隨著台灣經濟快速發展，現今女性的教育水準愈來愈高，在社會扮演的角色也愈來愈重要。然而，女性在面對工作生活平衡時，相較男性更受不同角色的衝突所影響；大多職業女性在面臨照顧小孩與工作的兩難時，往往會優先選擇全職照顧子女。另一方面，僱主常以「工作不勝任」、「試用期間不適任」來作解僱懷孕員工理由，或不顧及其安全，照常要求其從事粗重的工作。因此，提供懷孕與產後女性員工一個能夠免於就業歧視、友善對待及兼顧工作與家庭之職場環境為相當重要。 而做為台灣勞工密集、經濟發展主力的中小企業，常被認為因資源短缺而給予員工較為不完善的友善職場措施與福利，難道當中沒有一些中小企業特別著重關懷懷孕與產後女性員工，擁有更完善之相關友善職場措施規劃嗎？因此，本文欲探討曾於中小企業CSR獎中【幸福職場】項目的企業，再與非得獎企業分別於「達到法規標準相關友善措施」、「法規規範以外相關友善措施」、「措施自由使用度」三大項目進行比較，從而深入了解台灣中小企業對於懷孕與產後女性員工之友善職場措施規劃與實施狀況為何，希望藉由此研究歸納出一些管理實務建議給予中小企業作參考之用。 / As Taiwan’s economy is developing rapidly, women’s education levels get much higher, and their social roles become more important. However, when most of employed women facing the conflicts between taking care of their children and their jobs, they always choose to spend their time fully with their children in priority. On the other hand, employers often use “job incompetence” or “incompetence during probation” as excuses to dismiss pregnant employees, or disregard their safety and instruct them to deal with tough works as usual. Therefore, it is essential to offer pregnant and after-partum female employees a friendly workplace environment. Taiwan SMEs, being the most labor-intensive and the main power of Taiwan economic development, are always known as providing employees with few well-instructed friendly workplace practices and welfare due to lack of resources. However, does it mean that no SMEs have ever offered pregnant and post-partum employees friendly workplace practices? Therefore, this study wants to investigate those companies which have been awarded [Happy Workplace] prize of SMEs CSR prize, and then compare to those companies which have not yet awarded in terms of “meeting regulatory standards”, “more than regulatory standards” and “the freedom to use” of friendly workplace practices for pregnant and post-partum employees, so as to understand deeply the situation of implementing those related practices, and provide some practical advices to Taiwan SMEs for future use.

1987年國父紀念館女性員工因懷孕而遭到雇主解雇的事件發生，促使婦女新知基金會檢討台灣女性的工作權益，並於1989年草擬完成一部專屬勞動婦女的「男女工作平等法」草案。但從法案的提出到三讀通過卻歷經了12年之久，因而誘發作者想瞭解到底是國家部門刻意忽視女性的權益，或有其它的結構性因素的操作延宕法案的通過。 過去國家機器與資本家是建立在「共謀」關係上，因此，法案的提出勢必影響兩者的「共謀」關係。丙國家如何在不傷及資本家又能顧及女性勞動利益下，制訂出「兩性工作平等法」。國家尋求哪些不同的解決途徑？資本力量又是如何鑲嵌在政治勢力中對法案產生嚴重的阻撓作用？法案的通過是否代表婦運團體對於國家機器與資本主義運作的挑戰成功？ 本文目的在於釐清婦運如何挑戰國家機器與市場機制，而制定出保障婦女的法令政策，同時在整個推法過程中，新知如何逼使國家提出相對法案。文中也將呈現資本家如何透過在立法院的代言人影響法案的通過與制定，以及在整個立法過程中，婦運團體如何顛覆父權思想與資本主義體系的運作邏輯。因此，除了探究職場中存在哪些性別不平等的結構事實外，還必須剖析這些現象的產生是因結構、制度因素而成的，或是婦運變遷的結果。以及到底是國家部門刻意忽視女性的權益，或是因為其他的結構性因素的操作而不能完成立法。 在資本主義下女性除了面臨職場內兩性不平等的對待外，更要擔負沈重的家務責任。但對於這些不平等的對待，過去並未有學者深入分析研究。第二章即說明女性因料理家務未就業、因懷孕生子退出勞動市場等行為何以稱為是「就業歧視」。經濟學觀點、社會文化觀點又如何看待女性勞動，女性主義觀點對於父權及資本主義叉提出哪些批判？ 第三章將論述80年代末期台灣政治結構轉型加速了社會運動的發展，其中社會運動的特質、運動方式及策略有哪些？婦女運動與社會運動有何不同之處何在？本章主要論述社會運動與婦女運動問的關係以及婦女運動中的「兩性工作平等法」的出現，與台灣政經脈絡及社會結構有何種關係。 第四章將陳明國家與資本家如何回應婦運團體的立法？此外，並論述婦運團體如何推法，運用哪些運動策略以及如何將女性主義實踐在法律條文中，便其成為體制或制度的一部分。最後，本章將側重國家在法案推動過程中角色的扮演。國家在法案推動過程中，是否一如過去馬克思主義所言是資本階級的代言者，或是國家在法案中另有其政策考量？為何國家態度從原先的拖延到主動提出相對版本，甚至有轉為積極的態度？ 第五章則在於論述「兩性工作平等法」如何挑戰資本主義市場運作？而它的出現又是如何制衡資本主義市場對女性勞動者的過度剝削或歧視行為？女性主義如何將其理念實踐在法條中，對資本主義與父權進行更進一步的挑戰？如第四章所論，國家過去與資本家關係密切，所以在不願得罪資本家的態度下一直拖延法案審查。資本家透過哪些管道間接或直接影響法案本身的推動？運用哪些方式阻撓法案的通過？婦運團體又運用哪些策略與戰術逼使國家正視法案且最終通過三讀。 關鍵字：國家機器、父權、資本主義、婦女運動、女性主義、「兩性工作平等法」、婦女新知基金會 / In 1987, female employees who worked in Sun-Yet-Sen Memorial Hall, were laid off because of their pregnancy, thus promoting the Awakening Foundation to look back to the bill regarding female labor in Taiwan, and the draft belongs to laboring women-The Men and Women Equal Employment Bill was finished In 1989, but it took 12 years from the lift to the passing of the three-read, so this induced the author to want to understand if the government ignored the rights of women on purpose or are there other constant factors which caused the delay of the passing of the draft. In the past, the state apparatus and the capitalists were built on collusion; thus, the lifting of the Bill must affect the relationship of the collusion of the two. Therefore, the state must decide on the Equal Employment Bill without hurting all capitalists while caring for the interests of women. What solution is our government seeking? How is capital power embedded in the political power frustrating the effect to the law? Does the passing of the Bill successfully present the women group to challenge the operation of state apparatus and capitalism? The aim of this article is to clarify the women movement challenging the state apparatus and marketing organism, to make relative laws of state guarding the women while promoting the laws how Awakening stops our government to offer relative laws. This article shows how the capitalists have affected the passing and making of the law through legislators, and in the whole process of making the law, how the women group overthrow the operating logic of patriarchy and capitalism. Thus, aside from discussing what unfair structural facts exist in the working field, we must dissect whether the producing of phenomenon belong to structure or institutional factor or the outcome of the change of women movement, and is the state ignoring women's right purposely or there are other institutional factors that prevents the Bill from being passed. Aside from facing the unfair treatment in the working field under capitalism, women also need to bear the heavy burden of a caring for the family. In the past, no scholars analyzed and researched these unfair treatments. The second chapter informs us how women quit working because of family duty or pregnancy, either of which is considered a discrimination, how the economical opinion or social-cultural opinion looks at women labor, and what is the opinion of feminists opposing and criticize patriarchy and capitalism? The third chapter discusses the political transformation of Taiwan by the end of the eighties, which accelerated the social movement development, discussing what character, ways and tactics of the social movement, and the difference between women movement and social movement. In this chapter, we'll talk about the relationship of the social movement and women movement, and the appearance of the Equal Employment Bill in the women movement? What kind of relationship is there between the political and economic contexts, and social structure in Taiwan. The forth chapter talks about how the state and capitalists respond to the women group pushing the Bill? Even more, I will discuss how women group was able to complete the bill, what actions they used and how feminism was realized the law, promoting these to become part of the apparatus or the institution. In the end, this chapter will focus on the role-playing of the state in this Bill. In the process of pushing the Bill, according to Marxism: is state the spokesman of capital class, or are there other considerations in the policy? How come the attitude of the state from originally delaying the passing of the bill to actively offering relative solutions, even turning to aggressive attitude? The fifth chapter discusses how the Equal Employment Bill challenges the work of capitalism, and how its appearance balances capitalism's work over women labor to exploit or discriminate them too much? How does feminism, realized in the Bill, challenges capitalism and patriarchy? As what we have discussed in the fourth chapter, state and capitalists are very much related in the past, so the state constantly delays the examination of the Equal Employment Bill so as not to offend the capitalists. Through what do the capitalists frustrate the Bill directly or indirectly? What ways do they use to frustrate the completion of the Bill? And what ploy and tactics do women groups use to make our state facing up to the Bill and eventually pass the three-read. How did feminism challenge capitalism and patriarchy, thus improving or advancing the practice of law? Key Words : state apparatus、patriarchy、capitalism、women movement、feminism、Equal Employment Bill、Awakening Foundation

本研究從廣義的社區傳播觀點出發，探討傳統社會結構限制下的社區已婚女性，如何展現她們的能動性從家庭「走出來」，並且成為社區大學和在地社區產生連結的中介角色。在已婚女性的個人能動性方面，研究者發現根據女性所擁有的資源差異，會影響她們自我定位協商的方式。其中自主性內隱的女性，使用了「以退為進」的戰術，有意識或無意識地鬆動了傳統「賢妻良母」的自我定位。而在女性發揮能動性的過程裡，她們也展現出一種默會知識樣貌──同理心和禮物經濟。這些默會知識的運用，使她們得以在家庭和社大的場域，扮演橋樑般的角色，在情感層面上建立起對班級、社大與社區的集體認同，以及可被用於即時動員的人際網絡。而她們也會以自己的知識經驗為基礎，將社大的理念轉化為她們所認可的具體行動。 / The idea of "Community Communication" is not limited to the use of community media. In a broader perspective, interpersonal communication in everyday life should also be identified as a sphere of community communication. Therefore my research focused on the interpersonal communication of four married women who took courses in Chi-Mei Community University. From their cases, the agency of married women who lived under traditional social restraints was distinctively uncovered. As long as these female students found their own way out of domestic life, they voluntarily became mediators in community communication. They helped Chi-Mei staff not only in running courses more smoothly but also in building rapport with local inhabitants successfully. All these female students identified themselves with the roles of "wives and mothers." However, based on the different resources they acquired, they developed various tactics in the re-negotiation of self-identities during the post-parental period. In one case where the husband had more power over his wife, the wife swiftly came up with strategic approaches that instead helped her gain the advantages over her husband (sometimes even without his knowing it). With this kind of wit cultivated from daily communications, while studying in Chi-Mei Community University, these married women even foster certain tacit knowledge which can be defined as "empathy" and "gift economy". By making use of tacit knowledge, these women translated the concepts advocated by Chi-Mei staff into real actions. And they were able to mobilize their family members and friends in taking these actions as well. Yet they did not associate their voluntary contributions with the abstract concepts, but attributed the actions to their sense of belongings as a community with Chi-Mei and the people whom they admired. These female students actually underestimated their importance in community mobilization. In fact, after Typhoon Morakot seriously damaged southern Taiwan in August 2009, the community networks fostered by women’s interpersonal communication played crucial roles in delivering materials to those victims in need. This was a good example of how the loosely connected networks could be activated at some critical moment while community mobilization is urgently required.

心理驚悚小說體現了當代犯罪文學作品的多樣性。隨著時代的變遷，最受大眾喜愛的文學體裁也備受考驗。近來有一股潮流試圖重新定位犯罪小說，而S. J. 華森的小說《別相信任何人》正是最佳典範。此書之所以引起各界的熱烈討論與受到全世界廣泛讀者的喜愛即在於它將看似毫無交集的元素完美融合─懼怕、懸疑、愛情、兩性關係、記憶與真實、女性意識、身分認同及重建。傳統犯罪文學的敍事結構中總著墨於主角對清楚絕對答案的追尋；然而，在這個帶有家庭黑色小說(domestic noir)色彩的文本中，最終的真理卻是遙不可及。 書中的女主角克莉絲汀是名失憶患者，為了重新找回自己，她只能盡力從破碎的記憶中找尋蛛絲馬跡，拼湊被遺忘許久的自我。重新建構自我顯然並非易事，而個人記憶的真實性也有待商榷。事件發生與否和當事者是否能記得之間的落差所造成的空缺又該如何填滿？事實上，克莉絲汀渴望的絕非只是單單地活得如普通人般緬懷過去並展望未來，而是能重建一個充滿女性意識及自主的自我， 因此克莉絲汀也必須細心體會、感受並專注於眼前的生活及人事物。《別相信任何人》為犯罪文學帶來嶄新風貌，不僅成功突破以往的角色設定發展框架，劇情安排描述也導向了有關記憶真實性與身分重建的可能性探討，而對愛情的悸動、兩性婚姻關係的維繫、作為女人與母親身分的意識更是與克莉絲汀重建女性自我密切相關。 / The psychological thriller demonstrates how diversified contemporary crime writing can be like a chameleon. In the emergence of reconstituting the much-loved literary form, S. J. Watson’s Before I Go to Sleep infatuates the reader with its high concern for elements that unusually match: fear, identity, love, reality, relationship, memory, and female consciousness. The clear-cut answer featured by traditional crime fiction cannot be offered in this novel that blending literary thriller and domestic noir together when the female protagonist only possesses fragmentary memory. To regain her sense of self, Christine the main character has to recall her reminiscence, which sometimes can be imaginary. In fact, what she longs for is not simply rebuilding her identity as a normal person, but the identity that has a lot to do with female consciousness and autonomy, which requires her to live her present life as well. Rather than another psychological thriller that tells an old story depicting the quest for the truth, Before I Go to Sleep shifts the focus from the deeply-rooted tradition in crime fiction, exploring the question of (un)reliability and (un)reconstructability of memory as well as what love means in a relationship. Only when Christine can relive as a woman, a wife, and a mother to re-experience love can she reframe her female identity.

過往工作生活平衡措施皆著重在對於員工態度、行為或組織績效的影響，甚少從女性的管理階層層面探討，故本研究從董事長性別、工作生活平衡措施、工作生活平衡措施自由使用度三個面向予以探究對於女性高階經理人比例之影響，並以產業別、本國商/外商與公司成立時間作為控制變項，以組織為分析單位進行研究。 本研究針對不限產業的國內企業為抽樣對象，一家公司包含年資至少兩年的1位人資部門人員與3位不限部門的主管或員工協助填答問卷，共收集55家企業，有效問卷252份，並利用階層迴歸分析檢驗研究假說。研究結果歸納如下： 1.董事長性別與女性高階經理人比例呈正向關係。 2.工作生活平衡措施中，受撫養者的照顧服務措施與女性高階經理人比例呈正向關係。 3.工作生活平衡措施自由使用度中，受撫養者的照顧服務自由使用度與女性高階經理人比例呈正向關係。 / In the past, the study about work-life balance practices was focused on the influence on the employee attitudes, behavior or organizational performance, and it was rare to investigate from the perspective of the female management level. So this study is to investigate the effects of the gender of the chairman, work-life balance practices, and the freedom to use of work-life balance practices on the proportion of female senior mangers. The samples of this study are domestic companies from any industry, and each company included a two years of experience expert in human resource and three executives or employees from any department to answer the questionnaires.There are totally 55 companies with 252 valid questionnaires. And this study use hierarchical regression analysis to test the hypotheses. Following are the results of this study: 1. The gender of chairman has a positive correlation with the proportion of female senior managers. 2. In the work-life balance practices, dependent care service has a positive correlation with the proportion of female senior managers. 3. In the freedom to use of work-life balance practices, dependent care service has a positive correlation with the proportion of female senior managers.

科学研究費補助金 研究種目:基盤研究(C) 課題番号:15520038 研究代表者:神塚 淑子 研究期間:2003-2005年度

本研究旨在應用書目計量學方法分析1900年至2013年間，女性研究文獻之特性，藉以探討女性研究之發展情形。研究樣本取自WOS資料庫（包含三個子資料庫SSCI、SCIE和A&HCI），計16,852篇相關書目資料。期望本研究結果能提供女性研究學界與圖書館或資料單位參考，協助其做有效之館藏規劃及期刊資訊服務。 本研究結果歸納如下：(1) 女性研究文獻篇數與年代是成正比的狀況，較符合指數成長模式。進一步以指數迴歸預測成長篇數的話，顯示女性研究文獻有成長減緩的趨勢。(2)女性研究文獻之主要出版國為美國、英國、加拿大、荷蘭、德國等國。 (3)英文為女性研究文獻最重要之寫作語文。(4)女性研究文獻之出版類型以期刊文章為主，佔總文獻之62.86%。(5)女性研究廣泛應用於各學科，主題領域前五名分別為心理學相關、女性研究（狹義）、歷史、文學及教育與教育研究。 (6) 女性研究之文獻分布相當分散，但仍有其核心期刊。(7)本研究符合布萊德福定律，但不符合布萊德福-齊夫定律曲線。(8) 高生產力期刊與高被引期刊的主題明顯分散。 (10) 洛卡定律、普萊斯平方根定律、80/20 定律不適用於本研究。(11) 研究機構的生產力分散，大學校院為主要研究機構，機構下的系所分布以心理學系所最多。(12) 美國與英國為相關研究機構最多的國家，也是延攬他國學術成果的最多的國家。 本研究最後依據研究發現之結果，提出以下建議：(1)本研究之各項研究成果，可作為圖書資訊界館藏發展與管理之參考。(2)女性研究相關研究人員，應具備跨主題領域的合作研究能力且法文、德文、西班牙文等外語能力。(4)資料庫公司應提升書目資料精確性，以利研究。(5)定期對女性研究文獻進行分析，有助於女性研究相關研究人員瞭解該領域之研究發展。 / The purpose of the study is to understand the contents, relations, development, and trends between various disciplines of “women’s studies.” This study analyzes the characteristics of women’s studies literature during 1900-2013 by bibliometric approach, collecting analytical components such as the frequencies of the publication, publication languages, countries of publications, journal sources, cited times, disciplines of subject categories and document type from three major sub-databases of Web of Science services: SCIE, SSCI, and A&HCI. A total of 16,852 bibliographic records were retrieved from the databases. The results of the present study are as follows. (1) The growth pattern of women’s studies literature during 1900-2013 generally fits exponential growth, but the growth has been slowed down since 2011. (2) United States, United Kingdom, Canada, Netherlands and Germany are five major countries of women’s studies publications. (3) English is the most often used language. (4) Journal articles are the major type of women’s studies publications, accounting for 62.86% of total publications. (5) Women’s studies are scattered in multiple disciplines, with five subjects significantly contributing to the literature count: psychology and its related disciplines, women’s studies (in narrow definition), history, literature, and education and educational research. (6) Despite of the scattered distribution of women’s studies literature, core journals of women’s studies still can be identified. (7)The distribution of journal articles fits Bradford Law, but it does not fit the typical Bradford-Zipf’s S-shaped curve. (8) The journal subjects of highly productive journals and highly cited journals vary. (9) Author distribution is counted by single authorship and collaborative authorship; the results show that author distribution neither fits Lotka’s law, Square Root Law or 80/20 Rule. (10) Academic institutions are major producers of women’s studies, with departments in universities and colleges concerning psychology and its related disciplines being the main contributors to the publications. (11) Most productive research institutions are distributed over United States, United Kingdom, Canada, Australia and Turkey. The findings of the study may provide better understanding of the past, current and future of women’s studies, and serve as references to identify more suitable, popular and influential journals and literature for both research purposes and library collection development and management.

科学研究費補助金 研究種目:基盤研究(C)(2) 課題番号:10610535 研究代表者:吉武 純夫 研究期間:1998-2001年度

本研究旨在探討年輕女性工作者的生涯阻隔、生涯動機和因應策略之關係。以台北地區25至34歲的年輕女性工作者為研究對象，以立意方式取樣，正式施測後共得326份有效問卷，使用的研究工具為「生涯阻隔因素量表」、「生涯動機量表」和「因應策略量表」，所得資料以描述統計、獨立樣本t考驗、單因子變異數分析、二因子多變量變異數分析及典型相關分析等統計方法進行處理。 本研究的主要發現為：第一，年輕女性工作者的生涯阻隔偏低，生涯動機偏高，較常採取問題解決和邏輯思考的因應策略，而較少採情緒逃離策略。第二，不同年齡、職業類型、總工作年資和婚姻狀況等背景變項的年輕女性工作者，在生涯阻隔、生涯動機與因應策略上達顯著差異，其中尤以職業類型最為顯著。第三，生涯阻隔高的年輕女性工作者較會採取情緒逃離策略，生涯動機高的年輕女性工作者則較會採取各種因應策略，而不同的生涯阻隔和生涯動機在情緒逃離策略上有交互作用效果。第四，生涯復原力和生涯洞察力愈高的年輕女性工作者，愈會採取正向因應策略，其中尤以企業型年輕女性工作者更為明顯；而事務型的年輕女性工作者總工作年資愈長，即使個人條件的阻隔較高，若擁有較大的外在支持，也較會採取正向因應策略。 最後，根據研究發現提出對年輕女性工作者、女性生涯諮商工作，以及未來相關研究之建議。 / The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships among career barriers, career motivation and coping strategies of young female employees. By using the purposes sampling, there are 326 young female employees from 25 to 34 years old sampled in Taipei. The measure instruments include Career Barriers Inventory, Career Motivation Inventory and Coping Strategies Inventory. Data obtained were analyzed by descriptive statistics, t-test, one-way ANOVA, two-way MANOVA and canonical correlation. The major findings are as follows：first, young female employees had low career barriers and high career motivation, and they were more likely to use problem-solving and logic-thinking coping strategies. Second, young female employees with different age, total working years, occupational type and marriage situation were different in career barriers, career motivation and coping strategies, especially the occupational type. Third, young female employees with high career barriers were more likely to use emotion-escape coping strategies, and young female employees with high career motivation were more likely to use all kinds of coping strategies. There were interaction effect on emotion-escape coping strategies with different career barriers and career motivation. Fourth, young female employees with high career resilience and career insight were more likely to use positive coping strategies, especially enterprising young female employees. Conventional young female employees with long total working years, high barriers on individual conditions and good external support, they were more likely to use positive coping strategies. According to the findings, implications and suggestions for young female employees, career counseling for women and future researches were provided.

本論文探討英國劇作家凱洛•邱琪兒之《九重天》以及《頂尖女孩》兩劇中深具顛覆性的時空手法。本論文由五章組成。第一章回顧多年來相關的眾多評論角度。第二章援引巴赫汀(Mikhail Bakhtin)的時空型(chronotope)概念探討兩戲中時空融匯的現象，尤其是劇中人物心理、身體狀態，戲劇時空，以及外在社會文化時空背景，三者之間緊密的互動。兩齣戲各別有著兩個不同的時空型：《九重天》第一幕代表的是性別角色僵化的時空型，第二幕則代表了1979年當時社會上傳統性別角色開放且迅速轉變的狀態；《頂尖女孩》則透過一對姐妹Marlene與Joyce對映出當時兩種不同的女性生活，一個是典型八零年代柴契爾主義的事業女強人，一個則是在此種政經趨勢下卻相對更加弱勢的傳統女性。 第三章則探討兩劇第一幕呈現長久以來隱藏空間當中的性別歧視。透過女性地理學者(feminist geographical theorist)之觀點，筆者分析兩戲當中兩性間不同的空間體驗(spatial experience)，以及公/私領域之分界(private-public distinction)所暗藏性別歧視的空間隱喻(spatial metaphor)。當男性與冒險及旅行等等充滿能動性(mobility)的字眼連結，女性卻總是被動地與家庭空間緊緊連繫。邱琪兒在此揭露空間亦為不公平的性別政治當中之一環。 第四章則著重於分析《九重天》第二幕當中的公園場景，以及《頂尖女孩》第二、三幕的辦公室與廚房場景。首先援引傅柯(Michel Foucault)的異質空間(heterotopia)概念來討論各場景間複雜的鏡像與補償關係。透過空間理論學者昂希．列菲弗爾(Henri Lefebvre)以及抵抗地景(geographies of resistance)的空間生產理論分析邱琪兒如何透過呈現特定社會族群佔領特定空間的手法，企圖激進地改變現實當中此類空間的社會意義。 雖然距兩齣劇作首演的年代已有二十多年，但其中所探討之議題依然常見於現今二十一世紀的社會當中。邱琪兒預見了現今複雜的家庭狀態以及大鳴大放的同性戀運動。即使越來越多女性在政治界或是企業界嶄露頭角，世界上多數的女性依然掙扎於找尋工作與家庭之間的平衡點。 / This thesis is to examine Caryl Churchill’s subversive temporal and spatial devices on stage in Cloud Nine and Top Girls. The chronotopes of the two plays articulate how people’s states of beings interact with the external social and cultural conditions, especially during the 1980s in London. Both plays crystallize the space politics full of gender discriminations in the patriarchal society. In addition, Churchill’s dramatic devices are the subversive spatial practice that transforms the gendered spaces into the sites of resistance in order to manifest her protest and seeks more possibilities for the gender roles in the future. There are five chapters in this thesis. Chapter One is an introduction, including the overview of two plays and the review of numerous analyses in the past two and half decades. In Chapter Two, Churchill’s theatrical temporal and spatial devices, including setting, synchronism, and anachronism in Cloud Nine and Top Girls construct chronotopes that lay bare the special social and cultural condition in a certain historical moment. Those chronotopes demonstrate how Churchill unifies people’s internal states of being and the external political structures together. Moreover, by presenting the chronotopes, Churchill criticizes the slowness of the progress in gender politics and the possible backlash about women’s right in the 1980s. In Chapter Three, I analyze how the spatiality of patriarchy constructed by the private-public dichotomy in both Act Ones of Cloud Nine and Top Girls. The spatial experiences between men and women depicted in Act One of Cloud Nine illustrate the stereotypical masculinity and femininity in the Victorian age. The spatial metaphors about movement in Act One of Top Girls expose the strict boundary between the private and the public spaces, and foreshadow the importance of mobility as being a possible strategy to transgress the boundaries. Finally, Chapter Four is the analysis about how Churchill subversively and politically explores the possibility of creating new social spaces in the park space of Cloud Nine and the office space of Top Girls. Her theatrical strategies are potential spatial practices that create the rupture to transgress the unfair restrictions and discriminations in the patriarchal and heterosexual society. The final chapter concludes that Churchill’s dramatic devices about time and space are the subversive strategies to conduct her observations and criticisms about the unfairness in society.