Este trabalho de pesquisa apresenta algumas reflexões sobre a temática prisão, mais especificamente sobre as implicações do aprisionamento de homens e mulheres no exercício de direitos fundamentais de seus filhos, tendo em vista que em muitos casos de encarceramento do pai, da mãe ou de ambos a escolarização e a convivência familiar e comunitária ficam prejudicadas. O trabalho consiste em uma análise crítica da produção acadêmica, de dados e de informações sobre o exercício desses direitos por parte de crianças e adolescentes cujos pais estavam aprisionados no momento de realização dessa pesquisa. A pesquisa historia o processo de institucionalização de crianças no Brasil, com destaque para as políticas de atendimento em prol desta população ao longo da história deste país e foi possível verificar a precariedade e o descaso por parte do poder público na promoção de assistência a essas crianças e adolescentes, delegando à caridade cristã Católica e ao poder privado, na pessoa dos filantropos, a responsabilidade por atender esse setor marginalizado da sociedade. O texto apresenta também a historiografia da família, da criança e da educação, no intuito de aprofundar a investigação sobre políticas públicas de atendimento a crianças e adolescentes que são filhos de pais presos e por conseqüência do aprisionamento de seus progenitores se encontram em uma instituição de abrigo, assim como um breve histórico sobre a prisão e seus reflexos na vida daqueles que tiveram seus pais aprisionados. O objetivo desta pesquisa é dar mais visibilidade ao tema aqui proposto, contribuindo assim, para o debate, quiçá a melhoria de políticas de atendimento a crianças e adolescentes filhos de pais encarcerados. Para tanto, este trabalho apresenta uma aprofundada reflexão teórica acerca do tema e discute os dados empíricos da pesquisa, levantados através da realização de visitas aos abrigos. / This research presents some reflections about the subject prison, more specifically about the implications of the imprisonment of men and women in the exercise of fundamentals rights of their children, since in many cases of imprisonment of father, mother or both the schooling and the family and community life are harmed. The work consists in a review of the academic production, of data and of information about the exercise of these rights by children and teenagers which parents were imprisoned during the realization of this research. The study presents the historic of the institucionalization processes of children in Brazil, specially the care policies towards this population along the history of this country and it was possible to verify the precariousness and the neglect by the government in the promotion assistance to these children and teenagers, delegating to the Christian charity and to the private power, in the figure of philanthropists, the responsibility to serve this marginalized sector of the society. The text also presents the historiography of family, child and education, in order to deepen the investigation about public policies of attendance to children and teenagers who are children of imprisoned parents and due to the imprisonment of their parents they are in a youth shelter, as well as a short historic about prison and how it reflects in the life of those who had their parents jailed. The objective of this research is to give more visibility to the subject which is here proposed, contributing, this way, to the debate, perhaps the improvement of the policies of attendance to children and teenagers, children of imprisoned parents. For this purpose, this work presents a depth theoretical reflection about the subject and discuss the empirical data of the research, raised through visits to youth shelters.

A epilepsia associada a tumor cerebral é uma condição debilitante, causadora de importante prejuízo sobre a qualidade de vida dos que sofrem desta condição. Relacionada à grande refratariedade ao tratamento medicamentoso, tanto a epilepsia quanto o uso de drogas antiepilépticas (DAEs) predispõem à deterioração das funções cognitivas. Em casos raros, a epilepsia secundária a tumor cerebral pode ser devastadora, aumentando os riscos de morte súbita. Buscando auxiliar a tomada de decisões e enfatizando os benefícios de uma discussão ampla entre equipes de oncologia, neurologia infantil, epilepsia e neurocirurgia, este trabalho objetiva descrever as características clínicas gerais, eletroencefalográficas, histopatológicas dos pacientes, verificar o impacto do tratamento cirúrgico sobre a epilepsia quanto ao desfecho clínico relacionado ao controle das crises, comparar os resultados da avaliação cognitiva nos períodos pré e pós-operatórios e descrever a ocorrência de complicações cirúrgicas intra-operatórias, pós-operatórias e óbitos. Trata-se de estudo observacional transversal retrospectivo, por revisão de prontuários de pacientes com idade inferior a 19 anos quando submetidos à cirurgia para tratamento de epilepsia refratária secundária a tumores cerebrais entre 1996 e 2013, pela equipe do Centro de Cirurgia de Epilepsia do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto. Para análise dos desfechos quanto à incidência de crises, utilizou-se a classificação de Engel, adaptada para uso após o primeiro ano da cirurgia. Procedeu-se à análise descritiva dos dados. Foram incluídas 27 crianças, com média de 6,0 anos (3 meses a 15,8 anos) no início dos sintomas. O intervalo entre o início das crises epilépticas e o diagnóstico do tumor foi de 3,6 anos (um mês a 14,5 anos). A média da quantidade de drogas antiepilépticas (DAEs) utilizadas antes da cirurgia foi 3,6. A média da idade no diagnóstico do tumor cerebral foi 9,7 anos (10 meses a 16,8 anos). A localização do tumor foi lobo temporal em 59,2%, sendo ganglioglioma e DNET os mais frequentes, em igual proporção, 33,3%. Envolvimento de área eloquente ocorreu em 18,5%. A vídeomonitorização eletrográfica evidenciou descargas focais na área tumoral em 85,2%. O intervalo entre o diagnóstico tumoral e a realização da cirurgia foi de 1,5 anos (dias a 7 anos). A média de idade dos pacientes no momento da cirurgia foi 11,3 anos (3 a 17, 4 anos). A ressecção tumoral foi completa em 88,8% dos pacientes. Complicação pós-cirúrgica, osteomielite, ocorreu em 1 (3,7%). Um paciente (3,7%) com oligodendroglioma anaplásico foi a óbito após 2 anos da cirurgia. Os desfechos clínicos relacionados ao controle de crises dos pacientes submetidos à cirurgia foram satisfatórios, com Engel I correspondendo a 92,6% no primeiro ano pós-operatório. Apenas 14,8% apresentaram Engel III - IV durante todo o período de seguimento. A média do tempo para retirada das DAEs após a cirurgia foi de 3,2 anos (1,7 a 7 anos). Alterações neurológicas após a cirurgia ocorreram em 18,5%, sendo os déficits neurológicos focais transitórios. Evoluíram com melhora do perfil intelectual 31,3%, inalterado 50% e piora 18,7%. A cirurgia para tratamento da epilepsia secundária a tumor cerebral evidenciou-se uma modalidade terapêutica potencialmente curativa e segura, portanto, o diagnóstico tumoral não pode ser postergado / Tumor-associated epilepsy is a debilitating condition causing injury to the quality of life of those who suffer from a brain tumor. It has been shown to have a greater refractivity to antiepileptic drug therapy. Both epilepsy and the use of antiepileptic drugs have a predisposition to the deterioration of cognitive functions. In rare cases tumor-associated epilepsy can be devastating, increasing the risk of sudden death. Seeking help with decisionmaking and emphasizing the benefits of a broad discussion among oncology teams, child neurology, epilepsy and neurosurgery, this paper describes the general, clinical, electroencephalographic, and histopathological patient characteristics, verifies the impact of surgical treatment of epilepsy as the clinical outcome related to the control of seizures, compares the result of cognitive assessment in the pre to the postoperative and describes the occurrence of intraoperative surgical complications and postoperative deaths. It is a retrospective cross-sectional observational study, by review of medical records of patients under the age of 19 who underwent surgery to treat tumor-associated epilepsy between 1996 and 2013, by the Epilepsy Surgery Center of the Hospital of School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo University. For analysis of outcomes in the incidence of crises, the Engel classification was used and adapted for use after the first year of surgery. It was used with the descriptive analysis of the data. Twenty seven children were included, with a mean of 6.0 years (3 months to 15.8 years) at the beginning of symptoms. The interval between the onset of seizures and the diagnosis of the tumor was 3.6 years (1 month to 14.5 years). The average number of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) used before surgery was 3.6. The average age at diagnosis of brain tumor was 9.7 years (10 months to 16.8 years). The tumor site was the temporal lobe in 59.2% of patients and ganglioglioma and DNET were the most common, in equal proportion, 33.3%. Eloquent area of involvement occurred in 18.5%. The electrographic video monitoring showed focal discharges at the tumor site in 85.2% of patients. The interval between tumor diagnosis and the surgery was 1.5 years (days to 7 years). The average patient age at surgery was 11.3 years (3-17, 4 years). Tumor resection was complete in 88.8% of patients. Post-surgical complication, osteomyelitis, occurred in 1 (3.7%) of patients. Only one patient (3,7%) had anaplastic oligodendroglioma and dead two years after surgery. Clinical outcomes related to the control of seizures in patients undergoing surgery were satisfactory, with Engel I corresponding to 92,6% in the first year of follow up. Only 14.8% had Engel III - IV during the follow-up period. The average time for withdrawal of AEDs after surgery was 3.2 years (1.7 to 7 years). Neurological changes after surgery occurred in 18.5%, and were transient focal neurological deficits. The improvement of the intellectual profile occurred in 31.3%, unchanged in 50% and 18.7% worsened. Surgery to treat tumor-associated epilepsy showed up a potentially curative and safe therapeutic modality, therefore, tumor diagnosis cannot be postponed

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-09-20T13:20:05Z No. of bitstreams: 1 alessandracostacampos.pdf: 1216383 bytes, checksum: 7bb94dc88d6c491793fddca0f6465ee9 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Diamantino Mayra (mayra.diamantino@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-09-26T20:24:11Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 alessandracostacampos.pdf: 1216383 bytes, checksum: 7bb94dc88d6c491793fddca0f6465ee9 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-26T20:24:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 alessandracostacampos.pdf: 1216383 bytes, checksum: 7bb94dc88d6c491793fddca0f6465ee9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-08-31 / A atual política de drogas brasileira trouxe alterações no que diz respeito ao tratamento usualmente destinado aos usuários. Destacou-se na última década a implantação dos Centros de Atenção Psicossocial Alcóol Drogas (CAPS AD). O documento ―Política do Ministério da Saúde para Atenção aos Usuários de Alcool e Outras Drogas‖ assinalou a necessidade de se estabelecer políticas capazes de promover a atenção à população infantojuvenil em todos os níveis. Não observamos, todavia, neste documento, a adoção de metodologias concretas para o atendimento desta população. Este estudo objetivou analisar a contribuição do CAPS AD de Juiz de Fora/ MG, recém-instalado no município, no atendimento aos adolescentes usuários de drogas ilícitas encaminhados pela Vara da Infância e Juventude (VIJ/TJMG). Para isso, realizamos entrevistas junto à assistente social do CAPS AD-jf e a nove adolescentes atendidos pela VIJ, que aceitaram participar da pesquisa, sendo aplicados aos mesmos questionários semi-abertos. A conclusão do estudo apontou para o nãodesenvolvimento, no equipamento juizdeforano, de metodologias específicas voltadas para o público adolescente, sendo o atendimento, inclusive, restrito quanto a determinados procedimentos (a exemplo das oficinas), os quais são realizados exclusivamente pela população adulta. Diante do estudo realizado, avaliamos serem ainda tímidos os avanços obtidos a partir da nova política de drogas brasileira no que tange à interlocução adolescência e drogas. / The most recent Brazilian politics on drugs has brought changes in regards to the treatment usually offered to the users. During the last decad what has been in the forefront is the opening of centers of psychological and social attention for alcohol and drugs (CAPS AD). The document ―Health Ministry‘s Politics for the attention to the users of alcohol and other drugs‖ presented the need of establishing politics that are able to promote the attention to the child-adolescent public in all levels. Although, one cannot observe, in this document, the adoption of concrete methodologies for the care of this population. This study has had as an objective to analyze the contribution of the CAPS AD in Juiz de Fora / MG, recently created in the county, caring for teenage users of illicit drugs that have been sent by the Child and Adolescent Court (VIT/TJMG). To achieve this we interviewed nine teenagers, accompanied by the Social Worker of the program CAPS AD – JF, cared for by the program (VIJ), that willingly accepted to participate in the research, with whom the same questionnaire was applied. The conclusion of the study brought forth the under development of the equipment in Juiz de Fora, the specific methodologies focusing the teenage public, being that the care, including, restricted as determined procedures (as an example the work shops), that are practiced exclusively by the adult population. The present study allows us to evaluate that there are still advances to be made, based on the new Brazilian drug politics in regards to the teenage drug use.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2018-05-23T11:59:56Z No. of bitstreams: 0 / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2018-05-23T12:53:34Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-23T12:53:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2018-03-26 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / O hábito alimentar dos jovens é caracterizado principalmente por refeições irregulares, lanches rápidos, alimentação fora de casa e a prática de seguir dietas alternativas. O conjunto de tais características, associadas principalmente ao consumo desenfreado de alimentos com alto valor calórico e, aliado ao sedentarismo, está produzindo uma geração com altos índices de sobrepeso e obesidade, sendo considerado um problema emergente de saúde pública em todo o mundo. Desse modo, reforça-se a necessidade da implementação de ações e políticas públicas mais eficientes para a promoção da saúde e o estímulo à mudança de estilo de vida, com enfoque na educação nutricional. Destaca-se que para maior eficácia dessas ações, é de suma importância, o conhecimento dos determinantes do consumo alimentar da população de estudo, por definir, ou esclarecer, o motivo pelo qual os adolescentes consomem determinados tipos de alimentos, proporcionando subsídios para o planejamento de intervenções nutricionais. Diante do exposto, o objetivo do estudo foi avaliar o consumo alimentar e o padrão de compra de adolescentes de escolas públicas e privadas do município de Juiz de Fora – MG. A coleta de dados, foi feita através do projeto denominado Mercado Escola, no qual foram coletados dados antropométricos, segundo as recomendações do Ministério da Saúde, dados relativos a hábitos alimentares e satisfação com a imagem corporal, através de questionários e dados sobre a compra de gêneros alimentícios, por meio da simulação de compras em um mini mercado. Para a análise dos dados antropométricos, foi utilizado o software WHOAntroplus considerando os valores de z-escore para o índice de massa corporal segundo a idade e estatura para a idade. Os hábitos alimentares foram analisados no programa Dietwin, mediante o cálculo da contribuição energética dos alimentos, que foram previamente classificados de acordo com o seu grau de processamento. Para a determinação do padrão de compras, inicialmente foram contabilizados todos os alimentos adquiridos pelos adolescentes de acordo com seu grau de processamento e com o software R-studio, procedeu-se a análise de cluster, em que os adolescentes foram agrupados de acordo com a semelhança de suas compras. O projeto percorreu, 10 escolas, dentre elas, 6 da rede pública e 4 da rede privada, escolhidas por conveniência. O período de coleta foi de maio de 2016 a outubro de 2017 e contou com a participação de 660 adolescentes, desses, 58,7% eram pertencentes a rede pública de ensino, com mediana de idade de 13 anos (1016). Em relação ao estado nutricional, 1,5% encontravam-se com a estatura inadequada para a idade, 30,93% apresentavam excesso de gordura abdominal e 34,4% excesso de peso. Foram encontrados 4 padrões alimentares (saudável, restrito, excesso e junk food). Em relação as características do consumo alimentar, o percentual de contribuição da mediana de consumo dos alimentos in natura foi de 42,34 (0-100), processados 17,17 (0-83,74) e ultraprocessados 32,21 (0-98,84). Espera-se que os achados do presente estudo auxiliem na implementação de medidas e ações públicas, voltadas para a população adolescente, que promovam a alimentação saudável e consequentemente reduzam as taxas de sobrepeso e obesidade. / The eating habits of young people are mainly characterized by irregular meals, snacks, meals outside the home and the practice of alternative diets. The set of such characteristics, associated mainly with the rampant consumption of foods with high caloric value and, together with the sedentary lifestyle, is producing a generation with high rates of overweight and obesity, being considered an emerging problem of public health around the world. Thus, the need to implement more efficient public policies and actions for health promotion and the stimulation of lifestyle change, with a focus on nutritional education, is reinforced. It is worth noting that for a greater effectiveness of these actions, knowledge of the determinants of food consumption of the study population is important, since it defines or clarifies the reason adolescents consume certain types of food, providing subsidies for planning nutritional interventions. In view of the above, the objective of the study was to evaluate the determinants of food consumption and the purchasing pattern of adolescents from public and private schools in the city of Juiz de Fora - MG. The data collection was done through the project called Market School, in which anthropometric data were collected, according to the recommendations of the Ministry of Health, data on eating habits and satisfaction with body image, through questionnaires and data on purchases of foodstuffs, through the simulation of purchases in a mini market. For the analysis of the anthropometric data, the WHOAntroplus software was used and the z-score values for the body mass index according to age and height for the age were found. Dietary habits were analyzed in the Dietwin program by calculating the energy contribution of food, which were previously classified according to their degree of processing. In order to determine the purchasing pattern, all the foods purchased by the adolescents according to their degree of processing and R-studio software were initially counted, the cluster analysis was performed, in which the adolescents were grouped according to the similarity of their purchases. The project went through 10 schools, among them, 6 of the public network and 4 of the private network, chosen for convenience. The collection period was from May 2016 to October 2017 and involved the participation of 660 adolescents, of whom 58.7% belonged to the public school system, with a median age of 13 years (10-16). Regarding nutritional status, 1.5% were of inadequate height for age, 30.93% had abdominal fat excess and 34.4% were overweight. We found 4 eating patterns (healthy, restricted, excess and junk food). Regarding the characteristics of the food consumption, the contribution percentage of the median fresh food consumption was 42.34 (0-100), processed 17,17 (0-83,74) and ultraprocessed 32,21 (0- 98,84). It is hoped that the findings of the present study will serve to implement public measures and actions, aimed at the adolescent population, that promote healthy eating and consequently reduce the rates of overweight and obesity.

D. Cur. / The greatest potential developed by mankind this century is the increasing awareness of one's portfolio of rights. Amongst the many rights expressed verbally, is the right to mental health. Adolescents whose parents abuse substances also qualify for this right. Fortunately, rights can be earned. Adolescents can acquire the right to mental health if they act in such a way that this will persuade others to notice and listen to them. The reality is that all efforts made towards promoting mental health of these adolescents will improve their general well-being. Mental health is generally regarded as an integral component of a human's emotional, social, spiritual and physical well-being. There is substantial evidence that adolescents living in families whose members abuse substances have difficulty in facilitating their own self-development. As a result, they are deprived of the capacity to mobilise their inner resources promoting their mental health. The study utilised a theory generative, qualitative, explorative, descriptive and contextual design. Two main samples were used. Firstly, adolescents in Grade 11 whose parents abuse substances, who at that time lived in and around rural villages within a 20 km radius of Mafikeng in the North West Province participated as respondents. The second group consist of key community leaders which consisted of groups from the Chiefs Council, police officers, community nurses and ministers of the Christian congregations. The main question that was posed during in-depth group interviews was, "How can adolescents whose parents abuse substances improve their life situations?" Adolescents and traditional healers were interviewed on a one-to-one level. A central question that adolescents had to answer was: "How can you be assisted to improve your day-to-day life?" Informed consent had been obtained from all participating adolescents and their "gatekeepers" (Cresswell, 1994: 142) and the reasons for conducting the research study were explained to all of them. The theory for this thesis has been derived inductively from data obtained from interviews with adolescents, key community people and field notes. Approaches that were used to generate theory are those suggested by Chinn and Kramer (1991: 80-108). In addition, the reasoning strategies that were employed are the analysis, synthesis, inductive and deductive methods described by Tesch (in Creswell, 1994: 155). The results were verified during literature control. Emerging from the results is a strong belief that adolescents selfdevelopment will assist them to overcome the difficulties related to their parents' substance abuse. They can do that by becoming actively involved in the process of improving their social, physical, psychological and spiritual dimensions. Concepts obtained from the results of the interviews were defined according to the steps described in Wandelt and Steward (1975: 64-69), Chinn and Kramer (1991: 84) and Copi (1987: 169). In relation to this, the term self-development was examined by using dictionary definitions, subject definitions and a model case description. Self-responsibility, facilitation and conscious-awareness were identified as essential criteria to selfdevelopment. Measures that were used to maintain trustworthiness in this thesis are truthvalue, applicability, consistency and neutrality (Guba & Lincoln, 1985: 290). The model of self-development therefore emphasises the active participation of adolescents in self-development to develop self-responsibility in their own empowerment. It is envisaged that as adolescents take self-responsibility they will discover the inherent capacities based on their body-mind-spirit and thereby improve their locus of control. Undoubtedly people can gain these capacities through their acquisition of skills, beliefs, attitudes, thoughts and values which enable them to step beyond the environment of substance abuse. This thesis therefore proposes a model of self-development on which guidelines for the advanced psychiatric nurse practitioner can be operationalised. This will assist adolescents to become self-aware and reorganise themselves in order to continue in the lifelong process of self-development.

In South Africa today, the numbers of drug-dependent adolescents are increasing at alarming rates. These adolescents require rehabilitation. The numbers of institutions that offer drug rehabilitation services are also growing exponentially. However, the programs followed by the institutions are wide ranging in nature and are not controlled by government or a professional body. Although these institutions claim individual successes, their success rates – especially in regard of adolescents – is highly subjective and suspect. The discipline of educational psychology is uniquely capable of setting objective criteria to which all programs for drug-dependent adolescents should comply. Educational psychology emphasizes two important aspects of human development: The educational and the psychological. Moreover, it gives considerable weight to the adolescent’s participation in her own development. The uncontrolled use of dependence-forming substances by adolescents negatively influences every level of their physical, emotional, cognitive, psychological and social development. To facilitate their growth to responsible adulthood, specialized treatment is required to address specific adolescent developmental tasks and needs. It has become imperative that the programs offered to adolescents in South Africa be analysed and examined critically in order to determine whether they comply with the dictates of a responsible educational-psychological approach. It is against this background that a research study was undertaken to investigate the current position of drug rehabilitation programs for adolescents offered by centres and clinics in South Africa. The aim of this study was to determine and describe educational-psychological criteria to evaluate the suitability of current programs that are offered to drug dependent adolescents in this country. A theoretical framework was developed by an extensive literary research. This framework formed the foundation of an empirical study. The initial stage of the empirical study – the identification of drug rehabilitation centres and clinics that offer in-patient treatment for adolescents – was hampered by the lack of government involvement in the registration and monitoring of such centres and clinics and the programs they offer. No database containing information on drug use, drug misuse and drug dependence, as well as places and methods of rehabilitation, exists. Identified institutions were contacted and requested to participate in this research. Several refused. The centres and clinics that were willing to assist and offered unique programs, were visited. In several instances one centre was visited and described as representative of several centres or clinics that offer programs based on a similar approach. Documentation regarding drug rehabilitation programs were perused. Interviews with adolescents – whose parents had given permission for their participation – and with available parents and staff were recorded and transcribed. The transcriptions were qualitatively analysed. Educational-psychological criteria that address the specific development needs of adolescents were identified. This research found that although some programs address some minor educationalpsychological aspects of the adolescent’s substance problem, not one of the in-patient programs addressed the problem holistically by emphasizing the development and needs of these adolescents. The effect of these programs on the educationalpsychological development of adolescents moving towards responsible adulthood, must be questioned. The educational-psychological criteria – as set out in this research study – should be applied to in-patient drug rehabilitation programs for adolescents in South Africa to increase the quality and success of the said programs. Through such an approach, adolescents are valued as individuals who have to complete general developmental tasks successfully to arrive at a responsible and meaningful adulthood. / Prof. J.C. Kok

Magister Artium - MA / Globally, teenage pregnancy remains a disturbing phenomenon which impacts on the lives of teenagers, their families and society as a whole. Numerous attempts at addressing the problem have seen a decline in fertility rates but agreement still exists that the incidence of young girls bearing children is unacceptably high. Studies conducted over the years have emphasised both the causes and consequences of teenage births. Many studies too have explored the benefits of preventative strategies. Yet, despite all this, teenage pregnancy remains a cause for concern with many teenage girls remaining sexually active after a first pregnancy, and exposing themselves to subsequent pregnancies and births. This study was focused on teenage girls who had experienced unintended repeat pregnancies. Through the research a deeper understanding of the meanings that female teenagers ascribe to repeat pregnancies, were sought. A sample group of teenage mothers were allowed to take a step back from their experience of the repeat pregnancy; to think deeply about the experience, and to reflect on what they had learnt and how it has impacted on their current lives. The researcher employed a qualitative approach with a descriptive, explorative design in order to obtain a rich description of the experiences of teenage mothers who have been through a repeat pregnancy. The goal of the study was to explore and describe the reflections of these teenage mothers who had experienced unintended, repeat pregnancies. Data was obtained through semi-structured individual interviews where an interview guide was used. The data was analysed according to the steps outlined by Creswell (2009). Findings were noted and recommendations made. These recommendations are designed for role-players involved with teenagers and youth in general. Emphasis was placed on recommendations to professionals, like educators, healthcare workers and social workers who are at the coalface of dealing with teenagers who engage in sexual activity. Finally, recommendations for further research were made.

The main topic of this master thesis is modern opinion leaders and their influence on consumption behavior of teenagers. The aim of the thesis is to characterize the opinion leaders of the modern age, to analyze their area of influence and to derive their influence on the consumer behavior of adolescents. The partial aim of the master thesis is the comparison of boys and girls. In the theoretical part, opinion leaders are defined, as well as their social networking and their influence in the marketing purposes. The consumer behavior of teenagers and the types of opinion leaders who influence them are described in detail. The practical part deals with social media influencers and determines the degree of their influence on teenagers' purchases. The actual research was carried out through questionnaire surveys and group discussions.

Please read the abstract in the section 00front of this document / Dissertation (M Ed (Educational Guidance and Counselling))--University of Pretoria, 2007. / Educational Psychology / unrestricted

The central problem guiding this research focuses on the nature of Siyabuswa adolescent learners' future perspective. An in-depth literature study pertaining research methodology was undertaken. Qualitative research methodology was applied to gather information. A situation analysis was conducted in order to scrutinize the orientation of learners towards education and to determine the nature and impact of parental involvement, on the future perspective of their adolescent learners. A pilot study was executed and data gathered for this study were analysed and interpreted. The results served as indicators for the compiling of questionnaires for the unstructured interviews with parents and adolescents. The empirical study indicated various factors that impact negatively on the future perspective of the Siyabuswa adolescent learners. Learners were negatively affected by the following: <ul><li> Surrogate parenting. </li><li> Educational level of parents. </li><li> Learning culture. </li><li> Personal circumstances of parents. </li><li> Teachers' attitude in the Siyabuswa area. </li><li>The impact of the country's state of affairs. <br></li></ul> Two main questions of the study were answered as follows: The nature of the future perspective of the adolescent learners in the Siyabuswa area reflected: <ul><li> a negative attitude towards school tasks, </li><li>a negative attitude towards authority, </li><li> a negative attitude towards the "self",</li><li> failure to comply to academic demands, </li><li>poor school attendance, </li><li> non participation in school-related co-curriculum activities, and </li><li>lack of self-responsibility. <br></li></ul> The nature and extent of parental involvement in the development of the adolescent learners' future perspective indicated that: <ul><li> parents do not set examples by reading for pleasure, </li><li> limited provision of extra learning material is made available at home, </li><li> limited goal setting for the year is done with the child, </li><li> parents lack interest in their children's school work and school related activities, </li><li> limited motivation and encouragement is provided, and </li><li>limited authoritative guidance and control is offered. <br></li></ul> / Dissertation (MEd (Orthopedagogics))--University of Pretoria, 2005. / Educational Psychology / unrestricted