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《搜神記》的民間故事類型研究--以「地陷為湖」及「羽衣仙女」型故事的演變為主之考察陳佩玫 Unknown Date (has links)
《搜神記》是魏晉南北朝時一本很有名的志怪小說,不僅在志怪小說史上佔有不可輕忽的地位,就是在中國民間故事史上也佔有非常重要的位置。《搜神記》共有四百六十四則,內容包羅萬象,題材廣泛,其中也保存了不少神話、民間傳說和故事。
本研究試圖探析《搜神記》中的民間故事的類型及其演變,但範圍實在太大了,只挑了「地陷為湖」及「羽衣仙女」型故事的演變作為考察的對象。
本論文共分為五章:第一章緒論,說明研究動機及目的、文獻檢討、研究方法及範圍,並對民間故事的分類作探討。
第二章為《搜神記》的民間故事類型探析,《搜神記》一書中的民間故事類型與艾伯華的《中國民間故事類型》及丁乃通的《中國民間故事類型索引》相對照,並參考金榮華等多位學者的意見,共可歸納出:神話故事、幻想故事、神仙故事、傳奇故事、笨魔的故事、動物故事。各大類的故事之下,又可細分為數種不同的民間故事類型。
第三章為「地陷為湖」之考察,偉人產生神話階段,「伊尹生空桑」是強調伊尹的不凡出生;地方傳說階段,說明當地的湖泊是如何產生,可分為預言應驗型、靈蛇復仇型、靈蛇復仇型;到了民間故事階段,注重「故事的本身」的豐富,但也在說明一地湖泊的形成原因;民國以後蒐錄之人類毀滅及再造神話階段,融合了陸沉與兄妹婚兩個原本各自獨立的神話母題,成為「洪水後兄妹結婚再造人類」神話。最後則是將所蒐集的故事比較其演變,探討其現象,並歸納出「地陷為湖」的主題內涵有變化、禁忌、神諭、徵兆、報恩、復仇。
第四章為「羽衣仙女」之考察,最早可推至鳥崇拜時期,然後是人鳥結合的時期。人鳥結合的充實期,最主要有:一、原型,《搜神記》和《玄中記》中的「毛衣女」故事是最早的;二、始祖母型,其特點是以天鵝仙女為某一民族的始祖。故事增益期,又可分為鳥子尋母型、丈夫尋妻型、孔雀公主型,其著重點各不相同。最後是故事演變之比較,並歸納出「羽衣仙女」型故事的主題內涵有變化、禁忌、水意象及沐浴、難題考驗或難題求婚、報恩。
第五章是結論,歸納本論文的研究成果,另外提出本論文有待發揮之處是在傳說類型的探討。
附錄部分是《搜神記》中的情節單元,由《六朝志怪小說情節單元分類索引(甲編)》一書中摘錄出《搜神記》的情節單元並與條目相對照,可較全面的窺視六朝時代當時民間的各種想像,以及由想像反映出來的習俗和信仰。
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臺灣民間故事<白賊七的趣話>及其相關問題研究彭衍綸 Unknown Date (has links)
在臺灣地區,白賊七的故事家喻戶曉,「白賊七」一詞甚至成為說謊者的代稱。而在眾多相關白賊七的故事中,收錄於《國立北京大學中國民俗學會民俗叢書》第十一冊《臺灣民間故事》第二集中,由林瑞芳先生所記述的〈白賊七的趣話〉,無非是其中最其代表性者,本論文即是以此則故事為論述中心,並旁及探究相關問題的作品。
就論文架構來說:首先,除了在〈緒論〉中說明研究動機、文獻檢討與研究主旨外,亦將以部分篇幅闡述臺灣民間故事的發展概況:其次,以〈白賊七的趣話〉為中心,一方面向上追溯白賊七故事的來歷,另一方面則對白賊七故事在臺灣地區的演變進行論述;接著,即以〈白賊七的趣話〉為主題,探討與故事本身有關的問題,包括淺析〈白賊七的趣話〉內容和故事人物心理,以及闡發影響故事情節描寫的因素;此外,再旁及探究部分與〈白賊七的趣話〉相關的問題,此方面則有尋究中國境內興〈白賊七的趣話〉情節描寫相類的民間故事,和探討具有「白賊七形象」的中國民間故事人物;最後,總結全文並說明未來綴縮研究的課題。
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俄中文化中不潔之力之對比研究(以俄國童話為例)陳俐慈, Chen, Li Tzu Unknown Date (has links)
民間文化中鬼神信仰佔了很重要的部份,影響人的層面很廣泛,由於受到不同文化因素的影響,不同民族對於鬼怪的認知,便產生了差異性。本論文主要研究俄羅斯文化中不潔之力此概念的產生,及其定義與正統東正教的關連,並由人對不潔之力的態度,來探討俄羅斯雙重信仰現象,再將其延伸至俄羅斯童話故事,介紹故事中的不潔之力,最後再與中國民間文化中的鬼怪作對比。
本論文以俄中兩國不同的社會文化背景,分析兩國在關於鬼神崇拜的風俗民情上的差異,作對比研究,並將一些民間信仰的精靈作中文及俄文翻譯,希望藉由這個研究,認識中俄文化中一些不同與相同的現象的原因與背景,瞭解其中所涵蓋的文化意義,並使中俄兩國人在交際時,更清楚對方國家的習俗,避免誤解或誤用的情況發生。
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中國民間人變異類故事研究林雪玲 Unknown Date (has links)
民間故事凝聚了民眾的情感與風俗,「變形」母題在民間故事中具有特別的文化意涵。筆者搜集318則中國各地的「人變異類」故事,依照情節特色將故事分類敘述:在神話裡的「變形」展現先民對抗大自然的奮鬥過程;人物傳說中的「變形」刻劃了英雄「犧牲小我,完成大我」的偉大情操;風物傳說中的「變形」帶有惜福愛物之心;神奇故事中的寶物與法術都能引發「變形」;生活故事中的「變形」凸顯小人物的苦難與愛情的堅貞不渝;寓言中的「變形」則大多是懲罰。
在「人變異類」故事的敘事分析方面,故事中最常提到拯救社會的大英雄,以及飽受欺負的悲苦人物,人物的名字與變形物往往有相對應的連結,故事的情節模式大致分為「不凡的命運」→「現實的考驗」→「超現實的結局」。而變形的原因歸類為「遭遇危險」、「期望未成」、「懲罰性變形」。變形的類型分為「直接的變化」,變化時間短則一瞬間,長則數年之久;「有憑藉物的變化」,例如運用寶物、衣服進行變形;而「連續變形」則以蛇郎君故事為代表。變形的環境以「懸崖」、「烈火」、「水域」、「雷電風雨」、「墳墓(土)」有較多的描述,壁畫與懸棺的文化顯示懸崖是一個特殊的神祕空間,烈火、水域、土皆被視為「再生」,雷電則具有懲罰的能力。
變形物在「人變異類」故事中有特別的文化意涵,魚、蝴蝶、「龍鳳匹配」皆隱喻愛情,樹、花、彩虹都有美好的象徵,石頭代表生殖與誓言,鳥類的叫聲表達主人翁的心境,杜鵑鳥有其特殊的悲苦意涵。各地不同的地形風貌、風俗習慣影響著變形物的流傳與寓意,例如藥材由來的故事與望夫石傳說,大多屬於解釋性傳說,苗族的樹崇拜、滿族的鳥崇拜影響故事中變形物的選擇。「人變異類」故事表現人類對於生命意義的追求,表達了人民對自然、社會抗爭的不屈精神,以及對人、事、物的感恩,而道教與佛教的觀念間接影響著民間故事的變形觀。「人變異類」故事中,無論是角色的對比、環境的渲染、情節的推演、變形物的象徵,皆烘托出「變形」情節在「人變異類」故事中的「不可變動性」。以人為主體的描述方式,透過超現實的「變形」情節,表達人類堅強的意志力、決心與純潔的真善美價值。 / Folk tales combine the customs of the people's emotional, "deformation" Motif in the folk tale has a special cultural meaning. The author collected 318 Chinese around the "human variation" stories, classified according to the story plot . In the natural mythology "deformation" to show the process of our ancestors struggle against nature; figure of the legendary "deformed" scored a hero "sacrificing for the greater good" of the great sentiment; In helenahat legendary,"deformed" has cherish love for things ; in amazing story, treasure and magic can lead to "distortion"; life story of "deformation" highlights the suffering of ordinary people and the steadfast love; fabled 's "deformation" is mostly punishment .
In the "human variation" story of narrative analysis, the most frequently mentioned in the story are a great hero that save society, as well as the misery suffered bullying characters, figure names and deformation often have a corresponding links, the plot can be divided into" extraordinary destiny "→" reality test "→" surreal ending. "The cause of the deformation can be classified as "defuse the crisis", "psychological expectations," "punitive deformation", "magic." Deformation mode is divided into "direct natural variation," changes in a short time,or as long as several years; " deformation by something" such as the use of treasures, clothes for deformation; while "continuous deformation" places snakeman story as a representative. Deformation of the environment as "cliff", "fire", "water", "lightning and storm", "tomb (soil)" have more description, cliff Contains natural worship and witchcraft culture, fire, water and earth are all considered "reborn," lightning then have the ability to punish.
"Human variation " story perform the pursuit of human meaning of life, express the indomitable spirit to natural and social protest, as well as gratitude for averthing, and the Taoist and Buddhist concepts indirectly influencing the deformation of folk tales. Deformation in "human variation" story has a special cultural meaning, fish, butterflies," dragon and phoenix match "are metaphors of love, trees, flowers, rainbow has a beautiful symbol. Stone represents reproductive and vows, birds cry expression masters of mind, the cuckoo has its special misery meaning.Style and customs over different terrain, affecting the meaning of dformation, for example, the story of herbs origin and Amah Rock legends mostly explanatory legends, Hmong tree worship, the birds worship influence selection of deformation in the story. In the story of human’s variation, whether it is the role of contrast, the rendering of the environment, the deduction of the episode, a symbol of deformed material, all express a "deformation" episode "non-volatility" in the story of human’s variation story. Description of the human subject, through the surreal "deformation" episode, expressed strong willpower, determination and pure value of the good and the beautiful.
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習俗傳說融入跨文化華語教學之課程設計與實踐 / An instructional design and implementation of customary legends in intercultural Chinese teaching林以涵, Lin, Yi Han Unknown Date (has links)
語言與文化脣齒相依,在語言學習與教學的層面上,文化的概念具有相當程度的重要性,特別是屬於高語境的華語,擁有豐富的文化意涵。華人社會中的民間風俗緊貼日常,是理解生活文化的重要線索。華語學習者能透過習俗傳說的故事性,理解隱含的華人文化背景,避免文化誤解,達到尊重他人,進而培養跨文化的能力。
民間故事的教學多置放於中文母語學習者的教育歷程,而在華語文教學的領域,仍以華裔或中高級以上程度學習者為大宗。故本研究以民間文學中的習俗傳說為範圍,中級華語學習者為對象,使用內容分析法找出合適的文化教學主題,文本分析法探析教材與跨文化教學點,並援引前人歸納之文化教材編寫與教學設計理論,做出教學設計,另以調查研究法中的研究工具作為輔助,透過行動研究法檢視華語文教學的實踐。
本研究目的有二,一為發展習俗傳說與跨文化概念應用於成人華語課程之教學設計;二為探討習俗傳說與跨文化概念於成人華語課程之實施成效。本文融合ADDIE教學模式之五大步驟,包含分析、設計、發展、實施、評鑑,以及Moran之體驗式學習循環,包括理解內容、理解方法、理解原因、理解自我,作為本研究課程設計模式。並以影音、問卷、訪談等資料等研究工具,作為評估實施成果與修正依據。
本文研究結果如下:第一,於教學設計方面,本研究採用兩項教學模式之融合,為ADDIE教學模式及Moran之體驗式學習循環,有助於文化教學更加完整,達到跨文化的範疇,另外,於教材設計中,需針對學習者程度考量詞彙難易度,並注意應符合教學宗旨與課堂設計;第二,於實施成效方面,以習俗傳說為素材之華語教學課程,能夠增進學習者的語言技能,提供文化學習與體驗的機會,達到跨文化的目的。 / Language and culture are inextricably linked. Cultural concepts are considerably important for language learning and teaching, particularly for Chinese, a highly contextualized language with rich cultural implications. Folk customs in Chinese society are closely related to everyday life and can serve as important clues for understanding the living culture. Stories involving customs and legends can help learners of Chinese understand Chinese cultural implications, avoid cultural misunderstandings, achieve respect for others, and develop interculturel competence.
The teaching of folktales is usually used in the education of native Chinese speakers. In the field of teaching Chinese as a second language, it is generally restricted to heritage learners or learners at or above the high intermediate level. This study focuses on customary legends in folk literature with intermediate learners as the target group. Content analysis is used to determine appropriate topics for cultural teaching and text analysis to analyze teaching materials and intercultural teaching points. Established theories of cultural materials compilation and instructional design were referenced to inform our own instructional design. In addition, I adopted action research design and developed a survey instrument to use as an aid in examining the practice of Chinese language teaching.
The study has two objectives: first, to develop an instructional design for the teaching of customary legends, and intercultural concepts in adult Chinese language courses; and second, to investigate the effectiveness of utilizing customary legends, and intercultural concepts in adult Chinese language courses. ADDIE model (analysis, design, development, implementation and evaluation) and Moran’s experiential learning cycle (knowing about, knowing how, knowing why, and knowing oneself) were used as models for course design. In addition, videos, questionnaires, and interviews were used to evaluate the implementation outcomes, and served as a basis for revision.
The results were as follows: First, the two teaching models that were incorporated into the instructional design for this study, the ADDIE Model and Moran’s experiential learning cycle, contributed to the comprehensiveness of cultural teaching and the achievement of an intercultural scope. However, during materials development, it was important to ensure that the degree of difficulty of the vocabulary matched learner levels, and that the vocabulary aligned with the teaching objectives and course design. Second, in respect to the effectiveness of implementation, I concluded that a Chinese language teaching course utilizing customary legends as teaching materials can enhance learner language skills, provide cultural learning and experiential opportunities, and achieve intercultural goals.
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