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論我國公司股東信息權的行使與保護 : 以股東知情權為中心 / On exercise and protection of information right for the shareholders in Chinese Mainland centering on shareholders' right to know陳鄰伊 January 2011 (has links)
University of Macau / Faculty of Law
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論澳門預防及遏止私營部門賄賂法及其完善 / Law on prevention and repression of corruption in private sector of Macau and its improvements梁國豪 January 2011 (has links)
University of Macau / Faculty of Law
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第三部門視域下中國行業協會與政府互動關係及角色研究 : 兼以雲南省律師協會為例 / 兼以雲南省律師協會為例范琳琳 January 2010 (has links)
University of Macau / Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities / Department of Government and Public Administration
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論醫療事故的法律性質 : 合同及非合同責任 / 合同及非合同責任徐秀玲 January 2012 (has links)
University of Macau / Faculty of Law
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人民幣國際化背景下的兩岸資本跨境流通 / The Flow of Fund between Mainland China and Taiwan under the Background of Internationalization of RMB徐航, Xu, Hang Unknown Date (has links)
兩岸經貿在政治的隔閡與反復中,從小到大,從封閉到逐漸開放。在這個過程中,兩岸資金融通的不斷擴大成為這場華麗經濟表演的背景。但隨著人民幣在國際舞台角色變化,兩岸貨幣流通從背景中走出,金融合作發展甚至可能成為兩岸經濟未來的最重要之組成。
從法律角度審視兩岸跨境資金流通,繁瑣的管制措施與複雜的法律體系正在逐漸消減。從直接投資角度而言,對外中國大陸不斷推動外商投資企業法規的改制以吸引外商投資;對內則努力減少中國企業融資阻礙,以推動中國大陸企業走出去。而台灣雖然對於陸資仍然保持著較大的戒心,亦逐步放開對大陸投資管制,並開放陸資來台來台促進經濟發展。從間接投資角度而言,中國大陸逐步放開資本項下的管制, QDII、QFII等投資管道不斷推陳出新,更加開放的未來成為可能。
而在這場以人民幣國際化為目的的改革中,自貿區扮演了急先鋒的角色。自貿區階段式的政策開放有著中國大陸改革和法律變遷的典型特征,「試點—推廣」模式使自貿區走在了人民幣國際化的最前沿。而台灣的自由經濟示範區卻步入了困境。
自貿區的現在很大可能將會是中國大陸的未來,人民幣國際化成為一個大概率事件。面對這種未來,台灣可以如何應對?從法律角度而言,本文提出以下四個建議:1.推動兩岸貿易以本幣結算,深化兩岸經貿往來;2.建立雙邊貨幣交換機制,共同推動人民幣區域化及國際化;3.推動兩岸資本市場的交流與合作,建構台灣為人民幣離岸中心;4.推動兩岸金融監理合作、建置兩岸金融防火牆。 / The economic and trade have developed since 1980s though faced with the political barriers. The two sides is expected to work together in peace in the future.
From the perspective of cross-border capital flow, the two sides set up a complicated and complex control measures, forming a complex legal system. From the view of direct investment, China is currently promoting the restructuring of foreign investment enterprises and regulations to attract foreign investment. Reducing the financing pressure of Chinese enterprises and promoting the Chinese mainland enterprises to go out become one of the focus of the mainland policy. However, Taiwan resist the Chinese capital. From the perspective of indirect investment, China's mainland is currently expanding various investment pipelines, such as QDII, QFII, etc.. In the future, capital of cross-border capital flows will be more convenient. Taiwan also has more space to intervene.
The establishment of free trade zone has become the pioneer of China's financial reform, and its development has been the most advanced in the financial reform, capital projects and the internationalization of RMB. Negative list and a series of financial reform measures will gradually move to the country. Taiwan's free economic demonstration zone has entered a difficult situation.
Facing such a future, from a legal point of view, this paper puts forward the following five suggestions: 1. Promote cross-strait trade in local currency settlement, deepen economic and trade exchanges between the two sides; 2. The establishment of bilateral currency exchange mechanism, and jointly promote the RMB regionalization and internationalization; 3. To promote exchanges and cooperation on both sides of the capital market, build Taiwan as an offshore RMB Centre; 4. To promote cross-strait financial supervisory cooperation, build cross-strait financial firewall.
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臺灣總督府海運政策之研究(1895-1945) / The Research of the Marine Transportation Policy of Taiwan Governor General's Office(1895-1945)游智勝 Unknown Date (has links)
本論文將日治時期臺灣總督府海運政策分為制度面與執行面為兩個主軸,並將制度面分為港灣及海事管理法規之制定、行政組織機構之沿革(包括築港、港灣管理、以及海事管理等部門,但不包含海軍)兩章,執行面分為築港事業、以及航線規劃兩章。如此劃分的理由在於:法規制定與行政組織規劃,乃是總督府對於海運事務最基本的管理手段,而港灣建設及航線規劃,則是與海運最密切相關,應能反映出臺灣總督府對於臺灣海運政策規劃的基本態度為何。並據此究明臺灣總督府在日治50年當中,對於海運政策規劃、執行、以及其所產生的影響,除了探究背景因素及檢討實施成果以外,同時探討日治時期臺灣海運的近代化成果如何,並從臺灣總督府在南進政策當中地位的轉變,析論臺灣在日本帝國海上經略的位置及其意義。
臺灣總督府在日治50年期間,不論在制度面(行政組織與法規)或者執行面(港灣修築與航線規劃)上,均相當程度的引入了日本在海運近代化發展的既有經驗,因此在法規上以近代法的觀念建立海事相關法規,並據此進行管理;在行政組織上則是建立海事專門管理機關(包括海事、港灣、稅關等),並引入專業人員執行相關業務;在港灣修築上,至今仍是臺灣重要商、漁港的基隆、高雄、花蓮、及蘇澳等港,其基礎即是在日治時期所規劃建設的;在航線規劃上,除了使用較高速度與載運量的鋼製汽船以外,更使得臺灣得以藉由航線的規劃與華南、東南亞,甚至歐美、澳洲等地連接並建立經貿關係。凡此種種都是有別於清帝國的前近代統治,由經歷近代化洗禮的新興殖民帝國日本帶給殖民地臺灣的近代化成果。
然而,就本論文的研究可知,臺灣總督府海事政策規劃在制度面所產生的包括體制僵化、法令體系紊亂、組織龐雜、專業度低、效率不彰等問題基本上對於整體海運制度來說都是相當根本的問題,然而總督府所採取的態度則是持續擱置,直到戰爭時期方才有相對應的改革。執行面上則經常受到中央政府以及國內外政經情勢的限制,而有港灣工程遠落後實際需求以及航線營運狀況不如預期的問題。港灣建設除了漁港及避難港的建設無法回應實際需求以外,商港部分也有高雄港相關設備不足的問題。因此,臺灣總督府海運政策的規劃與執行,相較前近代管理式的清帝國,不論在制度還是執行面上都有相當的「進步」與「發展」,但如檢視其推展過程與方式,可以發現重點是在於連結臺灣與殖民母國與其他殖民地,以及提供殖民母國必須的物資與市場兩個部分。就殖民帝國對於殖民地的雙重性格,也就是一方面為近代化的建設者,一方面則為被殖民地物資的掠奪者來看,日治時期臺灣海運的發展,毋寧是被殖民者犧牲以及被掠奪的比例遠多過於從中獲得近代化利益。
再從臺灣總督府在南進政策上的角色來看,以1930年代為界,在此之前可謂主動執行的角色,之後則逐漸轉變為協助的角色。特別是1937年中日戰爭爆發之後,日本中央基於戰爭需求將臺灣納入海運統制的範圍,此時臺灣總督府執行南進政策的「權力」,也不被中央相關單位所承認,僅被賦予協助的角色,提供相關行政、技術等經驗、人員、資材等支援。從南進政策的推展可以看出,日本中央對於臺灣海運採取長期放任、因陋就簡的經營模式,直到有戰爭需求時再施以直接統制的態度,除了部分反映臺灣殖民地的位階以外,也可說臺灣海運對於日本的海上經略而言,實處於邊緣的地位。
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借殼上市櫃監理規範之研究 / Reverse Takeover Regulating高于婷 Unknown Date (has links)
證券交易所與證券櫃檯買賣中心於2013年12月增訂借殼上市櫃監理新規範,借殼上市櫃監理規範之探討,須從借殼上市櫃者之動機、借殼上市櫃者之方法著手,同時對於一般上市櫃之標準及流程應有所了解,俾以比較其與借殼上市櫃監理規範之差別,以分析借殼上市對於借殼公司及被借殼公司之經營者、小股東有何利弊,並參酌外國之借殼上市監理規範,以歸納分析借殼上市櫃監理之法規範核心,從而檢驗外國及我國之借殼上市櫃監理規範是否充分達致法規範核心目的,作為提出我國借殼上市櫃監理規範之建議。
本文第二章先介紹借殼上市之定義,透過借殼者、被借殼之動機分析,始能清楚呈現借殼上市現象產生的原因;第三章簡介借殼上市各種案例類型,從這些案例中,使吾人更能全面而宏觀地了解借殼上市之可能發展,以期為後續法規範修定之妥適性提供依據;第四章將借殼上市對於各個關係人之利弊做一詳盡之分析,探討借殼上市監理規範的法規範核心為何;第五章分別介紹並且評析美國、英國、中國大陸、香港、新加坡之借殼上市監理規範,觀察各國對於借殼上市之監理方式之方法以及寬鬆程度,作為我國現行監理規範之參考;第六章介紹我國借殼上市櫃監理規範並分析之,再透過與其他各國之規範之比較,檢討我國現行規範是否有需要調整之處,作為將來修法之參考。
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生技製藥產業之技術商品化研究--由法規政策面分析 / A study on the commercialization of the intellectual property of biotechnology and pharmaceutical industry--Regulatory perspective洪子秋, Hung,Tze Chiu Unknown Date (has links)
近年來在相關產業與政府的努力及人才培育之下,我國許多生技研究已有初步的規模且可說是居於亞洲領先地位。然而,這些技術在商品化應用的階段卻一直沒有重大突破與發展,難以將研發成果的實質效益挹注到產業中。研發成果商品化的過程中,必須兼備技術面、法律面、財務面、管理面的考量,面面俱到才能將初萌的技術逐步發展為成熟的商品,進而在市場上獲取實質利潤,再將獲得的資源挹注於研發活動,形成良性循環。
研發成果商品化的策略視產業特性而截然不同,在「生技醫療產業」中,因其具有「受衛生主管機關高度管制」、「商業化認證需時」、「行銷國際化」的特性,在法規面的複雜度較高,且為專案成功與否的關鍵因素之一,進行商品化評估時必須熟悉相關醫藥法規,才能著手為專案發展做正確的規畫 ,極度仰賴「跨領域」、「高度技術」與「熟稔特殊商業技巧」的人才。依各國藥物法規的不同,商品化的開發時程也受此影響,生技製藥產業之技術及研發成果必須將為達到法規規範的要求而必須投入的時間、資金、人力等各項資源納入總體可行性評估之考量依據。。因法規具有地域性,本研究無法齊備全球各國,將以美國及台灣為研究主體,台灣的法規深受世界公認醫藥法規先進的美國影響,熟知美國的法規可以預估台灣法規機構的思路;且美國藥品市場佔全世界最大規模,此外,美國也極有可能成為潛在合作廠商之所在地,因此本研究將比較美國與台灣之醫藥法規,並評估在技術研發的過程中,衛生主管機關之要求對於技術商品化過程中所產生的影響。
明確、具科學性、可預期性的法規環境能降低製藥產業於研發過程中的不確定性,提高廠商投入的意願。衛生醫療政策及藥政管理政策直接影響到醫藥法規的訂立,政府制定的法規將引導產業發展的方向,對於藥品市場有極重要的影響。一個好的政策應該能夠與國家的總體背景相匹配,法規要求應與國家發展程度及國家內需市場成比例。台灣生技製藥產業目前的困境之一,就是國內廠商在開發新藥時,為了符合台灣衛生主管機關訂定的高標準法規必須投入更多的成本,但台灣卻沒有足夠的內需市場得以支撐,造成擁有豐厚資源的國外廠商可以將符合世界(十大先進國)高標準的藥品進入台灣市場,但國內廠商卻無法立足。為解決此困境,台灣廠商一定要設法將業務範圍擴大到外需市場,以獲取足以支持藥物發展所需的資金成本。因此,了解國內、外之藥物相關法規,做出能符合各國法規要求的產品,為踏出國際外銷市場的第一步;此外,各國的智財法以及與商業相關的法律,還有其之間的互相關聯,都是技術商品化是否能夠成功至為重要的關鍵因素。本文擬就藥物法規面為討論之主軸,其間輔以智財、商業相關構面,對生技製藥產業之技術商品化之過程做一探討。在本研究所選的個案—核子醫學藥物,是眾多創新產品的一種,如果能把握技術、智財、法規、法律、國際商業運作,很有可能為台灣的藥業打開另一片天。 / In recent years, we have already developed some achievements in biotech researches in Taiwan and are in a leading position in Asia under the efforts of government and industries. However, these technologies still are slowly developed to the commercialized phase. Thus, the achievement of these researches does not benefit industry substantially.
In the process of commercialization of biotech research, we have to consider all the aspects, including technology and regulation, intellectual property, finance and management. With a well-rounded development plan, technologies in the bud will gradually develop to a mature commodity, and earn fiscal profit in the market. The profit will consequently contribute to research activity. A virtuous circle will be formed.
The strategies of commercialization differ considerably among industries. Regarding biopharmaceutical industry which has the properties of highly regulated by competent authorities, time consuming, heavy capital, and global marketing, the regulation assessment is not only complicate but also critical to project implementation. The required documents according by regional authorities will be a decisive factor to consider the development plan including the estimated timetable, needed resources. Due to the regulation system in US affected a lot legislation for laws in Taiwan , America and Taiwan will be the prior topics in this research.
A well-developed legal framework and protection of intellectual property rights is the prerequisite for building an ideal environment where the biotechnology and pharmaceutical industries can flourish. In order to improve the environment for these industries, in recent years the government has approved the amendment and execution of related laws and regulations. Amendments have been made to related tax benefit and incentive measures of investment. Other amendments have been made which have allowed R&D results to be more easily transferred to academia and industry.
Looking into the future, under the joint cooperation of industry, academia and research institutes, and with the government’s policy to fully promote the sector, it is believed that Taiwan will have well developed in the near future.
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電視頻道全時段廣告性節目之分析: 節目型態與法規 / The analysis of program-length infomercials: format and regulation王智佳, Wang, Chih Chia Unknown Date (has links)
台灣的電視頻道競爭激烈,各台為求生存,逐漸往商業化靠攏,在節目中混入產品訊息,讓閱聽人無法分辨是節目抑或廣告,產生了「節目廣告化」或「廣告節目化」問題,此類節目常被稱為「資訊型節目」,但「資訊型節目」內容具有強烈推銷意圖,已經不能單純將之視為「資訊」提供,故本研究以將時段拋售給業者以及內容具廣告意圖的節目,以「全時段廣告性節目」指稱。
本研究採用質化研究方法,分為兩部份。一為瞭解此種類型的節目表現操作手法,以文本分析方式解構結構類型以及置入手法,再歸類節目內容設計功能訴求。其次為探討該類節目產製過程以及有關單位的審查情況,以深度訪談的方式,訪談全時段性節目製作單位、電視頻道業者以及主管機關相關人士,並彙整出該類節目在實際媒體產業中運作和與主管單位互動的輪廓。
研究結果發現如下:
1、全時段廣告性節目具有特定的電視節目類型和結構型態,常使用「起承轉合」的敘述模式,將產品資訊置入節目中訴求。
2、全時段廣告性節目常使用相同的功能設計,以「與他人或社群分享經驗」、「滿足好奇心或得知資訊」、「體會同理心」、「尋找仿效人物」以及「強化對於奇蹟的信念」等方式滿足閱聽人使用媒體之需求。
3、研究對象之節目均可能涉及「節目與廣告未明顯區分」、「需明示意圖」、「廣告播放時間限制」、「違背消費性專輯製作原則」、「違背節目廣告化與廣告節目化認定原則」以及「違背中華民國電視道德規範和電視節目製作範例」之規定,相關法律管制程序與審查制度均值得進一步探討。 / In order to cover the cost, media gives up their public duty and surrenders to commercialism. However, the limited media market still cannot support all media in Taiwan. TV productions therefore combine the programs and the commercials, making TV programs mixed with the message of products. The audiences no longer identify the commercials from TV programs. The kind of TV program is so-called “infomercial” or “Program-length infomercial.”
The program-length infomercials are increasing recently. The contents are usually adapted the program formats and contain the intentions of promotion. With the normal length of TV programs, program-length infomercials involve both features of programs and commercials. This study aims of analyzing the program-length infomercials. It focuses mainly on its regular models of presentation and the related regulations. The research method adopts qualitative methodology to portrait the possible surroundings in the industry. The study starts with analyzing the text of infomercials. Then, the researcher classifies the gratifications designed for the audiences inside the program. In the end, by contrasting the regulations and the censorship with the results of in-depth interviewing, this study discusses the defect inside the system.
In conclusion, the program-length infomercials hold certain models of presentation. They also involve in several gratifications. The provision of information is the chief factor among those designed gratifications. The results show that programs are mainly against the regulation of being distinguishable from advertisement to maintain the completeness. Therefore, the commercialization of TV programs is the common problem nowadays. This study suggests that the consistent identification of the program-length infomercials will avoid the controversy between advertisers and regulators. Certain deregulations of advertisement or additional regulations for infomercials will also ease the tensions. Besides, improving the efficiency of censorship will encourage the advertisers to apply the legal qualification. Last but not the least, developing the literacy of infomercial will be the most effective method for the audience to avoid the possible disputes.
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藥品廣告之法規範與健康素養 / The regulation of pharmaceutical advertising and health literacy林承宇, Lin, Cheng-Yu Unknown Date (has links)
為國民的健康把關,通常是政府作為實現國民健康權的一種具體作為,有關國民的用藥安全更是政府責無旁貸的責任。本論文著眼於「虛擬藥房」的藥品廣告刺激一般常民用藥的消費過程,政府基於保護國民健康所採取的介入方式是「法規範」對藥品廣告的管理,此種管理方式隨著藥品本身與商業言論的時空變遷會有緊縮或放寬的變革,然而易侷限於專業精英討論的上層層次;後有主管機關意識到常民健康的落實須直達正確的用藥觀念,以健康促進作為彌補上層可能無法下達困境的下層層次。
本論文以為,此二層次對應的概念仍屬「由上對下」的意識,亦即「政府」下對「常民」的概念。這種由上而下的把關做法,在維護國民「健康權」的國家、社會與個人法益上固然有其必要;惟欲落實整體健康權的實踐,仍須回歸「健康素養」的具體貫徹。亦即,本論文主張政府所主導的法規範或健康促進的作為,必須同時伴隨常民健康素養的賦權,兼顧「由下而上」的作法,不斷促使法規範與社會現實互為主體,則法規範才能真實維護與實踐國民的「健康權」。 / It is the constitutional and legal responsibility of the State to protect people’s health and achieve “the right to health” via, among others, the provision of safe medicines. The vast amounts of advertisings have challenged the State to providing safety access to medicines. This thesis focuses on the advertisings of “virtual pharmacies”, and attempts to investigate how they stimulate consumer behaviors. Legally, the State controls pharmaceutical advertising by means of various different legislative and administrative measures. Nonetheless, this “top-down” process has had only limited effects due to rapid social change and the evolution of the protection of commercial speech. This thesis argues that, to fill the gap, the promotion and development of “health literacy”, i.e. a “bottom-up” way, could be the answer to a meaningful control of pharmaceutical advertisings.
This thesis conducts empirical analyses and applies them to various theories of political economy regarding pharmaceutical advertising. Moreover, the relationships between “health literacy” and “the right to health” are also elaborated. It is argued that to substantiate the constitutional “right to health”, the best way is to promote and develop the concept of “health literacy”. Only through empowering the consumers with the proper knowledge of “health literacy” can the State, assisted by the implementation of relevant laws, fulfills its responsibility. “Health literacy” is as important as law itself, and the latter cannot satisfactorily operate to arrive at the desired results without the construction of the former.
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