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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

藥品個體生體相等試驗設計之研究

吳昌霖 Unknown Date (has links)
原廠藥在專利期過後,任何藥廠皆可製造此種新藥,這種與原廠藥含有相同主成份的藥一般稱為屬類藥。對於新劑型或是屬類藥,在核准過程中並不需要提出與原廠藥相同的冗長臨床實驗過程,藥廠只需實驗證明屬類藥與原廠藥是生體相等(bioequivalence)即可。 目前證明新藥、舊藥之間是否生體相等的統計方法是比較兩考之生體可用相對值(relative bioavailability)平均數是否相等,意即所謂的 Average bioequivalence (ABE)實驗,但就實際觀點而言,兩種藥是否可互用是必須考慮到每個實驗個體間及個體內之差異,以及個體與藥劑間之交互作用,這就是所謂的 Individual bioequivalence (IBE)實驗。 美國食品藥物管理局(FDA)在1997年3月提出一個新的 IBE 決策準則,這個研究乃為探討新準則的特性,以及 ABE 方式的決策準則與 IBE 的決策準則二者間在同一試驗設計下是否有差異存在?何者的檢測能力較強?在何種情況下, ABE 與 IBE 的檢測效果是一樣的?不同的試驗設計是否會影響其檢測能力?整個研究過程中,我們是採用模擬資料的方式來對以上的問題加以探討。
2

在不同實驗設計下藥物個體生體相等性檢定力之比較

董雅萍 Unknown Date (has links)
傳統上,判定一種學名藥(generic drug)與原廠藥(innovator drug)是否具有生體相等性所常用的統計方法為:比較兩種藥物的生體可用相對值(relative bioavailability)的母體平均數是否相等,此即所謂的平均生體相等性(average bioequivalence)。然而就兩種藥物可互用的觀點而言,似乎更需要考慮的是每位受測個體在服用藥物後,不同藥物在個體內反應的差異性,因此 Anderson and Hauck (1990)提出個體生體相等性(individual bioequivalence)的觀點。 本文採 Schall (1995)所建議的判定準則來作為評估一種學名藥與原廠藥是否具有個體生體相等性的依據。內容重點為透過模擬(simulation)實驗的方式,對判定藥物為個體生體相等性的檢定力(power)作一評比,研究的項目有:(1)檢定力在不同交叉實驗設計(crossover design)下表現的異同;(2)檢定力在不同參數組合情況下表現的趨勢;(3)樣本數(sample size)對檢定力的影響。 / Conventionally, that a generic drug and an innovator drug are regarded as having the same treatment effects is based on the concept of average bioequivalence,i.e., that average responses between individuals on the two formulations are similar. Anderson and Hauck (1990) argued that it was not sufficient to expect that an individual patient would response similarly to the two formulations. The thought has received a lot of attention lately, and quite a few methods have been proposed to deal with the issue of the individual bioequivalence. According to the "unified" approach proposes by Schall (1995), a simulation study on power to declare bioequivalence and coverage probability of confidence intervals is carried out here to compare their performance under different experimental designs.

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