M.Ed. (Media Studies) / The pertinent question which is asked in this study is what is intended by the word "education" in a broadcasting context ; especially if a broadcasting corporation such as the SWABC has explicitly declared its selfimposed task to be to en tertain, to inform and to educate. It is being investigated how such education should be provided ; how it should be organised and managed ; and whether it is at all the task of the SWABC to educate, or whether the corporation is not merely entertainment and information medium. It seems that since the development of radio in the twenties and of television in the fifties both radio and TV have been used for educational, instructional and guidance purposes. From the onset the formal component and the objectives were more clearly defined than the non-formal, which have only in recent years become better defined and have taken form as far as domain , methods, target, contents and purpose are concerned. Non-formal ER and ETV are specialised broadcasting disciplines which have developed a systematic and special methodology whereby programmes modelled on scientifically identified learning needs in the community are planned, produced, broadcast and utiIised. This is more than just education; it has to be instructional in the broadest sense of the word. Knowledge and expertise invaluable to the human existence have to be conveyed. It also includes values and norms. Non-formal ER and ETV are targeted at adults and non-adults outside a school and tertiary educational context. It moves on both the pedagogical and the andragogical terrains and as a broadcasting discipline will have to draw from both pedagogy and the andragogy. Non-formal ER and ETV cannot be planned and operated in isolation by the SWABC. It has to issue forth from a national educational and development strategy. Learning deficiencies and objectives have to be determined and formulated on a national level.

This qualitative research study explores the use of television as text in adult literacy as a means of bridging orality and literacy. The reason for selecting television as an educational tool was to provide equal access to stories for both non-readers and readers of print, and the 22 research participants were required to complete a survey and participate in four 2-hour workshops, and a taped interview. During the workshops, participants learned to actively engage with the texts that were edited stories from the Canadian television series North of 60. The researcher included reading strategies to encourage the participants' interaction with the texts as active "readers" (see Fiske, 1987; Buckingham, 1993; Bianculli, 1992) and brainstorming to increase their vocabulary prior to writing reflective responses. First, how television as text influences an adult literacy student's ability to transfer information from oral texts into print texts is analyzed. The findings indicate that television allows non-readers, reluctant readers, and delayed readers of English to learn literary terms and conventions that apply to print stories and practise four domains of language acquisition - listening, speaking, reading, and writing. A selection of each participant's written responses to the stories and interview fragments have been analyzed. Whenever possible, the selection is based on a participant's favorite story or personal connection to a character. Second, the effect of brainstorming on written responses has been examined. This technique is a pre-writing strategy the researcher used not only to assist the participants in recording vocabulary relevant to the story, but also to provide opportunities for sharing ideas in the construction of meaning. Based on data collected during the interviews, individuals with short-term memory problems indicate that repetition of vocabulary through brainstorming, note-taking, and discussion reinforces memory retention, and second language learners gain knowledge of pronunciation by hearing and rehearsing vocabulary from the stories. Third, factors contributing to the participants' reflective oral and written responses to the television stories have been analyzed. The main factors contributing to reflective thinking and writing involve the research pedagogy and the development of reflective skills through practice. The researcher's reflective methodology combines phenomenology, critical ethnography, and emancipatory practice from the diverse perspectives of van Manen (1990), Haig- Brown and Archibald (1996), and Freire (1974,1994,1997,1998) who have informed this study together with other researchers in the respective fields. This method situates the research participants and the researcher in a partnership in which everyone contributes through dialogue to the learning process. / Education, Faculty of / Language and Literacy Education (LLED), Department of / Graduate

The problem of this study was a content analysis of art and art-related vocabulary utilized in selected children's leisure time television viewing. Three programs (Misterogers Neighborhood, Sesame Street, and The Electric Company) were selected for the analysis. Audio tapes were made, transcribed, and analyzed for the art and artrelated words based on contextual usage. The analysis of the resulting 223-page tapescript revealed 467 art and art-related words which occurred a total of 3,668 times. The identified art and art-related words were subsequently sorted into five categories by systematically applying specific criteria. The conclusion was that television is limiting in art and art-related vocabulary as a viable language source.

published_or_final_version / Education / Master / Master of Education

This paper compares the different approaches to programming taken by KERA--TV Instructional Services Division and by Israel's Instructional Television Center This study first examines the historical development of instructional television in the United States, particularly in Dallas, and in Israel, Next examined are the differences and the similarities between the stations' programming processes. Finally, the study examines the perceived achievements of programming goals set by each station. This report concludes that the stations' differences in their approach to programming are rooted in their historical developments, and discusses the opposite directions which the stations' programming processes are currently developing,

M.Ed. (Education) / Please refer to full text to view abstract

It is the purpose of this study to determine if there are any ways and means by which television may be used effectively as an instructional aid in programs of education, and special attention will be given to ways and means of using television in the teaching of industrial arts.

The purposes of this study were (1) to compare the achievement levels of students enrolled in a beginning college mathematics course when taught by (a) closed-circuit television followed by student-assisted study periods, (b) closed circuit television followed by access to videotape replay with no supervised study periods, (c) closed-circuit television followed by unsupervised study and discussion, and (d) regular lecture-recitation methods conducted by the television instructor, and (2) to ascertain the students' attitudes toward their instructor, course, and method of instruction.

The purpose of this paper is to establish a need for more accessible fine arts courses offered to adults and more specifically in music, to design a series of programs that would give an introduction to beginning functional piano through the use of educational television. The paper includes ten lesson outlines for thirty minute program segments including a pilot script. This educational television series is designed to stimulate the student's continued playing of the piano with guided instruction through class or private lessons. A particular method of piano pedagogy used for educational television is explored. Procedures followed in order to be able to film the project are also covered, It is suggested that a survey in the particular viewing audience area be conducted and tests given to a cross-section of adults before implementation of the program.

Esta pesquisa apresenta uma reflexão sobre a televisão digital como forma de ampliação do acesso da sociedade a informações relevantes para sua formação cultural e promoção da cidadania e o cenário de sua inserção nos contextos escolares e educativos brasileiros. O trabalho fornece subsídios teóricos, conceituais e históricos necessários para os debates de educadores e agentes dos sistemas de educação sobre a implementação e uso da televisão digital no cotidiano escolar. Resgata experiências anteriores de utilização da televisão na escola no período pós-LDB, além de mapear as pesquisas sobre o tema. Estão agrupadas informações sobre a origem e a história da televisão convencional analógica, sobre o computador e sobre a televisão digital apresentando os preceitos técnicos e teóricos relacionados com a integração dessas três tecnologias. Em seguida, desenvolve uma reflexão que articula os conceitos, o contexto e as perspectivas para uso educativo da televisão digital no Brasil com base em implicações pedagógicas constatadas na revisão de estudos anteriores. São propostos tópicos específicos relacionados à prospecção e ao desenvolvimento dos futuros projetos de implementação da tecnologia no contexto educativo contemporâneo nos domínios da televisão digital e dos recursos computacionais. A metodologia se desenvolveu na esfera da pesquisa bibliográfica e documental por meio do método da documentação indireta, predominantemente, embora também baseada em documentos de fontes primarias (documentação direta), em menor escala. A investigação infere que alguns dos princípios norteadores para a implementação e uso da televisão digital nos contextos escolares são a criação de condições de acesso dos alunos e professores à tecnologia para expansão da construção coletiva de conhecimentos; a concepção de meios para o desenvolvimento de competências e habilidades que valorizem a formação dos agentes da educação; o desenvolvimento de uma rede universal constituída por diferentes agrupamentos sociais; e integração do uso com os programas curriculares. A incorporação da televisão digital na escola numa perspectiva inovadora requer uma revisão dos projetos político-pedagogicos; uma ampliação dos recursos financeiros para capacitação técnico-pedagógica de seus usuários do contexto escolar; fomento para o desenvolvimento de experiências que explorem suas possibilidades pedagógicas; e criação de oportunidades para o desenvolvimento do trabalho autoral cooperativo e colaborativo. / The article treats a reflection on the digital television as a tool to expand the society access to information for its cultural formation and promotion of the citizenship as well as the role of its insertion in both educational and school Brazilian contexts. This study supplies the required theoretical, conceptual and historical support necessary to the debates among educationalists and agents of the educational system on the implantation and use of the digital television within the school daily life. It recovers previous experiences of use of the television within the school during the post LDB period, besides tracking other research on the theme. The study gathers information on the origin and history of the conventional analogical television, the computer and the digital television, presenting the technical and theoretical precepts related to the integration of these three mentioned technologies. Afterwards, it develops a reflection which articulates the concepts, the context and the prospects for the educational use of the Digital Television in Brazil. It also proposes specific topics related to the marketing and development of further projects of implementation of the technology in the contemporary educational contexts in the domains of the Digital Television and computational resources. The methodology used was based on the literature, mainly by the secondary documentation method although primary documentation was required in lesser scale. The research shows that some of the guiding principles for the implementation and use of the digital television within the school contexts are the creation of conditions of access of the students and teachers to the technology for expansion of the collective construction of knowledge; the stance of means for the competences and abilities development which value the formation of the educational agents; the development of a universal network formed by different social groupings; integration of the use with the current curricular programs. The incorporation of the digital television in the school in an innovative perspective requires a revision of the political-pedagogical projects; extension of the investments for the technical-pedagogical qualification of its users in the school context; promotion for the development of experiences which explore its pedagogical possibilities; and creation of opportunities for the development of the cooperative and collaborative work.