In an era with compelling need for greater computation power, the aggregation of software system components is becoming more challenging and diverse. The new-generation scientific applications are growing hub of complex and intense computation performed on huge data set with exponential growth. With the development of parallel algorithms, design of multi-user web applications and frequent changes in software architecture, there is a bigger challenge lying in front of the research institutes and organizations. Network science is an interesting field posing extreme computation demands to sustain complex large-scale networks. Several static or dynamic network analysis have to be performed through algorithms implementing complex graph theories, statistical mechanics, data mining and visualization. Similarly, high performance computation infrastructures are imbibing multiple characters and expanding in an unprecedented way. In this age, it's mandatory for all software solutions to migrate to scalable platforms and integrate cloud enabled data center clusters for higher computation needs. So, with aggressive adoption of cloud infrastructures and resource-intensive web-applications, there is a pressing need for a dynamic middleware to bridge the gap and effectively coordinate the integrated system. Such a heterogeneous environment encourages the devising of a transparent, portable and flexible solution stack. In this project, we propose adoption of Virtual Machine aware Portable Batch System Cluster (VM-aware PBS Cluster), a self-initiating and self-regulating cluster of Virtual Machines (VM) capable of operating and scaling on any cloud infrastructure. This is an unique but simple solution for large-scale softwares to migrate to cloud infrastructures retaining the most of the application stack intact. In this project, we have also designed and implemented Cloud Integrator Framework, a dynamic implementation of cloud aware middleware for the proposed VM-aware PBS cluster. This framework regulates job distribution in an aggregate of VMs and optimizes resource consumption through on-demand VM initialization and termination. The model was integrated into CINET system, a network science application. This model has enabled CINET to mediate large-scale network analysis and simulation tasks across varied cloud platforms such as OpenStack and Amazon EC2 for its computation requirements. / Master of Science

Since a massive decline of computer science graduates in 2002, computer science departments have been unable to reach previous graduation rates. In wake of this dramatic loss of graduates, researchers have been searching for the reasons students are avoiding computer science and choosing other majors. To combat this decrease in computer science graduates, the CloudSpace environment pro- vides additional context to entry level computer science courses. This shift in context re- moves boring assignments from the early computer science curriculum and replaces them with more engaging web centric assignments. The CloudSpace environment presents a model that maintains student's focus on core computer science competencies while providing a highly simplified web development toolkit to develop feature rich AJAX web applications. This the- sis includes the rational and implementation of a cloud based hosting service and a highly abstracted web tool kit that enables students to replicate modern web applications. / Master of Science

Context. Light weight process virtualization has been used in the past e.g., Solaris zones, jails in Free BSD and Linux’s containers (LXC). But only since 2013 is there a kernel support for user namespace and process grouping control that make the use of lightweight virtualization interesting to create virtual environments comparable to virtual machines. Telecom providers have to handle the massive growth of information due to the growing number of customers and devices. Traditional databases are not designed to handle such massive data ballooning. NoSQL databases were developed for this purpose. Cassandra, with its high read and write throughputs, is a popular NoSQL database to handle this kind of data. Running the database using operating system virtualization or containerization would offer a significant performance gain when compared to that of virtual machines and also gives the benefits of migration, fast boot up and shut down times, lower latency and less use of physical resources of the servers. Objectives. This thesis aims to investigate the trade-off in performance while loading a Cassandra cluster in bare-metal and containerized environments. A detailed study of the effect of loading the cluster in each individual node in terms of Latency, CPU and Disk throughput will be analyzed. Methods. We implement the physical model of the Cassandra cluster based on realistic and commonly used scenarios or database analysis for our experiment. We generate different load cases on the cluster for bare-metal and Cassandra in docker scenarios and see the values of CPU utilization, Disk throughput and latency using standard tools like sar and iostat. Statistical analysis (Mean value analysis, higher moment analysis, and confidence intervals) are done on measurements on specific interfaces in order to increase the reliability of the results. Results.Experimental results show a quantitative analysis of measurements consisting Latency, CPU and Disk throughput while running a Cassandra cluster in Bare Metal and Container Environments.A statistical analysis summarizing the performance of Cassandra cluster is surveyed. Results.Experimental results show a quantitative analysis of measurements consisting Latency, CPU and Disk throughput while running a Cassandra cluster in Bare Metal and Container Environments.A statistical analysis summarizing the performance of Cassandra cluster is surveyed. Conclusions. With the detailed analysis, the resource utilization of the database was similar in both the bare-metal and container scenarios. Disk throughput is similar in the case of mixed load and containers have a slight overhead in the case of write loads for both the maximum load case and 66% of maximum load case. The latency values inside the container are slightly higher for all the cases. The mean value analysis and higher moment analysis helps us in doing a finer analysis of the results. The confidence intervals calculated show that there is a lot of variation in the disk performance which might be due to compactions happening randomly. Future work in the area can be done on compaction strategies.

[pt] O objetivo deste trabalho é estudar, propor e implementar uma ferramenta que permita a experimentação com arquiteturas que sigam o paradigma de Processadores de Rede - Network Processors (NP). Com esse intuito, foi implementada uma biblioteca de objetos genéricos que permite emular os diversos componentes de hardware (tais como memórias, registradores, unidades de controle, unidades lógico-aritméticas, etc.) presentes em arquiteturas especificas para o processamento de protocolos. A conjunção desses componentes permite gerar máquinas virtuais que podem ser exercitadas para testar ou verificar o funcionamento das mais diversas operações nesses ambientes. Além da biblioteca, são apresentados três estudos de casos distintos: o primeiro mostrando um processador criado para teste e os outros dois implementam arquiteturas baseadas no processador MCS85 e no núcleo ARM do Processador IXP, todos com o intuito de validar e mostrar a utilidade prática da ferramenta. / [en] The aim of this work is to study, propose and implement a tool that allows the experimentation with architectures that follow the Network Processors (NP) paradigm. A generic object library was implemented, allowing the emulation of the various hardware components, such as memories, registers, arithmetic-and-logical units, control units etc., that are commonly used within specific architectures for protocol processing. The integrated usage of these components will provide an environment where virtual machines can be created and tested to verify the behavior of many different operations. Besides the library itself, three use cases are presented to validate and show the utility of the tool: the first is an implementation of a processor created just for the sake of testing and the other two are implementations of architectures based on the MCS85 processor and on the ARM kernel of the Intel IXP Network Processor.

Ο σκοπός της παρούσας εργασίας είναι η ανάπτυξη ενός daemon που θα ελέγχει ένα σύνολο από virtual machines, και θα τα χρησιμοποιεί προκειμένου να εξομοιώνονται λειτουργίες δικτύων υπολογιστών. Κάθε ενεργό στιγμιότυπο ενός virtual machine θα έχει ασφαλώς το ρόλο ενός (εικονικού) υπολογιστή. Οι λειτουργίες που υλοποιεί ο κώδικας είναι η δημιουργία, ο έλεγχος και η μεταβολή ενός δικτύου εικονικών υπολογιστών, μέσω ενός μενού επιλογών, το οποίο ταυτόχρονα παρέχει πληροφορίες για κάθε εικονικό υπολογιστή. Η υλοποίηση του δικτύου γίνεται με τη χρήση του User Mode Linux (ενός Linux virtual machine)ενώ κάθε ενεργό UML στιγμιότυπο (UML instance) του virtual machine έχει το ρόλο ενός εικονικού υπολογιστή. Η ευελιξία που παρέχεται από τα Virtual Machines είναι τεράστια, και τα καθιστά ιδανικά για το δίκτυο που θα κάνουμε. Η συμπεριφορά του εξάλλου θα είναι όμοια με αυτή ενός πραγματικού δικτύου. / Creation of a daemon process, used to control a large number of Linux Virtual Machines and create a Virtual Machine network out of them.

No description available.

The engineering of biological systems with predictable behavior is a challenging problem. One reason for this difficulty is that engineered biological systems are embedded within complex and variable host cells. To help enable the future engineering of biological systems, we are studying and optimizing the interface between an engineered biological system and its host cell or ``chassis''. Other engineering disciplines use modularity to make interacting systems interchangeable and to insulate one system from another. Engineered biological systems are more likely to work as predicted if system function is decoupled from the state of the host cell. Also, specifying and standardizing the interfaces between a system and the chassis will allow systems to be engineered independent of chassis and allow systems to be interchanged between different chassis. To this end, we have assembled orthogonal transcription and translation systems employing dedicated machinery, independent from the equivalent host cell machinery. In parallel, we are developing test systems and metrics to measure the interactions between an engineered system and its chassis. Lastly, we are exploring methods to``port'' a simple engineered system from a prokaryotic to a eukaryotic organism so that the system can function in both organisms. / Poster presented at the 2005 ICSB meeting, held at Harvard Medical School in Boston, MA.

As databases grow in size, the need for optimizing databases is becoming a necessity. Choosing the right operating system to support your database becomes paramount to ensure that the database is fully utilized. Furthermore with the virtualization of operating systems becoming more commonplace, we find ourselves with more choices than we ever faced before. This paper demonstrates why the choice of operating system plays an integral part in deciding the right database for your system in a virtual environment. This paper contains an experiment which measured benchmark performance of a Database management system on various virtual operating systems. This experiment shows the effect a virtual operating system has on the database management system that runs upon it. These findings will help to promote future research into this area as well as provide a foundation on which future research can be based upon.

The purpose of master’s thesis is to project virtualization solution together with replication of the servers. Thesis is divided into the three parts and that it theoretical, analytical and projection part. In analytical part there are basic information about virtualization technologies, in analytical part there is analysis of the present status of the company and mainly about status of the IT infrastructure and in the end projection part there is realization of the virtualization solution from choosing the right type of cluster to choosing hardware solution.

Due to the growth of cloud computing in recent years, the use of virtualization has exploded. Virtual machines (VMs) and containers are both virtualization technologies used to create isolated computing environments. While VMs are created and managed by hypervisors and need their own full guest operating system, containers share the kernel of the host computers and do not need a full guest operating system. Because of this, containers are rumored to have less overhead involved, yielding higher performance and less resource usage compared to VMs.  In this paper we perform a literature study along with an empirical study to examine the differences between containers and virtual machines when it comes to cpu, memory and disk performance, cpu and memory resource utilization, and power consumption. To answer the question regarding performance, a series of benchmarks were run inside both a container and a VM. During these benchmarks the resource utilization of the host machine was also measured to answer the second question and to answer the third and final question the power draw was measured while some of the benchmarks were running. The results showed that the cpu performance was extremely similar between the two and memory performance seemed to be similar for the most part but fairly big differences were seen in favor of both depending on the benchmark in some cases. With disk performance the container was between 15-50% faster depending on the benchmark. As for resource usage, the cpu usage was the same for both technologies but memory usage differed greatly in favor of the container. The VM used between 3-4 GiB and the container between 70 MiB - 2.5 GiB depending on the benchmark. The power draw was the same for both technologies when under cpu and memory load but when idle the VM proved to draw around 40% more power.