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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
141

審計溝通功能之研究--投資者對於審計報告之了解

許俐雅, XIE, LI-YA Unknown Date (has links)
獨立會計師的貢獻,在於給予財務報表信用,對財務報表實施審查。對會計師而言, 其有將其審查的性質和意見,傳送予財務報表使用人,方能稱為有效的溝通。 學者一般認為審計報告具有溝通上的缺陷,國內在這方面的研究尚不多見,本論文的 主要內容,則係針對這項課題: 一、討論溝通理論的基本觀念。 二、實證研究投資者對於審計報告中的用辭和觀念的了解程度。 三、依實證的結果,並參考有關文獻,重新檢討現行的審計報告是否需要修正。
142

從資訊使用者觀點論企業部門別財務報告

游朝堂, You, Zhao-Tang Unknown Date (has links)
第一章:緒論;第一節為研究動機與目的,二節為研究方法與限制等。 第二章為部門別報告之發展:研究多角經營公司之發展以瞭解部門報告之歷史背景, 其次研究學術界對部門別報告之研究及美國政府機構與會計權威團體對部門別報告有 關之規定。 第三章部門別報告之品質特性:研究部門資訊之有用性,包括:成本與效益之分析、 可理解性、攸關性、可靠性及可比較性等。 第四章部門別報告編製之技術問題:本章研究部門資訊之揭露可能遭遇之問題,並提 出解決之方法,內容包括:劃分部門之基礎、重要部門之決定、必須揭露之資訊內容 、適用性與表達之方式等。 第五章為結論與建議。將本論文前面各章之研究結果作一總結,並提出個人建議。 #1028807p #1028807p
143

新聞報導者的預存立場與其報導新聞之關係

張崇仁, Zhang, Chong-Ren Unknown Date (has links)
本論文旨在研究新聞報導者是否由於預存立場的不同,而影響了其新聞寫作的方式 。 此研究以問卷調查和寫作評審兩種方法進行,而後以多重比較的統計方法分析資料 。 研究假設: (一)有參與偏向的新聞報導者,傾向撰寫分析性或解釋性新聞,而不強調簡單事 實報導。 (二)持中間立場的新聞報導者,傾向報導純新聞,而不大會去試圖分析或解釋新 聞。 (三)新聞報導者對新聞事件的態度,不會影響其新聞報導的方式。 (四)特別差異不會影響新聞報導的方式。
144

聯合報系動態能耐關鍵因子之研究____以2004年台灣花卉博覽會為例

吳仁麟, wu,jen- lin Unknown Date (has links)
在歷經開發報禁、有線電視市場興起和網路時代來臨這種種的內外環境的衝擊與變革之後,在21世紀迎接台灣報業的,是看來一場比一場嚴苛的考驗,對外,要不斷提升自身的市場價值,對內,則必須持續的降低成本,更重要的,當經營者意識到市場的基盤有了結構性的變革時,以報業本身的核心資源來發展新營收模式也就成了中外報業經營者共同的重要策略方向。 創辦超過半世紀,佈局全球的聯合報系自2000年前後開始進入另一段全新的戰鬥時期,除了報業的原有競爭對手,更有電波媒體前力分食讀者與廣告各項資源,於是「定位」、「開源」、「節流」就成了這個全球最大民營報業集團的三大轉型手段。 在「定位」工作上,聯合報系開始把競爭對手的範疇擴大到報業之外,甚至把有線電視媒體都設定成競爭對手,同時利用內外整合的方式,把自己從原先的「報業」定位上移到到「知識加值服務業」。 在「開源」工作上,聯合報系加強早年已經開始著手的積極爭取業外營收,進一步的爭取各共重大公共活動的標案與主辦,同時更利用既有的種種核心資源,鼓勵員工多想點子以帶進更多營收。 在「節流」的工作上,除了持續檢討人力,更引進e化工程提高各單位的工作效率。 回顧這幾年聯合報系的發展過程中,許多運作其實都印證了策略管理理論中關於「核心資源」與「動態能耐」的討論內涵,其中又以「2004年台灣花卉博覽會」為最具代表性的創新行動。 本研究發現,聯合報系在花博會中的創新行動中歷經了「事業機會發現」、「資源開採」、「打破組織常規」、「資源整合創新」等策略議題內容,可視為台灣報業為尋求新發展方向一次代表性的創新嚐試,其中的機會與挑戰將不會是單一且暫時性的,本研究的相關結論,或可期為未來台灣媒體產業思考未來發展的參考。 / After pass through the big wave of the “Deregulation of newspaper” 、”Cable TV shocking” and “Internet booming” which all make the newspaper industry dramatically transformation, for newspaper company in Taiwan ,the road ahead is the uncountable tough challenge. So no matter what local and worldwide, all the newspaper company make the effort for both side work so call “cost down” and “value up”, most strategy are focus on the two way necessary , root on the core competence and expands business scope, for this, the company needs to make inner innovative activity , both to relocate resource and structuralize new ability , just like to provide the news service on the web , or the database searching even to start up some new business。 The UDNgroup is the largest private news group in the Chinese world , from about ten years ago in Tawian (UDNgroup headquarter) the company has doing many changing in business operation which is all lock in “ repositioning” 、”expand income resource” 、”cost cut” these three dimension. Especially , in the 2004, UDNgroup as a main business partner of the government of Chiang Hwa county(彰化縣政府) to initial the「2004TFE(Taiwan Flower Expo)」,in this cooperation , UDNgroup has showing many capability of strategy management to decompose the some inner resource and then reassemble some new resource and capability for the TFE. This research is the case study between strategy management of UDNgroup and TFE, to find and understand how can UDNgroup to make a good job in the TFE? And the focus is to know about the factor of “Dynamic Capability” .
145

以財務比率預測未來盈餘及股價異常報酬之研究-比較母公司財務報表與合併財務報表

蘇心盈, Su , Hsin_Yin Unknown Date (has links)
在現今的經濟、法律、政治環境下,許多企業因為法律、稅務、競爭策略等之考量,已不再以法律上單一企業個體進行所有商業行為,也許會以成立子公司或透過股權收購擁有或控制其他企業,以達到特定的目的。財務會計準則公報第七號即針對此點,認為在經濟實質重於法律形式之基礎下,當一企業實質上可控制另一企業時,雖然在法律上其為相互獨立的個體,但基於經濟實質之考量,其應屬於同一個體,因此,合併財務報表之規定因應而生。合併財務報表與一般以權益法處理長期投資之母公司財務報表,最大不同處即在對長期股權投資及投資收益之處理,合併財務報表將母公司財務報表中之長期股權投資及投資收益分解為子公司資產、負債及本期淨利之組成要素,再與母公司財務報表合併,此即所謂「全面合併」。理論上,合併財務報表應較母公司財務報表更能清楚表達一經濟個體之財務狀況、經營成果及現金流量,讓報表使用人看的更清楚。 本研究參考Ou and Penman(1989)及 Holthausen and Larcker(1992)之研究,以財務比率預測企業未來每股盈餘變動方向及股價異常報酬方向。以民國八十六年至民國九十年五年間同時編製母公司及合併財務報表之113家上市公司為觀察公司,並以八十六年至八十九年為估計期間,以財務比率分別建構兩套財務報表之預測模式,將預測模式代入民國九十年之中,預測民國九十一年之每股盈餘變動方向以及股價異常報酬方向,再比較兩套財務報表之預測能力。 實證結果發現,因為兩套財務報表在許多項目金額均相異,所以若以財務比率分析一企業,兩套財務報表的確具不同之意涵,但若將財務比率預測每股盈餘變動方向以及股價異常報酬方向,兩套財務報表的預測能力並未通過統計上之顯著差異,無法得到合併財務報表因其資訊內涵較佳,其預測能力較母公司財務報表為佳之結論。在實證過程中,受到資料取得之限制及許多假設的影響,均可能對此研究結果造成影響。
146

消閑閱讀習慣在近代中國:《良友畫報》出版體與圖畫想像空間之擴展

余芳珍, Fang-chen Yu Unknown Date (has links)
有關報刊史的研究,過去多以分析文字報刊為主,畫報的論析較被忽略。若能從畫報的角度探討,將會發現與文字報刊不盡相同的圖景。 就畫報的發展而言,上海發生過兩次畫報潮,第一次由1884年創辦之《點石齋畫報》引起,第二次則由1926年之《良友畫報》所帶動,並且在三十年形成風潮。《點石齋畫報》為石印畫報,聘請畫師手繪印製而成。在網目照相版技術引進中國之後,攝影圖片取代繪畫圖片,《良友畫報》即採用攝影技術,以大量的照片呈現內容。由於攝影無法拍攝詭譎神怪的情景,因此雖然仍以獵奇作為編輯的基本主軸,但在相當程度上轉變了畫報的內涵。攝影類畫報除了沿襲清末以來石印畫報報導新奇事物的特色之外,還有承襲報刊的哪些面向呢?承襲之後又有哪些轉化性的創新呢?這些創新對於當時讀者來說,具有何種意義呢?換句話說,對讀者而言,和文字報相較,畫報到底被定位為何種類型的讀物?而以「獵奇」為主軸的編輯方式,對讀者產生什麼樣的閱讀感受?這類屬於閱讀史(History of Reading)範圍的問題,是為本論文撰寫的初衷。 本論文除第一章前言與第五章結論之外,共分為三章。《良友畫報》是否造成「閱讀習慣」的轉變,是本論文的問題意識所在。第二章主要從《良友畫報》引發的第二次畫報潮中,所出現之畫報史回顧作品著手,從後設的角度進行分析,闡述這些畫報史作品的寫作手法,以及其所蘊涵之預設,進而深掘在此預設背後,對「畫報」這個型式的界定。當代學者多據這些畫報回顧史作品,討論中國第一份畫報畫報為何,或按照其分類方式進行討論,本章的目的即在於對此種研究取徑做一反思,希望藉由後設的角度,進一步論析上述畫報史文章,從而避免跟隨其後見之明的論旨,進而為其所牽制,並且藉此深掘當時讀者對於「畫報」的觀感與定位,更為確切地掌握彼時讀者的心態。 第三章主要討論《良友畫報》的出版機構——良友圖書印刷公司,藉由分析良友圖書公司的整體風格,作為理解《良友畫報》的背景,避免僅就報刊文本探討所導致的平面分析之弊。本章的研究手法,亦非僅僅描述良友圖書公司的建置而已,而是將上海書業龍頭商務印書館與良友圖書印刷公司作一比較,討論該公司如何自民初以來唯有出版教科書才能生存的上海書業中,突破既有的窠臼,開創以出版畫報為專業方向之全新出版風格,深化第二章關於三十年代對「畫報」體裁所抱持的看法,揭示良友圖書印刷公司對於消閑閱讀習慣的建立,實具有不可忽視的影響力。 順此而下,第四章則將焦點放置在良友圖書印刷公司旗下銷量最佳的《良友畫報》,析論《良友畫報》如何運用「畫報」特具的圖像特質,呈現與文字報刊不甚相同的閱讀圖景,在強化第一章對「畫報」獨特性討論之際,亦試圖梳理出迥異於李歐梵等學者所呈現的摩登時尚之另一種現代性面貌。結論除綜述內文論旨之外,另援用哈伯瑪斯之「公共領域」(public sphere)的概念,討論自晚清李伯元《遊戲報》以來所帶動的消閑閱讀習慣,被 1910 至1920 年代盛行的小報潮負面化以來,《良友畫報》如何扭轉當時人對消閑閱讀的惡評,確立消閑閱讀習慣的正當性,進而去除《遊戲報》以來的諷刺時事之「公共領域」特質,轉變為一個純淨的消閑空間,並且在失去批評時政的特色下,從而被政治當局挪用,成為官方意識型態的傳聲筒。
147

成交量是否可以預測報酬負偏態?─以Horn and Stein模型對臺灣上市公司實證為例

謝文凱, Hsieh,Wen Kai Unknown Date (has links)
市場上通常存在著跌幅大過漲幅的現象,更強烈的說法是,市場會在一夕之間崩盤,但卻不會在一夕之間漲上天,這造成了報酬負偏態的現象,而Horn and Stein的理論模型認為市場存在著兩群堅持己見、對股價有不同看法的投資人,再加上這群投資人面對放空的限制,是造成報酬負偏態的主要因素,若投資人之間看法差異愈大,則負偏態現象愈明顯。Chen, Horn and Stein根據他們的理論模型,他們將成交量定義週轉率,提出利用股票的週轉率來預測負偏態的概念,而本研究利用他們所提出的實證模型,應用在台灣股市上,並與美國實證結果相對照,實證結果顯示: 1. 在台灣,6個月期間週轉率愈高於平均的個股或大盤,下6個月報酬負偏態的情況會愈顯著,但其影響力和美國實證結果相對照小很多。 2. 市值愈大的股票,其報酬正偏態的情況愈顯著,這與美國的實證結果是相反的。 3. 依隨機泡沫模型理論,過去報酬率愈大的資產,愈有可能產生報酬負偏態的情況,而台灣的實證顯示,過去的報酬率無法有效的預測報酬負偏態,但美國的實證結果是成功的 / In stock market history, the very large movement are always decrease rather than increase. In other words, stock market tends to melt down, not melt up. This kind of return asymmetry causes the negative skewness of the stock return (either market portfolio or single stock). There are mainly three schools to explain mechanism behind the negative skewness of the return. They are leverage effect, assymmetry volatility, and stochastic bubble model. Chen, Horn and Stein states that stocks come through high turnover will later on go through the negative skewness of return. We use the empirical model proposed by Horn and Stein to inpsect if turnover can predict negative skewness of return in Taiwan stock market. we have three conclusions: 1. Negative skewness is greater in stocks and market portfolio that have experienced an increase in turnover rate relative to trend over the prior six month. This effect is smaller than that in America. 2. Negative skewness is greater in stocks that are larger in terms of market capitalization. This empirical evidence is contrary to those in America. 3. In view of stochastic bubble model, stocks that have high positive returns in the past are more likely to experience greater negative skewness in return. Empirical evidence in Taiwan shows that stochastic bubble does not apply to Taiwan stocks market, that is, past return in stocks can not predict the negative skewness in return.
148

企業專利管理與內部報導之個案研究

陳貞佑 Unknown Date (has links)
近年來,企業的核心競爭力來源已逐漸由有形資產轉變為無形資產。而在眾多無形資產中,又以專利權代表著企業研發創新能力,而具有高度資訊意涵。但在目前針對專利管理面向的研究中,尚未有針對企業如何對整體專利化流程進行有效管理並結合評估、報導專利成果的完整架構,故本研究採用個案研究法,並輔以個案公司內部問卷之方式,探討企業如何有效建立專利管理與內部報導機制,並達成以下結論: 一、企業專利管理架構乃從企業整體策略出發,連結專利策略,並根據專利策略發展出專利管理制度與內部報導機制;透過專利管理制度可促進內部報導項目目標之達成,而透過內部報導項目可評估專利管理制度之成果。 二、運用個案公司內部問卷調查,篩選出27項重要之專利內部報導項目。 三、透過與個案公司實地訪談,彙整出八大項專利管理制度與作法,並進一步分為一般性專利管理制度與策略性專利管理制度 四、將內部報導項目進一步分為量化指標與非量化指標兩種專利報導方式;量化指標乃透過數量化資訊將實際值與目標值進行比較;而非量化指標又可分為兩種報導方式,一是運用描述本期管理做法並與上期比較以評估管理成果,另一種方式是發放問卷並報導問卷結果,透過本期與上期問卷結果的比較來評估管理成果。 五、透過專利報導項目與企業實際之管理做法相互比較後,分析個案公司之三項管理缺口。 / Recently the competitive resources of the enterprise is switching from tangible assets to intangible assets. Among those intangible assets, patents represent the R&D and innovation abilities of the business, and include high valued infromations. However there is short of complete framework of patent management and patent internal reporting system in those patent-relative research areas. Therefore, this study use case study research, and is supported by the questionnaire to show how could the enterprise use valid management and reporting system to achieve great patent results. The conclusions of this study are the followings: First, the patent management framework is established from the business strategy to patent strategy, and develop the relative patent management and internal reporting systems. Use the patent management to achieve the reporting objectives; use the patent reporting ways to evaluate the management performance. Second, use the internal questionnaire to select twenty-seven important internal reporting items. Third, through the interviews with the target company summarize eight patent management ways, and classify them to general and strategic management ways. Fourth, there are two reporting methods. One is quantification items, using quantified information and compare to the earlier stage to show the management results; the other is non-quantification items, describing the management conditions or reporting questionnaire results and compare to the earlier stage to evaluate the management performance. Fifth, according to the comparisons of the reporting items and management ways, this study analyse three management gaps of the target company.
149

「國語日報」品牌再造研究

林瑋 Unknown Date (has links)
老品牌往往能夠創造夢想來滿足消費者的夢想,且能長時間保持一致性,獲得消費者的信賴,如此老品牌方能長青。 品牌經營者不能完全仰仗老品牌的知名度而不做任何革新,否則當銷售量下跌、成長率衰退的時候,老品牌的原有支持者逐漸年老,新的客群又未能接續支持老品牌,此時光環退色,當年風光不再,徒留懷舊與感慨的傷情。 為避免危機臨頭,能長期創造佳績,永保金字招牌閃亮,品牌經營者應不時在目標顧客中注入新生命,創造令人印象深刻的復甦,重新恢復品牌地位。 「國語日報」從1948年創刊,六十年來的執著,推行國語文教育不懈,在語文教育與兒童文學領域,均創建輝煌佳績,六十年來堅持以教育理念辦報及關心社會公益,在讀者心目中建立多面向的良好品牌印象。 本研究從品牌再造觀點出發,供給面透過「國語日報」內部高層深入訪談來研究,需求面透過針對國語日報的讀者──學童、家長及教師,舉辦焦點團體討論,整理出由消費者需求角度切入的觀點,重新定義「國語日報」的品牌定位,加以品牌創新,讓國語日報經由品牌再造在未來可以繼續發光發熱六十年。 / Old brands are often able to create dreams that satisfy what consumers yearn for, and remain consistent over a long period of time, winning consumers’ trust and loyalty. Brand operators should not fully rely on established name recognition without making any change. Otherwise, when sales drop and growth decline, and original supporters of an old brand gradually age and new customers do not fill the gap left behind, the brand would lose its luster, leaving only reminiscence and much regret. To prevent an impending crisis, and deliver brilliant performance in the long term and maintain an unshakable status forever, brand operators should constantly inject new life into target customers, creating a revival that leaves a deep impression and restoring brand status. Since its establishment in 1948, the Mandarin Daily News has for 60 years commit itself to the promotion of Mandarin education, showing splendid performance in language education and children’s literature. For 60 years, the newspaper has built its business on the concept of education and has contributed greatly to social welfare, establishing an excellent, multi-faceted brand image amongst readers. By compiling opinions from the perspective of consumers’ requirements through in-depth interview with the Mandarin Daily News’ top level management and the newspaper’s readers, including students, parents and teachers, the Study, taking the approach of brand reengineering, seeks to redefine the brand positioning of the Mandarin Daily News and achieve brand innovation that would allow the newspaper to continue shining in the next 60 years.
150

從混搭式報導出現,談學院知識份子在報紙新聞裡的形貌變遷 / Changing Intellectuals species in Newspaper,1987~2009

彭群弼, Peng, Chun Bi Unknown Date (has links)
本研究始於採訪實務中的觀察:學者在報端發表評論,影響了讀者們對於重要新聞事件或社會議題的解讀,報紙則藉助學者的身分及知識,提高報紙的可信度。根據一份來自媒體內部的非正式排行榜卻顯示,短短數年內,知名的學者或專家見諸報端的次數竟然多達數百次,這份名單被用來提醒記者們少找這些高曝光者。美國媒體界通稱這一群常見諸報端的評論者為Pundit(研究者試譯為「評匠」),他們擁有「一通電話,快速評論」的本領,甚至自嘲是「評論應召者」。這樣的轉變毋寧是巨大的,研究者試圖追尋知識份子在報紙裡形貌的轉變。  評論是報紙提供讀者除了資訊之外,得到觀點的重要來源。除了來自學院的知識份子之外,其他評論者還包括來自產業或具有專門知識的專家(例如律師、會計師、醫師或產業專門人士等),包括記者及專欄作家等媒體工作者以及透過投書表達意見的一般民眾。在報導形式上,除了客觀事實之外,摻入專家評論或民眾意見這種混合報導與評論的新聞,出現的頻率越來越多,尤以《蘋果日報》最常使用。研究者將此一報導形式稱為「混搭式報導」(crossover-reporting),取其將不同性質的訊息及知識拼貼在一起之意,並作為觀察知識份子形貌變化的重要取徑。 本研究採定性及定量雙重取徑,透過內容分析法,選擇1987年(解除報禁)、1989、1997、1999、2003、2009等六個年份,包括:《聯合報》、《中國時報》、《自由時報》(1989年起)、及《蘋果日報》(2003年起)等四份主要報紙,以立意取樣觀察並紀錄評論者出現的次數、所佔面積/字數、位置(如新聞辦面、論壇版面或副刊版面等)、形式(如專文、座談會、受訪、讀者投書),是否為混搭式報導等。另搭配對報導內容的定性觀察及深入訪談兩位新聞工作者,輔助量化分析所得並進一步進行質性探討。 結果顯示:雖然隨著報禁開放,學院知識份子的評論次數逐漸增加,但在22年間,評論的平均面積卻減少了52%,且從可完整論述的專文,逐漸退卻並轉進到民意論壇。以專文為例,從1987年的每篇平均320cm2,減少到2009年的80cm2。學院知識份子份量減少但次數增加,此一現象自2003年《蘋果日報》創刊後,大量採用混搭式報導就更形明顯。混搭式報導也提供了產業知識份子(專家)們評論的機會,甚至一般民眾都可以表達意見,出現的次數甚至不亞於比學者,但分量更為稀少,平均面積只有10餘平方公分。 至於深入訪談的編輯主管及第一線的記者都坦承在截稿時間壓力下及編輯部門要求下,會趨向選擇採訪口語表達能力好,反應快、可主動提供符合編輯需要的評論意見的學者或專家,與美國的評匠有相當高的同質性。 綜上,研究者認為,知識份子與報紙之間的關係,已從早期的文人報導,論政救國,逐漸退居到作為報導裡眾生喧嘩裡的評論者之一。知識遭到工具化,僅有滿足報紙設定立場的機械式評論。作為獨立意見提供者,知識份子或許應該維持反叛與堅持的態度,基於面向社會的責任感。在面對報業困境及呈現爆炸式成長的新興傳播科技與網路社群的同時,知識份子們應當重新自我書寫、發表並尋回獨立發聲的機會,方能作為社會良知,發聲以震聵 / In order to emphasize the credibility of news reports and offer news analysis to the readers, newspaper as well as other media always quote the comments of experts or scholars. However, an informal ranking list came from a newspaper revealed that the same group of experts always quoted up to several hundred times within years, and the mangers of the this newspaper reminded their reporters to avoid interviewing those experts who were familiar to the public. The American media industry call a group of commentators with different specialties often shown in the newspaper as ‘Pundit,’who are well prepared to answer questions or express their viewpoints for the reporters in a phone call quickly. Thus, this phenomenon seems to be common not only in Taiwan but also in other countries. Comments in the newspaper provide readers different point of views other than objective information. Instead of academic scholars, experts such as lawyers, doctors, accountants, columnists and senior media workers can also play the role of commentators. In this study, we observe a kind of news report which reporters not only provide facts to the readers, but also quote the comments of the intellectuals, as well as that of common people. The study call this type of reports as ‘crossover-reporting,’ which is a new phenomena in Taiwan media industry, and the reporter of which combine different kinds of information in a report. This technique is seemed to be mostly used by Apple Daily. By analyzing how the intellectuals and their comments appears in the newspaper, the study tries to explore the changing roles of the intellectuals in Taiwan printed media. Both quantitative and qualitative analysis are used in this study. We choose four newspaper from 1989 to 2009 as our materials. The properties of the comments were further analyzed by purposively sampling the appearance of intellectuals in the main contents in theses newspapers. We analyze the number of words, the section where the report appears (e.g. in the main reports, forums, or supplements), and the form (e.g. special articles, opinion, symposium, interviews, or letters to editors) to define whether a report is cross-reporting or not, and to observe the change of the role of intellectuals. Besides, we interview two senior media worker to gather qualitative information for our analysis; one of the interviewee is a chief editor and the other one is a senior reporter. The results of the study shows that the number of comments from academic scholars is increasing since 1987 (the year which the Lifting of Martial Law is declared in Taiwan); however, the average area is decreased by 52% within 22 years, and the form they appeared is gradually transformed from integral special article to public opinion forum (e.g. the average area was 320 cm2 in 1987, but remain only 80 cm2 in 2009 in special articles). The study also shows since Apply Daily started publication in 2003 and its massive use of crossover-reporting, the academic scholars’ number of words quoted by reporter has decreased, but the number of academic scholars’ quotation has increased. We also find that the using of crossover-reporting provides the opportunities for other intellectuals and even general public to comment on news issues. The number of their comment is even more than that of the scholars, but number of words of the former (average area is only about 10 cm2) is lesser than that of the latter. By interviewing two senior media workers, both of them agree that, under time pressure and the demand from editors, they prefer to adopt the comments from those intellectuals who can express clearly, response quickly and actively provide information. This situation is very similar to that of American mass media industry of which the media always need ‘Pundit’ to give quick and clear comments for the needs of reporting and editing. In words, this study demonstrates the change of the role of the intellectuals in the newspaper; they used to offered professional opinions for the public and played important role in politics. However, in the recent years, the intellectuals’ role gradually decline and become only one of the commentators appearing in media. Now professional knowledge is used only as tool to support the viewpoint of the newspaper. In our opinion, we still suggest that the intellectuals should remember their social responsibilities, keep their independent and critical roles and resist the present situation which regard them as only tools or materials of reporting. In facing the decline of printed media and the rising of new media technology such as internet and social media, the intellectuals should try to reclaim their position as the conscience of the society and reacquire their influencing role to enlightening the public.

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