines et le vide -, que j’interroge sur des problématiques comme celle du lien entre sujet et objet, la conscience de l’histoire et le lieu de mémoire, etc. / This dissertation focuses on the representation of landscape in poetry and visual arts, with the reciprocal illumination of Western (mainly French and Antiquity) and Chinese culture. This research is inspired by the canonical definition of landscape that the landscape is a portion of space represented or observed horizontally or vertically by an observer. Accordingly, for researchers of modern literature, the emergence of the concept of "subject" generates the notion of landscape in the etymological sense. However, in ancient China, “be” as a predicate is often absent in poetry, especially in the nominal syntax. The Chinese language reflects a non-anthropocentric perspective of landscape, about which Stimmung and Qingjing (the emotion-landscape) deconstruct the notion of landscape structured by the “subject“. The Approach to the revision of the canonical landscape concept is to introduce the ancient visual art and poetry so as to write a prehistory as well as a history of landscape (natural elements) and to propose about the emergence of the landscape in Antiquity, even if I can not find a term corresponding exactly to the modern landscape. This attempt, proposing the birth of the landscape in ancient times, is different from the well-known claim that the landscape was born in the Renaissance. In this research, I try to dodge the "grand narrative" proclaiming a universally valid truth, but to advocate "small stories" that specify "localized representations of the restricted area." Thus, I chose four fundamental themes such as sublime, Stimmung, ruins and vide, so as to discuss the relationship between subject and object, consciousness of history and place of memory, etc.

À partir d’un corpus ouvert de photographes et de cinéastes coloristes qui ont une fascination pour le nocturne, cette thèse explore les différentes gradations et significations de celui-ci, des plus évidentes aux plus abstraites. La thèse s’attache alors à démontrer que le régime nocturne transforme l’obscurité en valeurs chromatiques et qu’il éclaire, avec une subtilité qu’occulte la vision diurne, les aspects les plus complexes de la société et de l’esprit humain. La confrontation des analyses de séquences filmiques et de photographies dans une perspective articulant esthétique, philosophie et histoire de l’art, a permis de construire la thèse autour de trois grandes notions, Distorsion, Sublimation, Transfiguration, qui fondent le nocturne comme catégorie esthétique de l’image.Le corpus principal organisé sur des critères externes (nocturne, couleur post-années 1960-70) et internes (processus esthétiques conjoints) est composé de séquences de films en couleurs de Stanley Kubrick (1928-1999), de David Lynch (1946), de Brian de Palma (1940), de Francis Ford Coppola (1939) et de séries photographiques de Gregory Crewdson (1962), Bill Henson (1955), Rut Blees Luxemburg (1967) et Daniel Boudinet (1945-1990).Le corpus secondaire est constitué de séries photographiques de Darren Almond (1971), Jean-Christian Bourcart (1960), Nicolas Dhervillers (1981), Laurent Hopp (1974), Chrystel Lebas (1966), d’extraits d’un court métrage d’Antoine Barraud (1973) et d’une série TV de Nic Pizzolatto (1975) et Justin Lin (1973), nécessaire pour finaliser la démonstration. / Based on a large corpus of colorist film directors and photographers who share a fascination for the nocturne, this thesis explores the different gradations and meanings of this one, from the more obvious to the more abstracts. The thesis endeavours to demonstrate how the nocturne reasserts the darkness values to turn them into colors, and how it illuminates, with a subtlety absent in diurnal vision, the more complex aspects of society as well as the human mind.The confrontation between picture and film sequences analysis, with a perspective articulating aesthetic, philosophy and art history, leads to three main concepts: Distortion, Sublimation and Transfiguration. Thereby it establishes the nocturne as an image’s aesthetic category in cinema and photography.The main corpus in cinema and photography, organised by externals criteria (nocturne, post-1960-1970 years color) and internals criteria (similar operating processes aesthetic), is established with the movie extracts of Stanley Kubrick (1928-1999), David Lynch (1946), Brian de Palma (1940), Francis Ford Coppola (1939) as well as the photographic series of Gregory Crewdson (1962), Bill Henson (1955), Rut Blees Luxemburg (1967) and Daniel Boudinet (1945-1990).The second is based on the photographic series of Darren Almond (1971), Jean-Christian Bourcart (1960), Nicolas Dhervillers (1981), Laurent Hopp (1974) and Chrystel Lebas (1966), as well as Antoine Barraud’s (1973) movie extracts. Finally, for the requirement of the demonstration, a Nic Pizzolatto (1975) and Justin Lin (1973) TV show.

This thesis examines trans women's contemporary writing in relation to a theory of the excessive object, sublimity, transmisogyny and minor literature. In doing so, this text is influenced by Susan Stryker's work on monstrosity, abjection and transgender rage in the article “My Words to Victor Frankenstein Above the Village of Chamounix: Performing Transgender Rage” (1994). The excessive object refers to a concept coined in this thesis to describe sublimity from another perspective than that of the tradition following from Immanuel Kant's A Critique of Judgment, building on feminist scholarship on the aesthetic of the sublime. Of particular relevance are critiques of the patriarchal dynamics of sublimity and the idea of the feminine sublime as it is explored with reference to literature by Barbara Freeman in The Feminine Sublime: Gender and Excess in Women's Fiction (1995). Following from the feminist critique of sublimity, trans women's writing is explored as minor literature through a re-reading of Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari's work on Franz Kafka in Kafka. Toward a Minor Literature (1986), with attention to the importance that conditions of impossibility, marginality and unintelligibility holds for the political possibilities of minor literature. These readings form the basis for an analysis of four literary texts by two contemporary authors, Elena Rose, also known as little light, and Sybil Lamb, in addition to a deeper re-engagement with Stryker's work. In so doing, this thesis also touches on topics of power, erasure, trauma, self-sacrifice, appropriation and unrepresentability.

In this dissertation the author argued for a postcolonial reading of the sublime that takes into account the racial and gendered underpinnings of Immanuel Kant's and Edmund Burke's classic theories. The thesis used the understanding of the sublime as a lens for an analysis of the cultural politics of landscape in a range of late imperial and early modern texts about Africa. A re-reading of Henry Morton Stanley's central African exploration narratives, John Buchan's African fiction and political writing, and later texts such as Alan Paton's fiction, autobiographies and travel writing, together with an analysis of colonial mountaineering discourse, suggest that non-metropolitan discourses of the sublime, far from being an outmoded rhetoric, could manage and contain the contradictions inherent in the aesthetic appreciation and appropriation of contested colonial landscapes.

In this dissertation the author argued for a postcolonial reading of the sublime that takes into account the racial and gendered underpinnings of Immanuel Kant's and Edmund Burke's classic theories. The thesis used the understanding of the sublime as a lens for an analysis of the cultural politics of landscape in a range of late imperial and early modern texts about Africa. A re-reading of Henry Morton Stanley's central African exploration narratives, John Buchan's African fiction and political writing, and later texts such as Alan Paton's fiction, autobiographies and travel writing, together with an analysis of colonial mountaineering discourse, suggest that non-metropolitan discourses of the sublime, far from being an outmoded rhetoric, could manage and contain the contradictions inherent in the aesthetic appreciation and appropriation of contested colonial landscapes.

The representation of Chancery court in Charles Dickens’ Bleak House (1852-3) emphasises the inaccessibility of this institution to members of the laity. Dickens’ critique of Chancery chimes with Pierre Bourdieu’s sociological description of law as a formalistic social field defined by practices of exclusion. Dickens’ Chancery is however further inaccessible since it departs from Dickens’ laypeople’s horizons of expectation as a bureaucratic organisation characterised by its structural dispersion and the generation of great quantities of writing. This thesis therefore scrutinises Dickens’ treatment of Chancery in light of media-theoretical and geocritical, as well as sociological, frameworks and perspectives. This essay demonstrates that Dickens’ account of the institution of Chancery as conceptually inaccessible amounts to what I term a non-world heuristic. I contend that Dickens’ take on law anticipates what Fredric Jameson famously theorises as the dizzying “global world system” of late capitalism; the non-world heuristic of Bleak House—which combats disorientation in the social domain of law—may thus be understood as an early example of what Jameson terms an “aesthetic of cognitive mapping.” The non-world heuristic, this thesis proposes, likely has a role to play also in fictional attempts to cognitively map the global world system. I theorise the non-world heuristic in light of the discourse on accessibility in possible-worlds theory and the Kantian sublime, finding that the sublime non-world of Chancery is made accessible as inaccessible and that this dynamic is integral to Dickens’ aesthetic both as a maker of cognitive maps and as a realist novelist.