1953年中華全國工商業聯合會（工商聯）在中國共產黨授意之下成立，作為中華人民共和國政治協商會議組成的單位，工商聯取代明、清以來的「商會」，成為私營企業主影響政治的主要的政治渠道，更是私營企業主與黨國之間互動關係的「橋樑與紐帶」。隨著中國「非公有制經濟」地位的合法化，工商聯吸引了最有影響力的私營企業主，囊括了最廣闊的社會組織，並透過工商聯系統所建立起網絡關係，發展為國內外商會往來之間最主要的管道。權威性的政經地位與廣大的影響力，促使工商聯佔據地方政經網絡的樞紐位置，成為地方網絡「結構洞」中的橋樑。 　　本論文企圖解釋中國社會組織與私營經濟發展間的邏輯關係，以及社會資本（social capital）對於私營企業主企業經營的重要性。後社會主義時期，中國從再分配（redistribution）經濟往市場經濟轉型的過程中，社會資本作為計畫經濟官僚幹部資源分配的主要依據，將持續發揮作用，成為私營企業經營成功的關鍵所在，而隨著私營經濟逐漸形成的社團與中介組織，就成為企業主建構社會網絡累積社會資本最主要的場域。因此，本論文以私營企業主做為觀察的主要對象，分析私營企業主參與社會組織的動力問題，並以最具有政治、經濟與民間代表性的「中華全國工商業聯合會」，作為實際觀察的社會組織。 / Guanxi capital under socialism has been the critical determining criteria of resource redistribution in China, but how it evolves in the postsocialist era has not been well understood. This paper intends to examine the impact of guanxi capital on success achievements of private enterprises. The author shows that the market reform has not made the significance of guanxi capital decline but institutionalized “guanxi” in business associations. Examining the most important private business association, All-China Federation of Industry and Commerce (ACFIC) in China, the purpose of this paper is to explore the incentive structure of private entrepreneurs' participation in business associations. I argue that the ACFIC has become the efficient and effective bridge in private entrepreneurs' structural holes so private entrepreneurs with ACFIC membership can maximize their opportunities by the information and control benefits. Besides, ACFIC is one of the “basic components” of Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference. The endorsement of CCP leads ACFIC to the top in China's administrative hierarchy of private business associations. The representative position provides private entrepreneurs institutional route to negotiate the party state, local government and local cadres for their businesses. Based on the field study in Wenzhou, Zhejiang and Honghe, Yunnan, the business network surrounding ACFIC and private entrepreneurs' strategies of accumulating social capital in ACFIC will be analyzed.