Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate how career listings are interpreted from a recipient perspective. We intend to investigate if Gästrike Räddningstjänst’s job advertisements create ideas about the firefighter. The study aims to answer the following questions: How are gender, norm and sexes conveyed in two job ads from Gästrike Räddningstjänst? What conceptions about the firefighter does the recipient who reads the job ads create? How do women in the ages of 20–25 years, who are living in Gävle interpret job ads from Gästrike Räddningstjänst, in relation to a norm breaking employment advertisement? Theoretical introduction: This case study has been based on several theories about gender, norms and the biological gender. Material and method: Barthes semiotic model for denotation and connotation are being used for image analysis. The study is based on two employment advertisements from Gästrike Räddningstjänst and reception analysis with semi structured interviews. The interviews have been conducted with six informants. Stuart Halls reception model are being used for analysing the interviews. Result: Through image and text analysis we were able to identify that the job ads from Gästrike Räddningstjänst conveys gender and norm throughout image and text, and both combined. This case study has demonstrated that Gästrike Räddningstjänst's employment advertisements create conceptions about whom the firefighter is. By creating a job ad that challenges the standard of communicating the firefighter the informants did not only negotiate about who can become a firefighter but also about gender equality and diversity.

À partir d’une enquête qualitative menée auprès de femmes ayant avorté dans les dixdernières années en France et au Québec, cette recherche met en évidence la normecontraceptive dans ces deux sociétés et révèle l’opposition forte faite par l’ensemble desfemmes – et même celles qui avortent plusieurs fois – entre les « bonnes » pratiques enmatière de contrôle des naissances – la contraception – et la « mauvaise » pratique –l’avortement. Bien qu’il soit une donnée structurelle des trajectoires reproductives desfemmes, une pratique aujourd’hui sans risque pour leur santé et un acte ordinaire lorsqu’on ledéfait de la charge morale qui lui est associé, l’IVG continue d’être l’objet d’un ensemble dereprésentations sociales stigmatisantes. Aussi, l’analyse des expériences des femmes rendcompte de l’ensemble des éléments qui teintent le vécu d’une ou de plusieurs interruptions degrossesse. Si la décision d’avorter est une évidence pour l’ensemble des femmes, lorsqu’ellessont impliquées dans des activités concurrentes (études, carrière ou élevage et allaitementd’un enfant en bas âge), elle peut devenir plus difficile lorsqu’elle correspond au refus de leurpartenaire d’investir un projet parental qu’elles portent seules. Enfin, la mise en perspectivedes modalités de la prise en charge énoncée par les femmes à Paris et à Montréal, révèle lesnombreux obstacles qui peuvent rendre cet épisode plus compliqué voire douloureux,témoignant des réticences dans ces deux sociétés à penser cette pratique comme un acteordinaire de planification des naissances relevant principalement du champ de la santé. / Based on a sociological survey about women who had an abortion during the last ten years inFrance and Quebec, this research reveals the weight of contraceptive norm in both societies,especially the strong opposition that all women make – even those who aborted several times– between “good” birth control practices (contraception) and “bad” ones (abortion). Abortionis a structural element of women’s reproductive trajectories, that is to say without today riskto their health; moreover, it is an ordinary act when the moral burden that is currentlyassociated with is defeated. Nevertheless, termination of pregnancy continues to be subject toa set of social representations which still stigmatize it. That’s why the analysis of women'sexperiences accounts for the set of elements that influence the experience of one or moreabortions. Even if the decision to abort is obvious to all women, especially as they areinvolved in competing activities (education, career or breeding and feeding of a child), it canbecome more difficult when it corresponds to the partner’s refusal to invest a parental projectwomen thus carry up alone. Finally, by putting into perspective the terms of the support thatwomen receive in Paris and Montreal, the thesis reveals the numerous obstacles that can makeabortion a more complicated or painful episode. These impediments show the reluctance ofboth societies to think this practice as an ordinary act of birth planning that falls mainly withinthe health field.

The curriculum for upper secondary school clearly states that every school is obliged to ensure that teaching centres on and implements democratic values in order to prevent discrimination (Skolverket, 2013). How to do this however, is up to the local school to decide. Norm-critical pedagogy shows that in order to inculcate democratic values in education, the individual teacher must design the teaching material so that it focuses on such values (Bromseth & Darj, 2010). The purpose of this study, and the aim of this essay, is to investigate how democratic values can be implemented in classroom practice using Shakespeare’s The Tempest, A Midsummer Night’s Dream and The Taming of The Shrew. English classes in the courses English 5 and English 6 were asked to read extracts from each of the plays, and then evaluate the play of choice in terms of the socio-political reality of the late Renaissance portrayed in the extracts, through the prism of today’s democratic values. The pupils were assisted in the task by having close-reading questions to answer, and later a smaller written assessment in form of a blog-entry, in order to help develop their thinking. The results of the study show that the pupils were perfectly able to evaluate and discuss values and practices such as equality, racism or sexism based on their reading. From a normpedagogical approach to teaching, it therefore seem that Shakespeare’s The Tempest, A Midsummer Night’s Dream and The Taming of The Shrew can be utilised as teaching material in order to help foster the development of democratic values, and discussions around the same, into the classroom.

The curriculum for upper secondary school clearly states that every school is obliged to ensure that teaching centres on and implements democratic values in order to prevent discrimination (Skolverket, 2013). How to do this however, is up to the local school to decide. Norm-critical pedagogy shows that in order to inculcate democratic values in education, the individual teacher must design the teaching material so that it focuses on such values (Bromseth & Darj, 2010). The purpose of this study, and the aim of this essay, is to investigate how democratic values can be implemented in classroom practice using Shakespeare’s The Tempest, A Midsummer Night’s Dream and The Taming of The Shrew. English classes in the courses English 5 and English 6 were asked to read extracts from each of the plays, and then evaluate the play of choice in terms of the socio-political reality of the late Renaissance portrayed in the extracts, through the prism of today’s democratic values. The pupils were assisted in the task by having close-reading questions to answer, and later a smaller written assessment in form of a blog-entry, in order to help develop their thinking. The results of the study show that the pupils were perfectly able to evaluate and discuss values and practices such as equality, racism or sexism based on their reading. From a norm-pedagogical approach to teaching, it therefore seem that Shakespeare’s The Tempest, A Midsummer Night’s Dream and The Taming of The Shrew can be utilised as teaching material in order to help foster the development of democratic values, and discussions around the same, into the classroom.

Submitted by Edileide Reis (leyde-landy@hotmail.com) on 2013-05-14T13:29:10Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Noemi Pereira de Santana P2.pdf: 6589731 bytes, checksum: 7f29456ba43df5b1c86a06b523db7de5 (MD5) Noemi Pereira de Santana P1.pdf: 2311398 bytes, checksum: 3e3e4ade1ad5ca6e899c38d76771d82d (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Alda Lima da Silva(sivalda@ufba.br) on 2013-05-27T21:26:43Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Noemi Pereira de Santana P2.pdf: 6589731 bytes, checksum: 7f29456ba43df5b1c86a06b523db7de5 (MD5) Noemi Pereira de Santana P1.pdf: 2311398 bytes, checksum: 3e3e4ade1ad5ca6e899c38d76771d82d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-05-27T21:26:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Noemi Pereira de Santana P2.pdf: 6589731 bytes, checksum: 7f29456ba43df5b1c86a06b523db7de5 (MD5) Noemi Pereira de Santana P1.pdf: 2311398 bytes, checksum: 3e3e4ade1ad5ca6e899c38d76771d82d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / Esta dissertação pretende identificar o grau de interferência do processo de escolarização na constituição da norma culta do português brasileiro, considerando, por um lado, o papel da escola como condutora da padronização lingüística e, por outro, o número de indivíduos que teve acesso à instrução pública, na Bahia, na segunda metade do século XIX, momento de profundas transformações na sociedade baiana, com a abolição da escravatura e a implantação do regime republicano. A abordagem teórico-metodológica da Sociolingüística considera o nível de escolaridade como fator social determinante na configuração das normas de uma língua, e os estudos voltados para a história social lingüística do português brasileiro têm enfatizado a necessidade de reconstruir a história da escolarização no Brasil, observando em que medida esse processo contribuiu na constituição da norma culta. Os dados expostos neste trabalho foram levantados em documentos oficiais e nãooficiais, identificando-se os conteúdos ensinados e os métodos utilizados no ensino de língua portuguesa, bem como índices relacionados à população escolar e ao sistema de ensino. Embora os materiais didáticos e os métodos de ensino relativos à língua portuguesa tenham se aprimorado e o governo tenha intensificado investimentos no setor de instrução pública, ao se observar a estrutura das escolas, o fluxo de professores e o índice de freqüência dos alunos, não é possível assegurar que, no período em foco, o padrão lingüístico tenha sido plenamente adquirido por essa população. / Salvador

Denna uppsats redogör för en studie med syftet att undersöka dialektbruk, dialektattityder samt vilken betydelse dialekten har för identiteten hos gymnasieelever.  Undersökning baseras på två informantgrupper från Gotland och Stockholm som dels genomfört en enkätundersökning, dels deltagit i gruppintervjuer. Resultatet visar att en majoritet av eleverna anser att de talar dialekt och är positiva till dialekternas existens och det är fler flickor som anser sig tala dialekt än pojkar. Det egna sättet att tala har en stark koppling till identiteten framför allt för ungdomarna på Gotland. Dock visar studien att standardspråkets prestige är betydande för båda informantgrupperna. Ur ett didaktiskt perspektiv är studien intressant eftersom eleverna från det mer utpräglade dialektområdet Gotland är mer medvetna om sitt sätt att tala, vilket går att koppla till det faktum att de har haft mer undervisning i skolan om de svenska dialekterna i allmänhet samt den egna dialekten.

Målet med denna studie är att med hjälp av en semiotisk innehållsanalys av två svenska tv-serier skapa medvetenhet kring genusutvecklingen. Detta genom att undersöka hur kvinnor framställs i tv-serierna Andra Avenyn och Bonusfamiljen. Framställningen av två kvinnliga huvudkaraktärer från vardera serie granskas i avseende på könsroller, stereotyper och normer för att besvara frågan om och hur framställningen skiljer serierna åt. Studien syftar även på att besvara om Bonusfamiljen är normbrytande i jämförelse med Andra Avenyn, detta med tanke på deras olika produktionsår. Frågorna besvaras genom analys av utvalda scener. Dessa granskas utifrån en denotativ och en konnotativ nivå. Som stöd till analysen har även ett analysschema utformats. Detta baseras på två teman: ”interaktioner” och ”personlighet”. Det teoretiska ramverk som används innefattar genusteori och feministisk teori.  Resultatet visar att karaktärerna är skapta med stor medvetenhet kring genus och feminism. Kvinnorna är självständiga och starka och återspeglar således ”den moderna kvinnan”. En av de kvinnliga huvudkaraktärerna i Bonusfamiljen speglar dock en mer könsstereotyp bild i jämförelse med karaktärerna i Andra Avenyn. Gemensamt för serierna är att de bryter könsmaktsordningen. / The goal with this qualitative semiotic analysis is to enlighten awareness regarding gender development. This, by examining how women are pictured in two Swedish tv series, Andra Avenyn and Bonusfamiljen. Two female main characters from each series are examined in terms of gender roles, stereotypes and norms in order to see if and how the female role differs between the series. The study also aims to answer whether Bonusfamiljen is normative or not in comparison to Andra Avenyn. This, in consideration to their different production years. The questions are answered through analysis of selected scenes. These are examined based on a denotative and a congenational level. In support to the analysis, a schedule has been developed. This is based on two themes: "interactions" and "personality". The theoretical framework used in this study includes gender and feminist theory.  The result shows that the characters are created with great awareness regarding gender and feminism. The women are independent and strong and thus reflect the "modern woman". However, one of the female main characters in Bonusfamiljen reflects a more gender stereotypical image compared to the characters in Andra Avenyn. Although, both series show a more modern look on gender roles.

The purpose of this study has been to investigate teachers’ treatment of girls and boys in religiouseducation and how these teachers discuss their treatment of them. The study is set in Kurdistan innorthern Iraq. Religion teachers were interviewed in order to examine their reasoning regardingtheir treatment of girls and boys and observations have been performed to investigate how theseteachers treat the students in religious education. As a background, the study describes the Kurdisheducation from the time of them being an ethnic minority group in northern Iraq to becoming a selfgovernedregion with their own curriculum. This study has used a qualitative method whereinterviews have been conducted with a phenomenological approach and ethnography as a methodfor the observations. The study's results have been analyzed based on its gender-theoretical points.The study has been written with the help of a phenomenology approach. The results have beendiscussed based on the studies gender-theoretical points. The conclusion is that even though girlsand boys are considered equal they do not have equal opportunities. / Syftet med denna studie har varit att undersöka lärares bemötande av flickor respektive pojkar ireligionsundervisningen i Kurdistan i norra Irak, samt hur dessa lärare resonerar kring sittbemötande. Religionslärare har intervjuats för att undersöka deras resonemang kring sitt bemötandeoch observationer har utförts för att undersöka hur dessa lärare bemöter eleverna ireligionsundervisningen. Som bakgrund har studien beskrivit Kurdistans undervisning från att varaen minoritetsfolkgrupp i norra Irak till att sedan bli en självstyrd region med egen läroplan. Enkvalitativ metod har använts och intervjuer med ett fenomenologiskt tillvägagångsätt har utförtsoch med etnografi som observationsmetod. Resultat har analyserats utifrån de genusteoretiskautgångspunkter. Utifrån fenomenologin och de teoretiska utgångspunkterna har resultatetdiskuterats. Slutsatsen är att trots att flickor och pojkar ses som jämlika så har de inte likamöjligheter.

Syftet med denna studie är att bidra med kunskap om hur förskollärare förhåller sig till barns oönskade lek och hur de motiverar sitt förhållningssätt. Forskningsfrågorna som besvaras i studien är hur beskriver förskollärare oönskad lek? Hur bemöter förskollärare barns oönskade lek? Samt hur motiverar förskollärare sitt bemötande av barns oönskade lek? Studien är genomförd som en fallstudie där intervju använts som metod för att få fram data. Studiens resultat har analyserats med hjälp av normmodellen med dess tre hörnstenar vilja, kunskap och möjligheter. Resultatet visar att förskollärare har en vilja att försöka förstå lekar som bryter mot vad som kan anses som icke önskvärda dvs. som bryter mot normen. Förskollärarna ger uttryck för en ”tyst kunskap” då de motiverar sitt hanterande av leken genom sina tidigare erfarenheter av den typen av lek. Vidare ställer förskollärare frågor till barnen om lekens innehåll för att försöka förstå barnens syfte med leken. Att barn bearbetar händelser i sina lekar och att förskollärarna motiverar sitt förhållningssätt styrs av samsynen i arbetslaget kring oönskad lek.  Slutsatsen i studien är att förskollärarna vill barnets bästa och att de har en ambition att möta barnen i deras lek oavsett om förskolläraren ser på leken som icke önskvärd eller önskvärd.

We establish multiresolution norm equivalences in weighted spaces <i>L²_w</i>((0,1)) with possibly singular weight functions <i>w(x)</i>&ge;0 in (0,1). Our analysis exploits the locality of the biorthogonal wavelet basis and its dual basis functions. The discrete norms are sums of wavelet coefficients which are weighted with respect to the collocated weight function <i>w(x)</i> within each scale. Since norm equivalences for Sobolev norms are by now well-known, our result can also be applied to weighted Sobolev norms. We apply our theory to the problem of preconditioning <i>p</i>-Version FEM and wavelet discretizations of degenerate elliptic problems.