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我國資訊電子業研發部門特質對經營績效之影響黃曉惠 Unknown Date (has links)
二十一世紀的競爭環境,由已傳統技術的競爭轉變成創意、智慧的競爭,企業惟有穩固技術根基並強化研發能力,才能維持競爭力並長期生存,研發人員為研究發展活動之重要投入因子,研發人員之素質更是研發成果及公司經營成果之關鍵,其對公司生產力之提升及產品、製程的開發均有相當之貢獻,藉由創意的產生,可開發新產品、進入新市場、增加營業收入及顧客滿意度;藉由改良製程及技術,可提高生產效率、降低製造成本、減少費用、提高產品良率,本研究認為研發人員之素質愈好,經營績效愈佳,因此擬探討研發人員之特質對經營績效是否有顯著之影響。
本研究經由回收問卷之分析,獲悉資訊電子業研發人員組成特質之現況,以實證模型探討企業研發人員之組成特質與企業獲利及研發生產力間之關聯,並同時考量影響企業獲利及生產力之其他因素對經營績效之影響。在組成特質指標的選取上,以研發人力密集度、研發人員教育程度、內部服務年資、產業服務年資及男性研發人員比例作為人力素質之衡量變數;並以毛利率、營業利益率、當年度及次年度之專利權核准比率作為經營成果之衡量指標,目的在了解研發人力之特質對企業獲利能力及研發活動生產力之影響。
本研究以我國上市(櫃)資訊電子業公司為研究對象,實證結果顯示,無論以企業獲利能力或研發活動生產力來衡量經營績效,皆與研發人力密集度與研發人員平均內部服務年資呈顯著正相關,支持本研究之假說。研發人員之平均產業服務年資則多與經營績效呈顯著負相關,其可能原因在於產業年資乃由年齡設算而來,在資訊電子業中,研發工作之緊湊程度隨著科技日進之速度而升高,因此年齡較大者,較難適任,才會造成產業服務年資與經營績效間呈負相關之情況。
本研究結果可供資訊電子業於制定研發人力資源管理決策時之參考,在科技競爭激列的二十一世紀,我國資訊電子業在研發人員的人事政策上,除應提高研發人員之比例外,亦應注重研發人員之素質,以強化研究發展之成果,並進一步提升公司之經營績效。 / The competition environment of 21 century has changed its style from a competition on technology in tradition to a competition of creativity and intelligence. The only way for an enterprise to maintain its capability to compete and survive for a long time is to strengthen its research and development (R&D) capability. The quality of researchers is the key point in the achievement of R&D. It also has a great contribution to the promotion of productivity of a company and the development of products and manufacturing processes. With their creativity, researchers introduce new products into markets and increase both sales and customers’ satisfaction. By improving manufacturing processes and technology, they increase the production efficiency, decrease manufacturing cost and the rate of defective products.
This study examined the association between attributes of researchers of enterprise and profitability of enterprise or R&D productivity with regression model. Other factors that affect profitability and productivity are considered at the same time their influence on operating performance. R&D human capital intensity, researchers’ education level, internal experience, industrial experience and proportion of male researchers are chosen as independent variables in this study; gross profit ratio, operating income ratio and patent ratio of both the current year and the next year are dependent variables. The purpose of this study is to understand the influence of researchers’ attributes have on profitability of enterprise and R&D productivity.
The sample of this study is information and electronic companies listed on TSE and ROSE in Taiwan. The result of the research supports the hypothesis posed in this study since either profitability of enterprise or R&D productivity correlates positively with R&D human capital intensity and researchers’ internal experience. However, there is a negative correlation between researchers’ average industrial experience and operating performance. The result suggests that industrial experience correlates negatively with operating performance is caused by the inappropriateness for an elder to be a researcher. The result of this study can provide valuable information for information and electronic companies as they make decision of human resource management.
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研發人員之生涯發展與人事政策之研究 / The Research of Research & development engineers' career development and personnel policy卓文記, Chou, Wen Chi Unknown Date (has links)
新產品開發對企業的銷貨額的增加,市場佔有率的提高及利潤的確保有極大之關係,而影響新產品開發關鍵性成功因素之一,是R&D人員如何確保,如何選才、用才、留才,有關R&D人員留才之研究相當多。由實證中提出企業中實施R&D人員生涯規劃,是有助於留住人才的。經由理論瞭解,R&D人員之生涯發展是一生中之工作與發展的歷史,是會變的,但是其中心思想則不會捨棄的,稱之為生涯導向,本研究將之分為管理型導向、專案型導向、技術型導向及自由導向。R&D人員之生涯發展導向為與公司目標一致為人事政策的重要一環,組織如何透過人事政策協助R&D人員之生涯發展為本研究重點。
本研究乃以R&D人員之生涯發展與人事政策之關聯性來探討R&D人員在組織中對人事政策之期望及重要性程度,並調查R&D人員對人事政策對其生涯發展之重要度及滿意度。以瞭解R&D人員對現行人事政策及組織的期望及滿意度。以做為對R&D人員之需求之瞭解,及調整人事政策之依據。本研究經調查個案公司,收回116份有效問卷,經由單因子變異數分析、P檢定、及平均值比較分析,發現R&D人員之人口變項對人事政策、及R&D人員之生涯發展有顯著相關,發現現行人事政策中,教育訓練,績效考核、升遷制度、薪酬制度及新人事政策,皆對R&D人員的生涯發展,有很重要的影響。而其中R&D人員對於新人事政策中之彈性上班、工程師制度、同仁配股及住宅貸款等皆有相當高的滿意度,而對於教育訓練之滿意度亦相當高。但R&D人員對考核的公平性、升遷速度與同業薪酬的比較上滿意度較低。
人口統計變項對於生涯導向,雖然在平均值上有高低之差別,但未呈顯著的差異。而 R&D人員之生涯導向。在人事政策之重要度及滿意度之認知上,除了教育訓練中專業訓練的重要度及績效考核的公平性滿意度之認知上有顯著差異外,其餘各變項皆不顯著。
本研究提出建議,對於滿意度低之人事政策適時檢討修正,有利吸引R&D人才、留才。但要注意,R&D人員滿意度提高之後續效是否相對提高,是要再進一步研究的課題。其次如何讓R&D人員之生涯發展與公司之目標一致化,也是企業要努力的方向之一。最後建議對R&D人員高學歷的來臨,人事政策如何去因應是一個新的挑戰。
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影響高科技研發人員過度工作因素及工作類型之探討郭若蘭, Daphne J. L. Kuo Unknown Date (has links)
本研究旨在以Spence和Robbins(1992)工作狂熱建構中的內在驅迫因素和工作樂趣因素為基礎,並加入外在驅迫因素,來探討高科技研發人員過度工作的不同因素對於工作時數以及健康生活工作等層面變項的預測力或關聯性,最後由因素劃分出過度工作者類型,並比較不同類型過度工作者的差異性。本研究採問卷調查法,以249位台灣北部地區的高科技研發人員為樣本以及52位高科技行政人員為工作時數的對照組。研究結果發現:(1)研發人員與全國製造業工作者及高科技行政人員相較下,有顯著的過度工作現象。(2)外在驅迫因素意指源自專業工作環境而迫使個體長時數工作的各影響因素。針對研發人員,包括工作負荷過重、產業特性、組織文化酬賞等外在驅迫因素,以及內在驅迫因素,皆對過度工作具有顯著的預測力。而外在驅迫因素對研發人員過度工作的相對預測力高於內在因素。(3)對於健康生活工作三層面的影響性而言,內在因素中的內在驅迫有廣泛不利於三層面的顯著影響性而屬於健康生活工作的危險因子,內在因素中的工作樂趣則相對地於三層面皆有顯著助益而在三層面居於保護因子的角色;外在驅迫因素中的工作負荷過重,對於生活層面有顯著的不良影響,但對健康和工作沒有顯著影響。(4)辨識出三類型的過度工作研發人員,其中內在驅迫高工作樂趣低的「被驅迫狂」在各層面皆有最不利的行為表現,屬於積極的健康定義下的高危險群,內在驅迫高工作樂趣高的「幹勁狂」則較「被驅迫狂」有顯著較高的生活滿足,內在驅迫普通而工作樂趣高的「幹勁者」雖然長時數工作,但各層面狀況反而有優於全體研發人員平均值的傾向。最後,本研究針對上述研究結果做更深層的探討,並說明在個人層次和組織層次實務上的意涵。 / Two internal factors, “driveness” and “enjoyment of work” from the workaholism model of Spence and Robbins (1992), and “external force” factors were adopted to investigate the phenomenon of excessive work (defined as long hours of working) in the population of high-tech R&D professionals. The purpose of this study is to clarify the effects of these factors on high-tech R&D professionals’ working habits, as well as on their health and life styles. These factors were used to categorize high-tech R&D professionals further. The results showed (1) R&D professionals worked significantly longer hours than high-tech administrative staff and workers in manufacturing industry. (2) “Work overload”, one external force factor, compared to other factors, predicted best to R&D professionals’ hours of working. Moreover, the amount of variance explained by the external force factors was relatively larger than the internal factors. (3) Driveness was constantly found to be a risk factor for one’s holistic health, whereas the enjoyment of work was found to be a protective factor. The third factor, work overload, influenced one’s health only on one’s social life. (4) Three types of overworkers were identified: the nonenthusiastic workaholics (NWs), the enthusiastic workaholics (EWs), and the enthusiasts (Es). Among these overworkers, the NWs acted most consistently with the indicators of unhealthiness, showing that the NWs may be most vulnerable to health complaints, unsatisfied social life, and inefficient work habits. The EWs, though acted similarly as the NWs, were not as extreme as the NWs and had higher life-satisfaction than the NWs. As for Es, who also worked long hours, their health complains were the least of all workers and they had relatively healthy life styles than the other two kinds of workers. Implications of the internal and external factors on the high-tech R&D professionals, as well as the typology of the overworkers, were discussed.
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研發人員參與企業數位學習業務之研究-以工業技術研究院為例郭秉宸, Bing-Chen Kuo Unknown Date (has links)
摘要
全球化的浪潮和企業競爭日益激烈,企業所需要的學習服務,將越來越顯得迫切與多樣化。不受侷限空間和時間的限制的數位學習必然是企業所選擇的一條途徑,專業的學習服務提供者將尋求結合將所有的學習資源(如學習輔導業師、學習社群),來提高學習的成效和降低企業的成本。
因此,企業數位學習(corporate e-learning)將成為一個充滿機會的產業,組織/機構開始將推動企業數位學習業務視為一項重要營運目標。對於經營企業數位學習業務而言,促使組織/機構中知識擁有者¾研發人員的積極參與,是非常關鍵的因素。這些研發人員平日都已經擔負著相當多的任務,當組織/機構一旦決心投入企業數位學習業務的經營,研發人員的參與程度將決定了這項新的業務是否能夠成功。他們不但要繼續進行既定的工作,還要另外配合組織/機構的政策,提供知識和經驗給企業數位學習部門來推動業務進行。
本研究的目的在探討這些具備專精知識的研發人員對於企業數位學習的看法、新業務對他們既有工作的影響、與企業數位學習業務其他成員的互動合作、企業數位學習的工作特性、如何引導或促使專業領域人士能夠投入此一嶄新領域,以找出影響研發人員參與企業數位學習業務的各項因素,希望能給有心經營企業數位學習業務的機構和企業作為規劃與執行的建議。
本研究以工業技術研究院目前參與企業數位學習業務的研發人員為研究對象,採用深度訪談法進行研究,並藉由企業數位學習業務相關參與成員的訪談作為檢測依據,比對找出企業數位學習的工作內容與工作特性、研發人員參與此業務的動機以及組織機構推動企業數位學習業務的關鍵因素。
本研究之研究發現如下:
企業數位學習仍然處於演化階段,業務營運模式還需要不斷調整。
企業數位學習目前的工作特性具有高度技能多樣性、深遠的工作重要性、偏低的工作可辨識性、高度的工作自主性以及尚不顯著的工作回饋性。
企業數位學習具有需要跨領域團隊合作以及吸引追求高層次需求滿足的研發人員的業務特質。
企業數位學習的動機潛能分數(MPS)還有再提昇的空間。
研發人員需要很強的內在動機才會參與企業數位學習業務。
研發人員參與企業數位學習業務的外在動機需要仔細設計並且落實。
研發人員傾向於追求更高層次的需求滿足。
研發人員對於朝向於從事企業數位學習的業務變革表現出抗拒或觀望的態度。
能夠同時擁有知識創造和知識擴散的力量的企業組織/法人機構,對於推動企業數位學習業務相當有幫助。除了在課程內容和工作知識可以相互流通之外,既有業務和新業務在規劃和執行層面上都要整合,以尋求綜效(synergy)。
經營企業數位學習業務需要建立適當的內容審核機制並結合企業組織/法人機構內部知識管理的運作。
企業組織/法人機構把知識創造過程自然融入企業數位學習當中,並且加進入實地操作與臨場經驗(Hands-on experience),將使得技術知識擴散可以更具備完整性。
企業組織/法人機構的決策階層執行力不夠貫徹、空有宣示而無配套策略、缺乏宣導措施是企業數位學習業務遇到瓶頸的主因。
關鍵字:研發人員、企業數位學習、工作動機、工作特性、知識創造、知識擴散、組織變革、變革抗拒 、工業技術研究院
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研發取得策略的績效意涵:理論與證據 / Performance Implications of R&D Sourcing Strategy: Theory and Evidence陳玉麟 Unknown Date (has links)
本研究旨在探討研發取得策略,情境因子,研發人力資本,與公司績效之間的關聯性。藉由理論模型的推導與實務訪談研發中心主管來發展假說,進而以混合資料模型(pooled data models)與橫斷面資料模型來進行實證分析。主要結果為:當公司的研發多樣化程度較高,專利權數目較少,公司較可能採取內外部研發並進策略(R&D hybrid strategy),而非完全內部研發策略(make strategy)。最重要地,過度/低度的外部研發取得(under-/over-external R&D sourcing)對於公司績效有負/正向影響。相較於會計績效,此效果對市場績效的影響尤其顯著。同時,研發取得策略對於公司績效的影響,取決於公司的研發人力資本。相較於採取完全內部研發策略的公司,為了吸收外來的異質技術,採取內外部研發並進策略的公司較可能聘任不同研發種類的研發人員;而如此的研發取得策略與研發人力資本契合將進而改善會計與市場績效。本研究的發現與交易成本理論與supermodular理論一致。如同預期,相較於橫斷面資料模型,本研究的實證分析在混合資料模型較為顯著。 / The association between performance and R&D sourcing strategy in relation to contextual variables and R&D human capital is determined by the analytical model coupled with field interviews with directors or managers in R&D centers. Capitalizing on a unique database of the 2001-2003 Taiwan Industry R&D Investment Survey containing more detailed information available on the R&D activities to verify this association, the researcher tests the empirical results by cross-sectional and pooled data models. The findings are that an innovating firm will prefer to implement the R&D hybrid strategy when the higher degrees of R&D diversity and fewer counts of patents are exhibited. Perhaps most importantly, this study shows compelling evidence that over-/under-external R&D sourcing affects negatively/positively a firm’s performance. This effect is more significant in the market-based performance (Tobin’s q and average two-year Tobin’s q) than accounting-based performance (ROS and ROA). Moreover, the associations between R&D sourcing strategy and a firm’s performance are contingent on the use of R&D human capital. Innovative firms with the R&D hybrid/make strategy are more/less prone to employee diverse types of R&D experts to absorb the coming external knowledge, and such alignment between R&D sourcing strategy and R&D human capital thus improves both accounting- and market-based performance. The results are consistent with both transaction cost paradigms that discriminating alignment of transactions with strategy leads to more efficient outcomes, and the supermodularity model that a firm’s performance is a function of coherent alignment between strategy and structural elements of an organization. As predicted, these effects are noticeable and more pronounced in the pooled data model than in the cross-sectional design.
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