Thesis (Ed. S.)--Miami University, Dept. of Educational Psychology, 2008. / Title from first page of PDF document. Includes bibliographical references (p. 15-16).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Chicago, Dept. of Linguistics, June 2000. / Includes bibliographical references. Also available on the Internet.

Thesis (M.A.B.S.)--Talbot School of Theology, Biola University, 1987. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 77-90).

Στη διπλωματική αυτή εργασία θα αναλύσουμε, θεωρητικά και εμπειρικά, ένα παράγοντα που επηρεάζει σε μεγάλο βαθμό την καταναλωτική συμπεριφορά. Ειδικότερα, θα ασχοληθούμε με την Electronic Word of Mouth επικοινωνία που ασκείται από τους καταναλωτές στα διάφορα διαδικτυακά κοινωνικά δίκτυα. Στην προσπάθεια μας να ερμηνεύσουμε τον όρο αυτό όσο γίνεται καλύτερα θα σας παρουσιάσουμε τη θεωρητική ανάλυση του Word of Mouth και του Electronic Word of Mouth όπως έχει καταγραφεί στη διεθνή βιβλιογραφία. Στα πλαίσια αυτής της ανάλυσης θα προσπαθήσουμε να σας παρουσιάσουμε το θεωρητικό υπόβαθρο της επικοινωνίας αυτής και να αναδείξουμε τα πλεονεκτήματα και τα μειονεκτήματα που αποκομίζουν οι καταναλωτές αλλά και οι επιχειρήσεις από την κατάλληλη αξιοποίηση της Word of Mouth και της Electronic Word of Mouth επικοινωνίας. Θα σας παρουσιάσουμε τα συμπεράσματα μελετών που έχουν πραγματοποιηθεί και αναφέρονται στην ισχύ της Word of Mouth και της Electronic Word of Mouth επικοινωνίας έναντι της διαφήμισης, την στάση του καταναλωτή απέναντι στα προϊόντα που έχει σχηματίσει θετική ή αρνητική εντύπωση, μέσω της κατανάλωσής τους, και τις ανάλογες συστάσεις που πραγματοποιεί σε φίλους και γνωστούς του. Έπειτα θα σας παρουσιάσουμε τις ομοιότητες και τις διαφορές που υπάρχουν ανάμεσα στη Word of Mouth και την Electronic Word of Mouth επικοινωνία, καθώς και την εμπλοκή της Electronic Word of Mouth επικοινωνίας στα διάφορα διαδικτυακά κοινωνικά δίκτυα. Επιπρόσθετα, θα σας παρουσιάσουμε τα αποτελέσματα της έρευνας που πραγματοποιήσαμε, με τη συλλογή πρωτογενών δεδομένων, ώστε να καταφέρουμε να αναλύσουμε την καταναλωτική συμπεριφορά των νέων ανθρώπων και να εκτιμήσουμε το βαθμό που ο παράγοντας αυτός, δηλαδή η Electronic Word of Mouth επικοινωνία που πραγματοποιείται στα διάφορα διαδικτυακά κοινωνικά δίκτυα, επιδρά στις αγοραστικές τους αποφάσεις. Εν κατακλείδι, θα σας παρουσιάσουμε τα συμπεράσματα που προκύπτουν από τη στατιστική ανάλυση του ερωτηματολογίου καθώς και τις προτάσεις μας προς τα στελέχη του τμήματος μάρκετινγκ των διαφόρων επιχειρήσεων. / In this dissertation we will analyze theoretically and empirically, a factor that significantly affects consumer behavior. In particular, we address the Electronic Word of Mouth communication brought by consumers in various online social networks. In our effort to interpret the condition as best we will present the theoretical analysis of Word of Mouth and Electronic Word of Mouth as recorded in the literature. In this analysis we will try to present the theoretical background of this communication and to highlight the advantages and disadvantages accruing to consumers and businesses by exploiting the Word of Mouth and Electronic Word of Mouth Communication. We will present the findings of studies conducted and reported in the power of Word of Mouth and Electronic Word of Mouth Communication over the ad, its attitude toward consumer products has made a positive or negative impression through their consumption, and relevant recommendations made to friends and acquaintances. Then we will present the similarities and differences between the Word of Mouth and Electronic Word of Mouth communication and involvement Electronic Word of Mouth communication in various online social networks. Additionally, we will present the results of the survey we conducted by collecting primary data that we can analyze the consumer behavior of young people and to assess the extent to which this factor, namely the Electronic Word of Mouth communication involved in various online social networks, it affects their purchasing decisions. In conclusion, we will present the findings of the statistical analysis of the questionnaire as well as our proposals to the executives of the marketing department of various companies.

This thesis deals with the French Supplementations (étoffement), which when converted to Czech are usually resolved with a simple prepositions because word by word translation in this case was flawed. Its objective is based on the phenomena to be investigated to establish similarities and deduce a general theory of (general model) that would characterize the formation and use of French Supplementations and also ascertain to what extent is Supplementations translation and linguistic problem. For the purposes of the objectives was used parallel corpus Intercorp. The work is divided into five chapters, during which it is committed to the most comprehensive source of description and characterization of the French Supplementations and not least also to reveal the reasons why these constructions in French translation into Czech discharged.

Vi lever i ett konsumtionssamhälle där vi dagligen blir exponerade för reklam i alla dess olika former. Företag försöker ständigt komma på nya innovativa marknadsföringstekniker för att nå fram i mediabruset, där Influencer marketing identifierats som en av de mest framgångsrika marknadsföringsmetoderna i nutid. Tidigare forskning som pekar på strategins framgång har mestadels gjorts på en yngre målgrupp. Därmed har vi identifierat ett gap i litteraturen och ämnar att undersöka vilken effekt denna marknadsföringsmetod har på en äldre generation. Studiens syfte är att undersöka vilken relation kvinnor i ålder 50-65 har till Influencer marketing, samt få en bild av vad som influerar deras vilja att köpa kläder för eget bruk. Som ett delsyfte ämnar vi även att undersöka vilka personliga egenskaper företag bör leta efter hos en Influencer, för att kvinnor i åldern 50-65 ska ta till sig deras budskap. Vi har använt oss av kvalitativa metoder med induktiv ansats. Främst av semi-strukturerade intervjuer i form av fokusgrupper samt metoden foto elicitation interview. Studien visar ett tydligt resultat på att Influencer marketing på sociala medier inte är en framgångsrik marknadsföringsmetod på denna målgrupp. Främst på grund av att respondenterna inte använder sociala medier i den utsträckning som krävs för att detta ska vara en möjlig marknadsföringsmetod. Däremot visade sig traditionell reklam och personer i omgivningen har stor påverkan på klädvalen. Väljer man trotts detta att använda sig av Influencer marketing är trovärdighet, identifikation och karisma tre viktiga personligaegenskaper som målgruppen uppskattar hos en potentiell Influencer. / We live in a consumer society where we daily are being exposed for advertising in all its different forms. Companies are constantly striving to find new innovative marketing techniques that will break through the media noise, where Influencer marketing has been identified as one of the most successful marketing strategies of today. Previous research that points to the strategy's success has mostly been done on a younger target group. Thus, we have identified a gap in the literature and intend to investigate the effect of this marketing method on an older generation. The purpose of the study is to investigate what relationship women at the age 50-65 have to Influencer marketing, as well as get an idea of what influences their wish to buy clothes for personal use. A subsidiary aim is also to investigate what personal attributes businesses should look for in an Influencer, for women aged 50-65 to embrace their message. We have used qualitative methods with inductive approach. Mainly semi-structured interviews in the form of focus groups, complemented with the method photo elicitationinterview. The result shows that Influencer marketing on social media is not a successful marketing strategy for this target group. Mainly because the respondents do not use social media to the extent required for this to be a possible marketing method. On the other hand, traditional advertising and people in their surroundings showed to hold great influence when it comes to the choice of clothes they wear. Although, if you choose to use Influencer marketing to target these women, trustworthiness, similarity and charisma are three key personal attributes that the target audience appreciates in a potential Influencer.

Denna studies syfte är att beskriva hur elektronisk Word of Mouth i ett onlineforum påverkar besökares köpval. Tidigare studier har fokuserat på att identifiera potentiella faktorer som kan ha en påverkan på köpval inom onlineforum. Men det har ej undersökts hur besökare av onlineforum uppfattar effekten på köpval. Därmed fanns det en kunskapslucka för denna studie att undersöka. För att ta reda på detta gjordes en enkät tillgänglig för besökare av ett onlineforum. Onlineforumet som valdes heter Swedroid och är inriktade på elektronikprodukter. Den information om produkter som existerar på onlineforumet klassificeras som elektronisk Word of Mouth. Resultaten från enkäten visar att en klar majoritet av respondenterna anser att onlineforumet innehåller relevant information om produkter, vilket kan användas för att stödja ett köpval. Dock ansåg en lägre andel att informationen i forumet har varit en avgörande faktor för köp. I analysen framkom det två möjliga anledningar till detta. Informationen som en besökare har kommit i kontakt med kan ha varit otillräcklig. Informationen kan ha varit negativ, vilket leder till besökaren ej vill köpa produkten. Slutsatsen från detta är därmed att elektronisk Word of Mouth inom ett onlineforum påverkar besökares köpval genom att de kommer i kontakt med trovärdig och relevant information, men dess effekt på köpval påverkas av informationens innehåll. / The purpose of this study is to describe how electronic Word of Mouth within an online forum influence visitors purchase decision. Previous studies about electronic Word of Mouth within online forums have focused on identifying potential factors that can influence visitors purchasing decisions. But they have not investigated visitors own perception of the effect of electronic Word of Mouth. Therefore there is a knowledge gap for this study to explore. A survey was made available to visitors of an online forum. The online forum that was chosen is called Swedroid and has a focus on consumer electronics. The information about products available in the online forum is classified as electronic Word of Mouth. The results from the survey show that a clear majority of respondents believe that the online forum contains relevant product information, which can be used to support a purchase choice. However, a lower proportion of the information in the forum is considered a decisive factor in purchasing. The analysis show two possible reasons behind this. The information that repsondent have come in contact with could be insufficient for making a purchase decision. Or information may have been negative, which causes the visitor to not buy the product. The conclusion is that electronic Word of Mouth within an online forum influences visitors purchasing choices by visitors getting in contact with credible and relevant information, but its effect on purchasing choices is influenced by the content of the information.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-06-29T13:47:21Z No. of bitstreams: 1 lilianwerneckrodrigues.pdf: 10142462 bytes, checksum: d440c292d0d560e1e8841dc5122abaa3 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-07-13T15:50:02Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 lilianwerneckrodrigues.pdf: 10142462 bytes, checksum: d440c292d0d560e1e8841dc5122abaa3 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-07-13T15:50:15Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 lilianwerneckrodrigues.pdf: 10142462 bytes, checksum: d440c292d0d560e1e8841dc5122abaa3 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-13T15:50:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 lilianwerneckrodrigues.pdf: 10142462 bytes, checksum: d440c292d0d560e1e8841dc5122abaa3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-09-13 / A partir do mapeamento das conexões entre novas mídias, séries de TV, interações colaborativas na Internet e lesbianidades, este trabalho de dissertação interroga as interseções que podem ocorrer entre mídias através de um estudo de caso das audiências em torno da série The L Word. Considerada a primeira série dramática da televisão norteamericana a apresentar um grupo de mulheres lésbicas como protagonistas de sua narrativa, The L Word pode ser vista como um exemplo de produto cultural transmidiático, produzido para a TV, mas que estabeleceu uma relação peculiar com suas espectadoras dentro do que Henry Jenkins chama de Cultura da Convergência. Através deste estudo, pretende-se questionar tanto as especificidades desta relação ambientada na convergência dos meios de comunicação, quanto as características particulares do comportamento das fãs brasileiras dentro da cultura participativa, movimento alimentado pela inteligência coletiva criada a partir do seriado. A busca pelas respostas a essas questões serve, ao longo do texto, à verificação da hipótese de que The L Word, enquanto transmídia, estabelece uma interlocução com suas fãs no ambiente da convergência dos meios, ou seja, ao mesmo tempo em que as personagens da série tentam pautar certos traços das lesbianidades em trânsito, a narrativa se adapta às pautas demandadas pelas espectadoras que buscam a visibilidade, em um fluxo que levou as fãs brasileiras a se envolverem tanto no compartilhamento de conteúdos da série, quanto nas redes sociais lésbicas criadas a partir dela, movimento que ocasiona implicações sociais, culturais e políticas. / From the mapping of connections between new media, TV series, and on the Internet collaborative interactions lesbianidades, this dissertation interrogates the intersections between media that can occur through a case study of audiences around the series The L Word. Considered the first dramatic series of American television to present a group of lesbian women as protagonists of his narrative, The L Word can be seen as an example of cultural product transmidiático produced for TV, but it established a special relationship with their spectators in what Henry Jenkins calls Convergence Culture. From this study, we intend to question both the specifics of this relationship set in the convergence of media, as the particular characteristics of the behavior of the fans inside the Brazilian participatory culture, collective intelligence powered by the movement created from the show. The search for answers to these questions serves, throughout the text, to verify the hypothesis that The L Word, as transmedia, establishes a dialogue with their fans in the environment of media convergence, while the characters series of guided attempt traits of lesbianidades in transit, the narrative fits guidelines demanded by viewers who seek visibility in a stream that led the Brazilian fans to be involved in both the sharing of content of the series, as the social networks created lesbians from it, move that causes social, cultural and political.

Orientador: Edson Françozo / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-25T11:08:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Salgado_BeatrizdeOliveira_M.pdf: 963950 bytes, checksum: 5a065cca3fa6378edad144444ccd3af2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Resumo: Este trabalho investigou se no português brasileiro (PB), assim como investigaram Van Alphen e Van Berkum (2010) no holandês, os ouvintes levam em conta o significado de supostas palavras reconhecidas em outras, durante o acesso lexical. Um exemplo deste fenômeno seria a ativação mental da palavra "fé", mesmo que brevemente, quando o ouvinte se depara com a palavra "café". Investigar fenômenos como esse é tentar compreender parte da dinâmica que ocorre no acesso lexical em nossa mente. No caso desta pesquisa, perguntamo-nos se o acesso lexical de uma Suposta Palavra Inserida (SPI) no início de sua palavra Portadora (como "nó" em "nora") ocorre da mesma maneira que uma SPI no final (como "fé" em "café"). Nossa proposta é que esse acesso dar-se-á de maneira não estritamente modular e sim interacional (em termos cognitivos), como em um modelo conexionista. Neste tipo de modelo, como argumenta Leitão (2008), existe uma alta interação entre todos os tipos de informação relevantes para o processamento (como léxico-semântica, contextual, frequência de ocorrência etc.) e essa interação entre informações é o que guia o "caminho" que seguimos no processamento. Inicialmente, buscamos no corpus NILC-São Carlos palavras que contêm outras palavras menores dentro delas (Portadoras) dentro de um intervalo de frequência. Em seguida, elaboramos experimentos de decisão lexical com estímulos por via auditiva e visual (cross-modal) para avaliar se uma palavra na tela associada à SPI ouvida (como CRENÇA para "fé", em "café") teria um tempo de resposta (RT) diferente de uma palavra sem associação direta nem com a Portadora nem com a SPI (como COMPUTADOR). Esse resultado indica que o sujeito consideraria também a SPI no acesso lexical da Portadora, pois a associação entre a SPI (ouvida na Portadora) e a palavra lida na tela interferiu na tarefa de decisão lexical. Essa interferência seria responsável por modificar o tempo da resposta, em comparação com o caso de uma palavra escrita não associada (situação Controle), que não interfere na tarefa. Por outro lado, existe evidência para a desativação da SPI no início e para inibição da ativação de uma SPI no final, justificada pela ativação da Portadora (por exemplo, a ativação mental de "café" inibiria a ativação de "fé", como resultado da competição entre hipóteses lexicais). Argumentamos que, ao final do prime, as SPIs ainda estão ativadas, mas sofrem efeito da competição com a palavra Portadora. Esses são exemplos da dinâmica temporal do acesso lexical, que estudamos nesta pesquisa. Como os resultados empíricos sobre esse tema, na literatura atual, ainda não são consistentes, com evidências tanto para efeitos que favorecem o acesso de SPIs como para efeitos que inibem esse acesso (assim como a ausência de efeitos), nosso estudo fornece mais evidências para compreender a dinâmica temporal da ativação de palavras dentro de palavras no acesso lexical, investigando também a diferença no processamento de SPIs no início e no final de outras palavras, ao comparar os diferentes RTs para cada uma dessas situações / Abstract: In this research, we examined if in Brazilian Portuguese (PB), as in Dutch (Van Alphen & Van Berkum, 2010), listeners consider the meaning of spurious words embedded in other words, during lexical access. As an example of this phenomenon there is the activation of the word "pain", even if briefly, when the listener hears the word "champagne". Investigating phenomena like this is trying to comprehend part of the dynamics in the lexical access in our minds. We have asked if the lexical access of an embedded word in the beginning of its carrier (e.g. "pie" in "pirate") occurs in the same way as a word embedded in its ending (e.g. "pain" in "champagne"). We propose that this access does not happen in a strictly modular way, but in an interactive way, in cognitive terms, as in a connectionist model. In this type of model, as argues Leitão (2008), there is a high interaction among all kinds of relevant information to processing (lexical-semantic, contextual, frequency of occurrence etc.) and this interaction among information is what guides the "path" we follow in processing. Initially, we searched the corpus NILC-São Carlos for words that had other smaller words embedded in them (henceforth, carrier and embedded, respectively) in and interval of frequency. After that, we elaborated cross-modal lexical decision experiments to evaluate if a word in the screen associated to the embedded word in the audio (e.g. DOCTOR to "pain" in "champagne") would have a response time (RT) different from a word with no direct association either with the carrier or the embedded word (e.g. COMPUTER). This result would indicate that the subject also considers the embedded word in the lexical access of the carrier, because the association of the written word with the spurious word (embedded) in the audio interfered with the task, modifying the response time, in comparison to a written word with no association, which would not interfere in the task. On the other hand, there is evidence for the deactivation of the embedded word in the beginning and to the inhibition of the activation of an embedded in the end of a carrier, which is justified by the activation of the carrier itself (for example, the mental activation of "champagne" would inhibit the activation of "pain", as a result of the competition between these lexical hypotheses). We argue that, by the end of the prime, the embedded words are still activated, but suffer the effects of the competition against the carrier word. The empirical results around this subject, in the current literature, are not yet consistent, with evidence for effects that facilitate the access of embedded words, as well as effects that inhibit this access. Therefore, our study provides more evidence to the comprehension of the temporal dynamics of the activation of words within words in lexical access by investigating the difference in processing of embeddings in the beginning as well as in the ending of carrier words, by comparing the different RTs for each of these situations / Mestrado / Linguistica / Mestra em Linguística

Abstract The problem addressed in the present thesis is the utility of linguistic knowledge in one domain of language technology, word prediction. An important characteristic of any practical language technology application is its level of performance, and it is therefore essential to be able to measure this quantitatively. The main questions in the present thesis are the following: (1) how can a significant improvement in performance be obtained in practical language technology products, and (2) what is the cost of improved performance in terms of the sources of linguistic knowledge that should be incorporated in them? On a more general level, the major findings suggest that the practical utility of linguistic knowledge in language technology should generally be evaluated from at least three larger perspectives: (1) language, (2) technology, and (3) the user of the application. From these three perspectives, a variety of constraints can be identified which either increase or decrease the usefulness of linguistic knowledge in practical language technology applications. A statistical state-of-the-art word prediction system was developed and tested in the empirical part of this work, and testing the performance of a few prediction methods that utilise sources of linguistic knowledge showed that they can perform just as well as some existing state-of-the-art statistical prediction methods. When the syllable-initial characters of the words to be predicted were used, for example, the expected length of the search key in a running text with a prediction list of ten tokens was only 1.59 characters, while the use of information on the parts of speech of the word tokens to be predicted in a system with five lists representing five parts of speech resulted only in a three percent improvement in performance. One of the practical implications of these results for the field of language technology is that a significant improvement in the performance of a word prediction system may be achieved only incrementally. The simultaneous use of several techniques may in turn dilute the real-time operation of the prediction system, so that it is unable to suggest candidate words quickly enough for the user. It can also affect some performance aspects such as the average percentage of keystrokes/characters saved. / Abstrakti Tässä työssä tutkittiin lingvistisen tiedon hyödyllisyyttä kieliteknologian yhdellä sovellusalueella eli sanan ennakointia englannin kielessä. Sovellus pyrkii ennakoimaan sanan, jota käyttäjä kirjoittaa parhaillaan tai aikoo kirjoittaa seuraavaksi. Nämä sovellukset ovat hyödyllisiä esim. pienissä päätelaitteissa, joissa tekstin tuottaminen on hankalaa. Eräs kieliteknologiasovellusten tärkeimmistä ominaisuuksista on niiden tehokas toiminta ja suorituskyky, jonka tulisi olla kvantitatiivisesti mitattavissa. Oleellisin tutkimuskysymys on näin ollen: (1) miten käytännön kieliteknologiasovellusten suorituskykyä voidaan parantaa merkittävästi lingvistisen tiedon avulla ja (2) mitä tämä vaatii käytännössä? Yleisellä tasolla tutkimuksen tärkeimmät tulokset ovat seuraavat: lingvistisen tiedon käytännön hyödyllisyyttä pitäisi arvioida ainakin kolmesta näkökulmasta, jotka ovat: (1) kielen näkökulma, (2) teknologian näkökulma ja (3) sovelluksen käyttäjän näkökulma. Näiden kolmen näkökulman avulla voidaan määrittää joukko tekijöitä, jotka joko lisäävät tai vähentävät lingvistisen tiedon hyödyllisyyttä käytännön kieliteknologiasovelluksissa. Työn empiirisessä osassa kehitettiin tilastollinen sananennakointisovellus englannin kieleen hyödyntäen parhaiten toimivia ennakointitekniikoita yhdessä ja samassa järjestelmässä. Kehitetyssä järjestelmässä suorituskyky vastaa täysin aiempien järjestelmien suorituskykyä. Työssä testattiin myös joitakin uusia, lingvististä tietoa hyödyntäviä ennakointitekniikoita, joiden suorituskyky vastasi tiettyjen tilastollisten ennakointimenetelmien suorituskykyä. Tutkimuksen tuloksista voidaan päätellä muun muassa, että sananennakointisovellusten suorituskykyä voidaan parantaa merkittävästi lingvistisen tiedon avulla vain käyttämällä samanaikaisesti useita lingvistisen tiedon lähteitä. Tämä taas saattaa hidastaa sovelluksen reaaliaikaista toimintaa ja vaikuttaa sovelluksen suorituskykyyn silloin kun se mitataan näppäinsäästönä merkkisäästön asemesta.