Orientadores: Fernando Jose Von Zuben, Leandro Nunes de Castro / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Eletrica e de Computação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-15T01:42:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Gomes_LalinkadeCamposTeixeira_D.pdf: 3303378 bytes, checksum: 65adc8d5ec20cd1f431eaca2fe3765cc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / Resumo: Problemas de otimização combinatória apresentam grande relevância prática e surgem em uma ampla gama de aplicações. Em geral, a otimização combinatória está associada a uma explosão de candidatos à solução, inviabilizando a aplicação de métodos exatos. Frente à intratabilidade desta classe de problemas via métodos exatos, nos últimos anos tem havido um crescente interesse por métodos heurísticos capazes de encontrar soluções de alta qualidade, não necessariamente ótimas. Considerando o notório sucesso empírico de meta-heurísticas concebidas através da inspiração biológica e na natureza, essas abordagens vêm ganhando cada vez mais atenção por parte de pesquisadores. É fato conhecido que não existe uma única metodologia capaz de sempre produzir os melhores resultados para todas as classes de problemas, ou mesmo para todas as instâncias de uma mesma classe. Assim, a busca de solução para problemas de natureza combinatória constitui uma linha de pesquisa desafiadora. Nesta tese são considerados problemas de otimização combinatória multicritério e multimodal. Como principal contribuição, destaca-se a concepção de novas meta-heurísticas para a solução de problemas combinatórios de elevada complexidade, tendo sido propostas duas classes de ferramentas computacionais. A primeira envolve um método híbrido fundamentado em mapas auto-organizáveis de Kohonen e inferência nebulosa, em que um conjunto de regras guia o processo de treinamento do mapa de modo a permitir o tratamento de problemas com restrições e múltiplos objetivos. A segunda abordagem baseia-se em sistemas imunológicos artificiais. Em particular, a abordagem imunológica levou à proposição de meta-heurísticas capazes de encontrar e manter diversas soluções de alta qualidade, viabilizando o tratamento de problemas multimodais. Como casos de estudo, foram consideradas duas classes de problemas de otimização combinatória multimodal: o problema de roteamento de veículos capacitados e o problema do caixeiro viajante simétrico. As técnicas propostas foram também adaptadas para a solução de problemas de bioinformática, em particular ao problema de análise de dados de expressão gênica, produzindo resultados diferenciados e indicando um elevado potencial para aplicações práticas. / Abstract: Combinatorial optimization problems possess a high practical relevance and emerge on a wide range of applications. Usually, combinatorial optimization is associated with an explosion of candidates to the solution, making exact methods unfeasible. Before the unfeasibility of exact methods when dealing with this class of problems, lately there has been an increasing interest in heuristic methods capable of finding high-quality solutions, not necessarily the optimal one. Considering the widely known empirical success of metaheuristics conceived with inspiration on biological systems and on the nature itself, such approaches are receiving more and more attention from the scientific community. Evidently, there is no single methodology able to always produce the best results for all classes of problems, or even for all instances of one specific class. That is why the search for solutions to combinatorial problems remains a challenging task. This thesis considers multicriteria and multimodal combinatorial optimization problems. As the main contribution, one can emphasize the conception of new metaheuristics designed to the solution of high-complexity combinatorial optimization problems, and two classes of computational tools have been proposed. The first one involves hybrid method based on Kohonen self-organizing maps and fuzzy inference, in which a set of rules guides the training of the self-organizing maps in order to allow the handling of problems with constraints and multiple objectives. The second approach is based on artificial immune systems. Particularly, the immune-inspired approach leads to the proposal of metaheuristics capable of finding out and maintaining multiple high-quality solutions, making it possible to deal with multimodal problems. As case studies, the capacitated vehicle routing problem and the symmetric traveling salesman problem are considered, giving rise to combinatorial and multimodal problems. The proposed techniques were also adapted to the solution of problems in the field of bioinformatics, specifically the analysis of gene expression data, leading to distinguished results and indicating a high potential for practical applications. / Doutorado / Engenharia de Computação / Doutor em Engenharia Elétrica

This thesis aims to find an optimal route taken by workers reading gas-meters. The text consists of three parts: the collection of necessary data, the selection and subsequent modification of the heuristic method and the calculation itself. Two techniques of data collection are applied: purchase from a specialised company and calculation based on geographical coordinates. These techniques are compared in the end. The method of the nearest neighbour is used for calculation, after being modified for this particular case. The calculation itself is done by the program named Gas-meters, which was created for the purpose of this thesis. The route potentially used by the gas company workers is then the result of the thesis. Furthermore, the thesis presents specific corporate savings possibly brought by using the presented program.

The thesis describes the principles of dynamic programming and it's application to concrete problems. (The travelling salesman problem, the knapsack problem, the shortest path priblem,the set covering problem.)

The traveling salesman problem (TSP) has become a classic in the field of combinatorial optimization. Attracting computer scientists and mathematicians, the problem involves finding a minimum cost Hamiltonian cycle in a weighted graph.

The diploma thesis focuses on the use of genetic algorithms for tasks related to the travelling salesman problem. Based on theoretical knowledge and problem analysis a proposal of the solution is provided. This creates a daily route plan for service technicians with regard to constraints. The case study shows that the proposed solution in comparison with manual scheduling by experience enables to reduce transportation costs.

This work deals with traveling salesman problem (TSP) and examines it’s possibilities to use in business. It is about the optimization of the travel cost, saving time and unnecessary mileage. Part of the work is a program with a GUI written in program MATLAB. Program uses neural networks to calculate the most effective path between places, where the trader has to reach. It’s possible to use the algorithm for many purposes, e.g. distribution of goods, store management, planning of PCBs or rescue services. Program communicates with the Google Maps API server, which provides the actual information of the path.

<p> In this thesis, we investigate and characterize policies for task allocation to teams of agents in settings with heterogeneity and risk. We first consider a scenario consisting of a set of heterogeneous mobile agents located at a base (or depot), and a set of tasks dispersed over a geographic area. The agents are partitioned into different types. The tasks are partitioned into specialized tasks that can only be done by agents of a certain type, and generic tasks that can be done by any agent. The distances between every pair of tasks are specified and satisfy the triangle inequality. Given this scenario, we address the problem of allocating these tasks among the available agents (subject to type compatibility constraints) while minimizing the maximum travel cost for any agent. We first look at the Heterogeneous Agent Cycle Problem (HACP) where agents start at a common base (or depot) and need to tour the set of tasks allocated to them before returning to the base. This problem is NP-hard, and we provide a 5-approximation algorithm. We then consider the Heterogeneous Agent Path Problem (HAPP) where agents can start from arbitrary locations and are not constrained to return to their start location. We consider two approaches to solve HAPP and provide a 15-approximation algorithm for HAPP.</p> <p> We then look at the effect of risk on path planning by considering a scenario where a mobile agent is required to collect measurements from a geographically dispersed set of sensors and return them to a base. The agent faces a risk of destruction while traversing the environment to reach the sensors and gets the reward for gathering a sensor measurement only if it successfully returns to base. We call this the Single Agent Risk Aware Task Execution (SARATE) problem. We characterize several properties of the optimal policy for the agent. We provide the optimal policy when the risk of destruction is sufficiently high and evaluate several heuristic policies via simulation. We then extend the analysis to multiple heterogeneous agents. We show that the scoring scheme is submodular when the risk is sufficiently high, and the greedy algorithm gives solutions that provide a utility that is guaranteed to be within 50% of the optimal utility. </p>

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The success of construction projects depends on proper use of construction equipment and machinery to a great extent. Thus, appropriate planning and control of the activities that rely on construction equipment could have significant effects on improving the efficiency of project operations. Cranes are the largest and most conspicuous construction equipment, widely used in typical construction sites. They play a major role in relocation of materials in horizontal and vertical directions on construction sites. Given the nature of activities relying on construction cranes in various stages of a project, cranes normally have control over the critical path of the project with the potential to create schedule bottlenecks and delaying the completion of the project. This dissertation intends to improve crane operations efficiency by developing a new framework for optimizing crane service sequence schedule. The crane service sequence problem is mathematically formulated as an NP-complete optimization problem based on the well-known Travel Salesman Problem (TSP) and is solved using different optimization techniques depending on the problem’s size and complexity. The proposed framework sets the basis for developing near-real time decision support tools for on-site optimization of crane operations sequence. To underline the value of the proposed crane sequence optimization methods, these methods are employed to solve several numerical examples. Results show that the proposed method can create a travel time saving of 28% on average in comparison with conventional scheduling methods such as First in First out (FIFO), Shortest Job First (SJF), and Earliest Deadline First (EDF).

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