The child’s participation in any legal matter involving him/her is crucial whether received directly or indirectly through a legal representative. The significance of the child’s views in legal matters is accepted internationally and is entrenched in South African law. This is the main feature of the present research. In Roman law the paterfamilias was the complete antithesis of the best interest of the child with his paternal power entirely serving his own interests. The best interests of the child progressively improved his/her participatory rights and the dominance of paternal authority in Roman, Germanic, and Frankish law eventually gave way to parental authority and assistance in Roman-Dutch law. This advanced the child’s participation in legal matters and under Roman-Dutch law, his/her right of participation included legal representation by way of a curator ad litem. The child’s best interests were consistently viewed from an adult’s perspective and resulted in an adult-centred assessment of his/her best interests. Statutory intervention increased the child’s participatory and representation rights, however, the tenor of these items of legislation remained parent-centred. The Appeal Court later dispelled any uncertainty regarding the paramountcy with respect to the best interests of the child. During the 1970s in South Africa, the emphasis began shifting from a parent-centred to a child-centred approach in litigation between parents in cases involving their children. An open-ended list of factors comprising the best interests of the child accentuated this shift. Courts were encouraged to apply the paramountcy rule in legal matters concerning children and to consider the views of children in determining their best interests. The new democratic constitutional dispensation in South Africa, followed by the ratification of the Convention on the Rights of the Child and the African Charter, obligated South Africa to align children’s rights with international law and standards. The South African Law Reform Commission set out to investigate and to formulate a single comprehensive children’s statute. The resultant Children’s Act 38 of 2005 is the most important item of legislation for children in private law in South Africa. The Children’s Act provides for the widest possible form of child participation in legal matters involving the child. It revolutionises child participation requiring no lower age limit as a determining factor when allowing the child, able to form a view, to express that view. The child’s right to access a court and to be assisted in doing so further enhances his/her participatory right. Effective legal representation is the key in ensuring that children enjoy the fundamental right of participation equal to that of adults in legal matters involving children. Comparative research of child laws in Australia, Kenya, New Zealand and United Kingdom confirms that South Africa is well on the way in enhancing children’s participatory and legal representation rights in legal matters concerning them. This illustrates that only the child’s best interests should serve as a requirement for the legal representation of children in legal matters. Continued training is essential to ensure the implementation of the Children’s Act and requires a concerted effort from all role-players. / Thesis (LLD)--University of Pretoria, 2010. / Private Law / unrestricted

Syfte och frågeställning Syftet med studien är att bidra med kunskap om elevers uppfattningar om vilka faktorer i undervisningen som främjar deras välbefinnande. Genom att låta elever beskriva den undervisning som de anser främjar deras välbefinnande finns en förhoppning om att bidra med värdefull kunskap som kan tillföra förståelse för hur undervisningen skulle kunna utvecklas för att främja elevers välbefinnande. ● Vilka faktorer i undervisningen upplever elever främjar deras välbefinnande? Teori Studiens teoretiska ansats har sin utgångspunkt i det psykologiska perspektivet med betoning på det kognitiva. Teorierna beskriver den syn på eleven, lärande och välbefinnande som används i studien. Metod Studien är kvalitativ och bygger på semistrukturerade intervjuer. Urvalsgruppen består av tio niondeklassare från en kommuns fyra högstadieskolor. Intervjuerna genomfördes dels digitalt och dels i fysiska träffar. Intervjuguiden bestod av tre frågor och följdfrågor av sonderande karaktär. Resultat Studiens resultat visar att de faktorer i undervisningen som eleverna upplever främjar deras välbefinnande är: tillgänglighet, variation, valmöjlighet, att få vara aktiv och självständig, positiva sammanhang, kreativa arbetssätt, utmanande uppgifter, tillfälle till återhämtning, tillitsfulla, vägledande och uppmuntrande relationer och att få känna sig kompetent. När undervisningen innehåller dessa faktorer känner de starkt engagemang och välbefinnande. Ett genomgående tema urskiljde sig: variation och engagemang genom delaktighet och inflytande. Specialpedagogiska implikationer Specialpedagogen ska tillsammans med elevhälsan främst arbeta hälsofrämjande och förebyggande. Här har specialpedagogen en viktig funktion när det gäller att definiera och skapa en gemensam kunskap om och förståelse för vad ett hälsofrämjande perspektiv och förhållningssätt är. Ett viktigt förändrings- och utvecklingsarbete för specialpedagogen är att tillsammans med lärarna organisera för en hälsofrämjande undervisning där eleverna ges stor möjlighet till delaktighet och inflytande. Undervisningens utformning och elever som blir lyssnade på är en nyckel i arbetet med att främja elevers välbefinnande.

In this qualitative case-study, EFL teachers’ experience and views regarding homogeneous and heterogeneous ability groups are investigated. Four EFL teachers working in the Introduction program in upper secondary school were interviewed through semi-structured questions. The interviews were held individually and conducted by the researcher. The questions focused on a teacher perspective as well as a student perspective and the teachers were also asked whether they preferred any of the two ability groups and possible reasons for this. The answers were quite similar and the teachers mentioned some common factors, such as time and efficiency, assignments, lectures, student interaction and learning progression. It was clear that the teachers found homogeneous ability groups easier to manage and this was also the group that three of them preferred working with. Additional reasons for this choice was the experience that this type of group was more beneficial for students and the teachers also felt more successful in their roles as teachers. Although one teacher mostly agreed with the others she was more in favour of heterogeneous ability groups, or a mix of both groups, because it allowed students to develop in their own pace and from their individual preferences and she also experienced more satisfaction in finding the right structure and strategies for each student. / I den här kvalitativa fallstudien undersöks engelsklärares erfarenheter och perspektiv angående homogena och heterogena nivågrupper. Fyra engelsklärare som arbetar på introduktionsprogrammen inom gymnasieskolan intervjuades genom semistrukturerade frågor. Intervjuerna genomfördes individuellt och av forskaren. Frågorna fokuserade på ett lärarperspektiv likväl som ett elevperspektiv och lärarna fick också svara på frågan om de föredrog någon av de två nivågrupperingarna och ange möjliga orsaker till detta. Svaren var någorlunda lika och samtliga lärare lyfte några gemensamma nämnare så som tid och effektivitet, uppgifter, genomgångar, elevinteraktion samt inlärningsprogression. Det var tydligt att lärarna ansåg det enklare att hantera homogena nivågrupper och det var även den typ av grupp som tre av dem föredrog att arbeta med. Ytterligare orsaker till detta var upplevelsen att denna typ av grupp var mer gynnsam för elever och lärarna kände sig även mer framgångsrika i rollen som lärare. Även om en lärare ofta höll med övriga så föredrog hon heterogena nivågrupper, alternativt en blandning av båda grupper, då detta lät elever utvecklas i sin egen takt och utifrån sina individuella förutsättningar. Hon upplevde också mer tillfredsställelse av att hitta rätt struktur och strategier för varje elev.

The problem with which this investigation is concerned is that of the warrior-hero ideal as it evolves in Shakespeare's English and Roman plays, and its ultimate failure as a standard for exemplary conduct. What this study demonstrates is that the ideal of kingship that is developed in the English histories, especially in the Second Tetralogy, and which reaches its zenith in Henry V, is quite literally overturned in three Roman plays--Julius Caesar, Antony and Cleopatra, and Coriolanus. The method of determining this difference is a detailed analysis of these groups of plays. This analysis utilizes the body of Shakespearean criticism in order to note the almost total silence on what this study shows to be Shakespeare's growing disillusionment with the hero-king ideal and his final portrait of this ideal as a failure. It is the main conclusion of this study that in certain plays, and most particularly in the Roman plays, Shakespeare demonstrates a consciousness of something more valuable than political expediency and political legality. Indeed, the tragedy of these political heroes lies precisely in their allegiance to the standard of conduct of the soldier-king. Brutus, Antony, and Coriolanus, among others, suffer defeat in their striving to capture a higher reality. This investigation demonstrates that the concept of honor has lost its value in the social matrix of political machinations.

Post-natal care is a care given to the mother and the newborn during post-natal period. This period is crucial to save the lives of the mother and the newborn. Despite its importance, the utilisation of this service is very low in Ethiopia. This study was conducted to establish the views and experiences of women and health care workers on post-natal care services and determine the factors influencing its utilisation with the ultimate purpose of developing guidelines to improve uptake and quality of the services in South West Shoa Zone of Oromia Region, Ethiopia. The objectives of the study were to explore and describe the women’s views and experiences on utilisation of post-natal care service. Furthermore, the study sought to explore and describe health care workers views and experiences on provision of the services and to assess the factors facilitating or hindering to the utilisation of it. Ultimately, the study had intended to develop guidelines that would contribute towards improving the uptake and quality of the post-natal care services. The study used a qualitative descriptive and explorative research design to address the research questions. Qualitative data were collected from 19 women who gave birth in the past six months and from 24 health care workers providing post-natal care services (health care workers and health extension workers) and coordinating the overall maternal, neonatal and child health services in the study area (Zone and district health officials; primary health care units heads). The study used in-depth interview guides to collect data from the aforementioned study participants. Inductive thematic analysis was performed on the verbatim transcriptions using the Atlas ti version 8 qualitative data analysis software. / Health Studies / D. Litt. et Phil. (Health Studies)

This study is about four interrelated key issues, namely, critique of Thomas Sankara as a political figure and erstwhile president of Burkina Faso; examination of Pan-Africanism as a movement, theory, ideology and uniting force for Africans and people of African descent globally; evaluation of leadership and governance lessons drawn from Burkina Faso’s August 1983 revolution, its successes, challenges, and shortcomings, and lastly; it draws socioeconomic and developmental lessons from the Burkina Faso experience under Sankara’s administration during the brief period from 1983 until his untimely assassination on 15 October 1987. The ousting of Blaise Compaore in October 2014 brought to the fore Sankara’s long buried and suppressed legacy, and this is what, in part, led to me deciding to do a systematic and thorough study of Sankara and the Burkina Faso Revolution. Two theories were used in the study – Pan Africanism and Afrocentricity - because they together centre and privilege the African people’s plight and agency and the urgent need for Africans to find solutions to their own problems in the same way Sankara emphasised the need for an independent endogenous development approach in Burkina Faso. Methodologically, a Mixed Methods Research (MMR) approach was employed so as to exploit and leverage the strengths of each individual approach and due to the complex nature of the phenomena studied. The study argues that the nerve centre of developmental efforts in Burkina Faso was a self-propelled, self-centred, and endogenous development model which placed the agency and responsibility, first and foremost, in the hands of Burkinabe people themselves using their own internal resources to improve their lives. Secondly, agrarian reforms were designed in such a way that they formed the bedrock of economic self-reliance and industrial development in Burkina Faso. Lastly, overall findings of the study indicate that the revolutionary cause and intervention in all critical sectors such as education, health, and the economy were prioritised and the pace at which these sectors were overhauled was crucial. Implication of these findings for development in Africa is that development cannot be externally imported either through foreign direct investments or through a straight-jacket policy transfer where African countries often borrow European economic policies and try to implement them in drastically different contexts and historical epochs. / Political Sciences / Ph. D. (Philosophy)

The subject of the thesis is a design of variants of the solutions of the existing intersection streets of Masarykova, Sušilova and Nádražní in the town of Blansko. The reason for its processing is to find out the possibility of a prospective solution of the intersection. The output of the work is proposed two variants and their comparison in terms of capacity and traffic. The work also contains an evaluation of the traffic survey, capacity assessment of prospective intensities, price estimation of both variants and verification of the passage of the roundabout. The proposed variants improve static transport in the area.

The design of a residential complex in the post-industrial city Zábrdovice has a major role in the return of housing to the city and its immediate vicinity. The historically poor neighborhood with the background of the industrial panorama has great potential for future development. This thesis deals with the rehabilitation of this structure, will bring a fundamental restoration, improvement of the quality of housing and a safe environment. Also proof that even in this locality it is possible to create a fully-fledged place for its inhabitants.

Läsningen i dagens skola påverkas av såväl internationella kunskapsmätningar som normer av kritiska förhållningssätt i en utsträckning som utmanar skönlitteraturens roll för skolans värdeutvecklande uppdrag. Ämnesplanen för svenska i gymnasieskolan motiverar läsning som läsfärdighetsträning, kritisk läsning såväl som inlevelsefull läsning, vilket innebär en komplex litteraturundervisning. Forskning har dessutom visat att lärare saknar kunskap om litteraturdidaktiska förhållningssätt och deras uttryck i skolans verksamhet. Tidigare forskning har i hög grad studerat legitimeringen av skönlitteraturens roll i skolan, men har i begränsad utsträckning utforskat legitimering av läsning och föreställningar om skönlitterär läsning som färdighet. Mot denna bakgrund studerar detta arbete läromedlet Svenska impulser för gymnasieskolans kurser i svenska 1, 2 och 3. För att synliggöra läromedlets didaktiska potential studeras litteratursyner och legitimeringar av litteraturläsning samt hur detta relaterar till läsning i en vidgad digital textvärld. Den didaktiska potential som analysen synliggör är ett studieinriktat motiv som legitimerar läsning efter det centrala innehållet i ämnet samt efter en tänkt målgrupps akademiska och intellektuella intresse. Det finns inslag av olika litteratursyner, men analysen visade att även om läromedlet ibland relaterar till elevernas egna erfarenheter och textvärldar bjuds de samtidigt till att ta del av ett litterärt kulturarv och mer traditionella textvärldar. Läromedlet är användbart för att arbeta systematiskt med kursernas innehåll och ger överlag mer utrymme åt kritisk läsning och läsning som läsfärdighetsträning än inlevelsefull läsning. Läromedlet är i mycket begränsad utsträckning anpassat till en vidgad digital textvärld. Det skapar vissa möjligheter för en social eller interaktiv läsning, men läromedlet främjar snarare en koncentrerad och inlevelsefull läsning av traditionell skönlitteratur. / Reading in today’s school is influenced by international assessments as well as norms of critical approaches to a degree that challenges the role of fictional literature in the value-developing mission of the school. The curriculum for the subject of Swedish in upper secondary school motivates reading to develop literacy, critical reading and empathetic reading, which imply a complex literary education. Research has further shown that teachers lack awareness of literary-didactical approaches and their place in the educational practice. Research on the subject has studied the legitimation of literature in school, but not so much legitimation of reading and approaches fictional reading as a competence. To this background this essay study the learning material Svenska impulser for the courses of Swedish 1, 2 and 3 for upper secondary school. To make visible the didactic potential of the material its views on literature and legitimation of fictional reading is studied and how this relates to reading in a widened digital text-world. The didactic potential that the analysis make visible is an academic motif that legitimate reading based on the curriculum of the subject and based on the students supposed academic and intellectual interest. There are examples of different views of literature, but the analysis showed that although the material sometimes relates to the students own experiences and text-worlds, they are invited to take part in a literary heritage and more traditional text-worlds. The material is useful to work systematic with the courses content and generally gives more room for critical reading and literacy enhancing reading than it gives empathetic reading. The material is to a very limited degree customized for a widened digital text-world. It offers some possibilities for social or interactive type of reading and rather promotes a concentrated and empathetic type of reading based in traditional literature.

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