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論科學解釋:一個三民主義研究的基礎杜奉賢, DU, FENG-XIAN Unknown Date (has links)
全文一冊,分為六章,共約八萬字。第壹章導論:說明本文的基本預設就是把三民主
義研究視為同社會科學研究,再設定全文的理論觀點、概念格局與分析架構。第貳章
經驗科學中的解釋型式及其問題;評析邏輯實證論者和實證社會科學家所倡導的含蓋
定律解釋模型。第參章科學解釋在社會科學方法論中的爭議:論述反對引用自然科學
中解釋型式,而認為社會科學中應有其獨特詮釋理解方法的人文研究者觀點。第肆章
社會科學研究中解釋的疑難:探討在後設理論中,我們根本不能解釋而只能描述,在
實際研究中,所謂解釋也只是描述的論辯。第伍章社會科學中的解釋方法:分析適用
於社會科學中的解釋方法。第陸章結論:建立三民主義研究方法論的基礎。
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中共移民邊疆政策之研究康添財, KUANG, TIAN-CAI Unknown Date (has links)
本論文共計一冊,約十萬餘言,分為六章十八節,下再分若干小節。
論文內容主要是透過社會科學整合的研究方法,分析中共移民邊疆政策之目的、演變
及執行狀況過程,進而探討其影響得失,並提供未來光復大陸後,政府移民實邊的參
考方向。
第一章緒論,說明研究動機、目的、方法、範圍與限制,並對邊疆及移民之界說、定
義、特質等加以解釋,同時對歷代移民實邊之概況,也扼要略述。
第二章對中共移民邊疆政策之目的,分政治文化、經濟、邊防、人口壓力與失業問題
四方面,加以探討。
第三章以「文化大革命」作為分期,分析中共移民邊疆政策之演變過程。
第四章分析中共移民邊疆工作之方針,與政策之執行,同時分區說明中共移民疆邊之
實況。
第五章剖析中共移民邊疆政策之影響,並檢討其利弊得失。
第六章結論,對全文作一總結,並提供未來光復大陸後,政府移民實邊的方向,以供
參考。
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社會科學期刊引用目的類型分析 / The Classification of Citation for Journal in Social Sciences李旻嬑, Lee, Min I Unknown Date (has links)
社會科學是人們認識人類自身和社會發展規律的學科,它是研究人類社會發展和人自身發展的各種學科的總稱。社會科學學科相當廣泛,各學科學者間的資瞭使用行為也不相同。本研究旨在藉由引用文獻分析法觀察臺灣社會科學領域學者的資料引用情形,以及從引用文獻出現於文章中的位置來看出社會科學各領域的引用特性,最後輔以內容分析法探討引用文獻類型與文章中位置之關係。本研究參考臺灣社會科學引文索引資料庫 (TSSCI) 對社會科學期刊之分類,針對期刊文獻較具格式化的學科,從中選擇出具有重要性的代表期刊,以2010年文獻為主,作為研究的主要對象。
本研究結果如下:1.臺灣社會科學引用文獻特性概況:(1)社會科學學者引用資料類型以期刊與圖書為主,報紙與研究報告最少;(2)除期刊與圖書外,教育學偏重引用博碩士論文,政治學者使用電子資源頻率較高,經濟學著重研究報告的引用;(3)社會科學學者引用最多的語文為英文;(4)社會科學學者皆偏向引用近10年的文獻,引用文獻半衰期為10-11年。2.臺灣社會科學引用文獻位置與研究特性:(1)社會科學領域結構型文獻比率高;(2)社會科學學科屬性為實證型與非實證型並重;(3)社會科學學者對於引用文獻使用頻率以導論部分最多,結論最少。3.臺灣社會科學內容註與註中註使用情形:(1)社會科學各學科內容註現象使用頻繁,經濟學使用內容註數量最高;(2)註中註使用比例以政治學為最高;(3)內容註與註中註使用情形以導論、研究方法、結果為最高,結論部分最少使用。4.社會科學引用類型與引用位置之關係:(1)社會科學以"研究動機與問題設定"類型的引用文獻最多;(2)引用類型與引用位置之間關係密切。
本研究結果可應用於圖書館或相關研究單位之館藏規劃,了解社會科學學者的學術資訊需求與特性,界定重要的研究資料來源,以及評估館藏是否足以支援研究之參考,藉以提供研究人員完善的資訊服務。同時可將研究之分析應用於國內社會科學引文資料庫之建置建議,提供社會科學學者撰寫註釋引用格式之相關資訊,作為資料庫建置人員之參考。
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批判思考教學策略運用在國小五年級社會科之實驗研究 / An experimental study about implementing the teaching strategies of critical thinking in social class of 5th-grade elementary school陳萩卿, Chen, Chiu-Ching Unknown Date (has links)
本研究依據批判思考主要特徵與教學理論,建構一套批判思考教學模式。根據文獻探討界定:一、批判思考主要內涵為批判思考能力、批判思考傾向與批判思考所需之必要知識;二、本研究所採之批判思考教學模式為前導活動、呈現主題、概念比較、分組活動、發表與澄清以及判斷與選擇。為探討批判思考教學在國小社會科實施效果,分別以兩所國小五年級中的兩班學生為研究對象,進行兩個月教學實驗,並編製批判思考測驗以比較兩組在批判思考學習效果的差異,此外,蒐集批判思考教學組學生在教學過程之相關資料進行質的分析。本研究工具為(一)批判思考測驗;(二)學習日記;(三)學習回饋問卷;(四)個案學習回饋問卷。
主要研究結果如下:
一、本研究之批判思考教學對批判思考能力有顯著教學效果。
二、本研究之批判思考教學對批判思考傾向有顯著教學效果。
三、本研究之批判思考教學對學生辯論之參與、聚焦與流暢性、意見陳述與反駁方面有明顯幫助。
四、接受批判思考教學的學生在信任理性、提出客觀且良好理由、多元思考等方面有顯著進步。
五、批判思考教學組學生對本研究之批判思考教學有相當正面的評價。
針對上述發現進行討論並提出建議:
1.本研究之批判思考教學模式值得國小社會課嘗試。2.應以學生個別差異實施批判思考教學。3.可採對話與辯證方式進行社會課教學。4.應營造安全溫暖且容忍犯錯的學習環境。5.宜容許社會課教學活動設計有彈性調整空間。6.應採多元評量的方式與內容。7.可設計學習單幫助學生有效蒐集資料。8.宜運用學習日記幫助學生進行反思。9.教師應重視批判思考教學並進行相關研究。 / This study constructs a model for teaching critical thinking based on the major characteristics and theories of critical thinking. To probe into the effects of teaching critical thinking in social studies, the researcher performs an experiment on a sample of 131 fifth-grade elementary school students for two months. The data-collection instruments include: (a) The Critical Thinking Test; (b) The Learning Diary; (c) The Learning Feedback Questionnaire; and (d) The Learning Feedback Questionnaire For Special Case.
The following conclusions become evident. On the theoretical aspect: first, the main concepts of critical thinking include critical thinking ability, critical thinking disposition and the knowledge for critical thinking; second, the steps of the model for teaching critical thinking are guiding activities, displaying theme, comparing concepts, group discussion, sharing and clarifying, and finally, judgment and decision-making. On the experimental aspect: it was found that (a) Teaching critical thinking has significantly positive effects both on critical thinking ability and on critical thinking disposition. (b) Teaching critical thinking helps students have good performance in debates. (c) The students of experimental group make great progress on achieving confidence in reason and pluralistic thinking. (d) The students of experimental group give a vary positive evaluation on teaching critical thinking.
Through these results, some guidelines are suggested as follows:
(a) The model for teaching critical thinking is of great worth in social studies. (b) Critical thinking should be taught according to individual difference of students. (c) Dialogue and dialectic process is good for teaching social studies. (d) The atmosphere of classroom must be safe, warm and tolerating learning error. (e) Teachers should put emphasis on teaching critical thinking and on probing into critical thinking.
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心理學質的研究的探討洪錫井, Hong, Xi-Jing Unknown Date (has links)
長久以來,「觀察→假設→推論→命題→收集資料→實驗→檢証→結論→預測」這個過程便是科學的標準格式,任何想要從事科學活動,探求新知識,莫不以此為 集;如果有人想要挑戰這種說法,莫不被視為邪說、異端、離經叛道、因為這過程正是科學文明、器物發明,所賴以發展的金科玉律。
誠然,由於這種科學,學術界得以發現諸多現象與知識。但是,我們是否應將它視為唯一的律則?是否有其他的方法可以引領我們進入知識的世界與真理的殿堂?實際上,對於「經驗科學(Empirical Science) 可以獲致真理」,已經有不少學者提出了質疑,不論在哲學、自然科學、以及社會科學與心理學界,都有不少學者了解到傳統的方法論的確有其不足與限制。因此,在這樣的反省中,遂產生了另一種研究取向––質的研究(qualitative research)。這就是本研究所欲探討的主題。
所謂「質的研究」到目前為止,它所指涉的概念仍極為分歧,一般將個案研究、自然探究、紮根理論、田野研究、俗民誌、俗民方法學、詮釋的研究都包括在質的概念之下。雖然如此,它是涵蓋不同研究策略的名詞,而這些策略都共有如下特質 (Bogdan &Biklen,1982,p.2):
(1) 研究收集的資料,是人、地和會談等所謂「軟性」資料的豐富描述。
(2) 研究問題並非由操作定義後的變項來界定,而是在複雜的情境中形成。
(3) 研究焦點可在資料收集中發展而成,而非在一開始就設定待考驗的假說或待回答的問題。
(4) 了解行為必須由被研究者的內在觀點出發,外在因素僅居次要地位。
(5) 傾向於在被研究者的日常生活情境□,與被研究者做持久地接觸,以收集資料。
本研究的目的與計畫如下:
第一章:結論
探討本研究之動機與目的。
第二章:研究方法
分兩部份。其一,以文獻探討之方式,介紹質的研究取向。其二,以三十位國內心理學者進行「質的研究」之現況調查。
第三章:結果
整理並分析國內心理學者對質的研究的看法。
第四章:結論與建議
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國小教師的課程詮釋與課程運作經驗之分析-以一年級社會科教學觀察為例 / The analysis of the teachers' curriculum interpretation and curriculum operation experiences in the elementary school陳秀玉, Chen, Hsow-Yu Unknown Date (has links)
本研究主要是對三位國小一年級教師的社會科教學進行觀察,以分析她們的課程詮釋與課程運作經驗,並深入理解與探討這些經驗所顯示的意義與教師課程詮釋時的內在世界。具體言之,主要研究目的如下:
一、瞭解教師在生活脈絡下所形成的課程詮釋觀點。
二、分析教師在與環境互動下所採取的教學統整方式。
三、瞭解教師在教學後對教學評量結果所作的省思。
四、探討課程詮釋與課程運作經驗所顯示的意義,及教師課程詮釋時的內在世界。
本研究採取個案研究法,最常用到的是教室觀察、訪談、文件分析、問卷、測驗等方式。研究對象是在同一學校任教一年級的三位教師,學歷分別是師範、師專和師院,曾任教一年級社會科年資是2年、10年和0年,研究時間約為一個多月,以進行社會科一個單元完整的教學觀察。
研究者建構了三位個案報告,並將所有資料加以綜合分析和歸納,以理解三位教師課程詮釋與課程運作經驗所顯示之意義,及教師的內在世界,主要研究發現如下:
一、三位教師的課程詮釋與課程運作經驗
(一)教師的許多課程詮釋觀點,會統合地呈現在對任教課程的理解上。
(二)教師的某些課程詮釋觀點會影響某些教學統整方式。
(三)教師的各種教學統整方式之間相互關連。
二、課程詮釋與課程運作經驗所顯示的意義
(一)教師在課程運作時主體意識的存在,並不為自己所察覺。
(二)教師在課程實施層面所扮演的角色,已不是忠實者,可算是調適者,某部份確實展現了課程締造者的角色。
三、教師課程詮釋時內在的教學需求
教師的教學統整行動是一套為了結合理想與現實的因應策略,大都是為了滿足下列需求:(1)重視課業表現(2)符合教師的人生觀和教育觀(3)因應學生的特性和能力(4)維持良好的常規(5)配合資源和時間等環境因素。這些需求的背後,即是教師心中最期盼的,一個能獲得成就感的成功教學。 / The purpose of this study was to find out what curriculum interpretation and curriculum operation experiences the elementary school teachers have, and to explore the meanings from those experiences, and also to understand the inner worlds of the teachers who interpret the curriculum.
The researcher used the case study method. She collected data from observation, interview and test. The subjects of the study were three 1th-grade teachers teaching Social Studies in the same school. There were two years, ten years and zero years in their teaching 1th-grade Social Studies, and also graduated from different level teacher schools. It took more than one month to complete the observations of a whole unit instruction.
The researcher wrote up three case reports, and analyzed the meanings of those experiences. The findings of the study were as follows:
A. The teachers’ curriculum interpretation and curriculum operation experiences:
a) The teacher’s curriculum interpretation perspectives integrated to comprehend the teaching subject.
b) Some of the teacher’s curriculum interpretation perspectives influenced some instructional integration methods.
c) All of the instructional integration methods were interactively connected.
B. The meanings of those experiences:
a) The fact that teachers were the subject instead of the object in the curriculum operation was not perceived by teachers.
b) In the curriculum implementation process, teachers were not loyal to the curriculum but keep a mutual-adaptation relationship with it. They sometimes even created part of the curriculum.
C. The instructional needs on the inner worlds of the teachers:
a) Teacher’s needs emphasized the academic expectations.
b) Teacher’s needs fit for their life and pedagogical perspectives.
c) Teacher’s needs adapted to students’ characteristics and ability.
d) Teacher’s needs emphasized maintaining a good classroom control.
e) Teacher’s needs considered about instructional resources and time.
These needs could be subsumed into the need toward a successful instruction.
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人文與社會科學期刊與圖書被引用分析 / Citation Analysis of Journal and Monograph in Humanity and Social Science吳姵瑩, Wu, Pei Ying Unknown Date (has links)
人文與社會科學引用資料類型反映了人文社會科學研究者的資料使用行為,進而突顯其出版作品之資料類型的重要性。學術研究之發展會隨著時間的進展而發生變化,因此,本研究以2000年與2009年為主要研究範圍,以二個年代加以比較各學科引用資料類型之差異。探討各學科引用文獻之資料類型、各學科引用圖書與期刊之變化及其是否因期刊性質與年代不同而有差異。所以,本研究亦將探討各學科期刊引用文獻老化現象,並進一步以期刊性質與年代加以比較,期能幫助研究人員與專家學者對於人文社會科學領域使用資料之行為更加了解,並協助圖書館館藏發展與管理的工作。
研究結果如下:1.人文與社會科學引用參考文獻分析(1)人文學以圖書為主要引用資源,社會科學以期刊為主;(2)評述型期刊的引用文獻數量較高;(3)人文學科的研究型期刊與評述型期刊多引用圖書資源,社會科學中多引用期刊資源;(4)不同年代的人文學評述型期刊與研究型期刊主要引用資料為圖書、期刊;社會科學不同年代的研究型期刊主要引用圖書及期刊資源,評述型期刊引用較多的是圖書與電子資源。2.人文與社會科學引用文獻老化現象呈現出(1)被引用圖書的文獻老化時間較長,其中又以人文學的圖書文獻老化所需時間比較多;(2)人文學的引用圖書資源的出版年份久遠,近期與過去出版的文獻皆有引用,文獻老化程度較不顯著;(3)人文學各學科的被引用期刊半衰期可達13年至19年;另一方面,社會科學各學科被引用期刊半衰期可達7年至19年間;(4)研究型期刊之文獻老化現象中,人文學科的引用年代偏向年代較早的文獻,傾向引用6年至22年的參考文獻作研究,而社會科學者經常引用出版6至11年的文獻;(5)評述型期刊之人文學科的引用年代傾向於引用12年間的參考文獻作研究,而社會學科學者經常引用出版8至10年的文獻;(6)研究表現出研究型和評述型期刊的類型並不完全影響該學科的文獻老化程度。
本研究結果可應用於規畫重要的期刊文獻類型,有助於圖書館或相關研究單位評估人文與社會科學的相關館藏是否足以支援研究,並且藉由與其他領域的老化速度之比較,作為為採購資料之時效性以及期刊裝訂時的必要考量。同時可將研究分析應用於人文社會科學學者的學術資訊需求與特性,藉以提供研究人員完善的資訊服務,由文獻老化速度可以知道學科的發展情形,可作為人文與社會科學學者館藏研究規劃之參考。 / The Humanities and Social Sciences reference categories reflect the use of information of the researchers and highlight the importance of the publication categories. The development of academic research changes over time. Therefore, taking 2000 and 2009 as the major research areas, the study compares the difference between each discipline referring categories. The study also researches the references patterns of different disciplines, the change of referring monographs and journals in different disciplines, and whether they change the pattern due to the transformation and aging of these reference books and journals. Consequently, this study will also probe into the Literature Obsolescence in various references categories of different disciplines, and furthermore to compare the nature and years of journals, hoping to help researchers and experts in humanities and social sciences to understand the information research behavior better and to assist the Library collection development and management.
The results are as follows: 1.The analysis of Citation and Reference in Humanities and Social Sciences (1)the humanities mostly refer to monograph, and the social sciences mostly journal; (2)Review journal is in a higher number of citations; (3) research and review journals of Humanities cites more monograph resources, and social science journals resources; (4)Reference materials of review and research Journals of Humanities in different generations are mainly monographs and periodicals; research journals if social sciences in different years more cites in monographs and periodicals, while review periodicals prefer to reference more monograph and electronic resources. 2. Humanities and Social Sciences Citation Literature Obsolescence reveals that (1)the cited monographs take longer for obsolescence, among which monographs in Humanities take more time; (2) the cited monographs in humanities has published from long time ago. Cited recent and past literature, citation literature of aging are less significant. (3) The half-life of the cited journal of each discipline in the humanities is up to 13-19 years. On the other hand, the half-life of Journal reference in social sciences disciplines are up to 7-19 years; (4) About the Literature Obsolescence of research journals, the humanities tend to the refer literatures in earlier years, from past 6 to 22 years, while the Social Sciences often cited published literature published from 6 to 11 years ago; (5) Review journals in the humanities tend to quote the reference materials of past 12 years for research, and social science scholars frequently cited literatures published from 8 to 10 years ago; (6) The study demonstrated the research and the review types of periodicals are not completely affect the academic literature aging.
The results can be applied to planning an important type of journal, contributing to the libraries or related research units to assess if the humanities and social sciences collection sufficient to support. Furthermore, by the comparison of other areas in speed of aging, this study also can be a necessary measurement for the timeliness of procurement and for the periodicals binding. Meanwhile, the analysis can be applied to the behavior and characteristics of academic information requirement of humanities and social sciences scholars, in order to provide researchers a complete information services. From the speed of Literature Obsolescence, scholars can acknowledge the development of a subject. It can be used as the reference in humanities and social sciences collection planning.
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國小教科書對兒童的職業社會化──以國語和社會教科書為分析藍本 / 無曹方綺 Unknown Date (has links)
職業不僅是一項工作,更是一種生活方式、一種社會行為,它擁有個人性與社會性的特質,對職業的認識,被視為是有用的工具,亦是成為社會人的重要起點,因此我們更不可忽視自年幼時期,與職業的互動、獲得職業相關知識的情形,而職業有許多面向可以探討,本研究關注於職業工作內容、職業社會階層、職業社會分工、職業性別角色、職業與年齡等與職業相關之面向。
兒童期、早期社會化是人生歷程裡重要的階段,此階段開始對職業有初步的了解與模仿行為,透過社會化的過程,習得有關職業的社會知識。國小是兒童時期最重要的社會化機構之一,是兒童接收價值觀念、多元教育的關鍵場所,其中,教科書成為國小此一社會化機構的重要代理人,教科書不僅是老師教學的工具,也是學生接觸最頻繁的學習來源。
因此本研究欲透過內容分析法,檢視國小國語、社會教科書,每一課之文字內容與圖像,整理與詮釋有關職業社會化的訊息與意涵。研究對象主要包括兩時間點所出版之教科書,即國立編譯館依六十四年公布之《國民小學課程標準》編輯之國語、社會教科書,以及翰林出版社依九十二年公布之《國民中小學九年一貫課程綱要》編輯之國語、社會教科書,以此做為統編本與審定本依據不同標準編輯的兩時代教科書代表,整理、分析國編版、課綱版之教科書內容,在職業社會化相關面向上的呈現差異,是否有特定認知、形象或意識型態,從中觀察與歸納職業社會化意涵如何變遷,以探究我國兒童由教科書所接收之職業社會化知識。
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教科書審查規準建構之研究-以九年一貫課程社會學習領域為例賴光真 Unknown Date (has links)
鑑於教科書審查規準的建構在建構過程、方法模式、規準結構及規準內容等各方面均未臻理想,本研究透過文獻分析與問卷調查等方法,針對教科書審查規準的建構問題進行研究。除探討教科書審查規準的定義、功能、特質、發展模式等相關概念外,更著重於建構原則的歸納;此外,並以九年一貫課程社會學習領域教科書審查規準為例進行實際建構。研究之主要目的在於為教科書審查規準的建構,奠定理論性的與實證性的基礎,並提出研究所得供各界做為訂定、修訂或研究審查規準之參考。
經由文獻探討,本研究認為審查的實施在我國現階段的教科書發展上具有正當性與必要性,教科書審查規準之主要功能在於可以積極性地輔助審查的執行以及消極性地管制約束審查者,次要功能則是在於可以做為出版業者編輯研發教科書的參照指標,此外亦可發揮做為與公眾對話的共同語言、做為師資培訓參考教材等衍生功能。審查規準的建構,在鉅觀層面的發展模式上,應包括規準建構規劃、規準建構、規準實施、規準檢討評鑑等四大要素,以及相關的規準改革作為與回饋程序;其微觀層面的建構程序,則應包括建構定向、規準設計、規準妥適性驗證、規準修訂、規準定案等步驟及相關的回饋線。在鉅觀與微觀層面的發展與建構模式下,教科書審查規準的建構成為一個循環不斷的動態發展歷程。審查規準的建構及其妥適性的檢核,必須把握或遵循一些技術性與實質性的原則,計有四類十三項。第一類為「與規準建構程序相關的原則」,包括:適當程序原則、專業共議原則;第二類為「與規準基本定位相關的原則」,包括:分科建構原則、審查專用原則、質性處理原則;第三類為「與規準結構相關的原則」,包括:程序區隔原則、必要規準原則;第四類為「與規準內容相關的原則」,包括:廣泛周延原則、適切水準原則、效度原則、具體明確原則、內在標準原則、項目獨立原則等。如果做為事後檢核規準妥適性之用時,則尚應檢視其是否能發揮其預期的功能。
為建構九年一貫課程社會學習領域教科書審查規準,本研究透過教科書角色與功能、課程設計、及閱讀理解等相關研究的啟示,歸納出內容選材、組織結構、教學設計、圖文傳達、物理產製、研發過程等六大項,做為審查規準頂層架構的六個構面,再進一步解析各構面的細部架構。整個規準架構與既有的相關審查或評鑑規準做對照,具有相當的普效性與涵括能力,用以做為教科書審查規準之架構,應是合理而可行的。惟為實際使用,此一理論架構必須一合理的審查作業進程做階段區隔,並以手冊形式詳細闡述各規準項目的定義與審查方法,提供審查人員做為共同的背景知識與評鑑基礎。
為驗證所歸納之審查規準建構原則的妥適性,以及所建構之九年一貫課程社會學習領域教科書審查規準的妥適性,本研究問卷調查方式,諮詢各類專家學者、教師、出版業者,以及文字編輯、美術編輯、印刷、媒體等相關專業人員之意見。諮詢結果發現,在建構原則妥適性方面,其中適當程序原則、專業共議原則、分科建構原則、審查專用原則、程序區隔原則、適切水準原則、效度原則、具體明確原則、內在標準原則、項目獨立原則等建構原則並無太大爭議,至於質性處理原則、必要規準原則、廣泛周延原則等方面,部分諮詢對象抱持不同看法,認為審查規準的建構可以考慮併用質性與量性方式來處理審查結果,可以考慮區分必要規準與一般規準,並可以將部分教科書屬性、成分與研發過程等改由其他評鑑進行處理。基於審查的特質與目的,本研究仍建議應力求維持並遵循上述建構原則,若欲放鬆,則必須有良好的配套措施。
至於九年一貫課程社會學習領域教科書審查規準的妥適性,本研究係依據教科書審查規準建構原則進行檢核。在與規準建構程序、規準基本定位、規準結構相關的原則等方面,所建構的審查規準基本上均能符合。至於與規準內容相關的原則以及是否能發揮預期功能等方面,諮詢對象多半肯定所建構的審查規準能夠符合各該項建構原則,但提出有部分的修訂意見。
最後依據文獻分析的結果與實證研究的發現,本研究針對教科書審查規準的應用、未來建構、未來相關研究等,分別提出若干建議。 / Since there is still some unsatisfactory parts on the constructive process, methodology, structures and contents of screen-and-approval criteria(SAC) of textbooks, this study tries to explore these issues through literature analysis and questionnaire survey. The definition, functions, property, develop-and-construct model and constructive principles of SAC are discussed, and tries to construct SAC for social studies textbook of 1-9 curriculum guideline of compulsory education system is tried. The main purpose of this study is to establish the theoretical and empirical basis for the construction of SAC, and to offer reference for people who is going to construct SAC, modify SAC, or inquire the issues of the construction of SAC in future.
The screen-and-approval process of textbook is indispensable to the development of qualified textbooks in Taiwan. The major function of SAC is to assist and to restrain the screen-and-approval process, moreover it can guide the publishers to develop and publish qualified textbooks. SAC can also be a common conversation language between public and screen-and-approval institution, and be a reference material for the teachers who are being training. On the macro-dimension, the development model of SAC should include four elements : planning, constructing, implementing, and evaluating. On the micro-dimension, the construction process of SAC should follow three steps: to decide the approach of the construction of SAC, to design SAC, and to verify the validity of SAC. Through the model and process described above, the construction of SAC forms a dynamic circulating process. For the construction of and the appropriateness verification of SAC, there are 13 principles which can divide into 4 categories that must follow. The first category includes two principles that relate to constructive process that includes: 1.the construction of SAC must arrange some adaptive processes; 2.the construction of SAC must invite some experts and stakeholders to participate. The second category includes three principles that relate to constructive approach : 3.construct a subject-oriented SAC, not a generic type one; 4. construct SAC for screen-and-approval use only, not for all kinds of textbook evaluations; 5.the result of screen-and-approval must display in quality mode. The third category includes two principles that relate to the structure of SAC : 6.SAC must separate to some sections according to the stages of the screen-and-approval process; 7.all SAC must be uncompromising criteria. The fourth category includes six principles that relate to the content of SAC that includes: 8. SAC must contains all criteria that textbook screen-and-approval need to consider; 9.the standard of passing of each SAC must proper; 10.all SAC must be relevant to textbook quality and effectiveness; 11.the implication of each SAC must concrete and clear; 12. SAC must exclude the criteria that relate to practical effectiveness of textbooks; 13.all SAC must exclusive mutually. For the appropriateness verification of SAC, it is necessary to check whether the SAC can function as to assist and to restrain the screen-and-approval process, and to guide the publishers to develop and publish qualified textbooks.
In order to construct SAC of social studies textbooks of 1-9 curriculum guideline of compulsory education system, the structure of textbook SAC is established through the discussion or research about the role and function of textbook, curriculum design, and reading comprehension. The upper structure of SAC are constituted by 6 dimensions: content selection, organization structure, instructional design, communicate effectiveness of text and illustrations and tables, physical making-up, and R & D process. Each dimensions includes many criteria items. For practical application, the theoretical structure of SAC should separate to three sections: the complication planning of textbook series, the main components of individual textbook, and the other components of individual textbook. Furthermore, it is necessary to elaborate the definition and evaluative method of each SAC in a booklet, so as to be the background knowledge and evaluation basis for people who screen-and-approval textbooks.
This study tries to verify the appropriateness of the constructive principles and SAC of social studies textbooks through consults several professors, teachers, publishers and somespecialists in edition, graphic arts, typography, and courseware. For the appropriateness of constructive principles, most of them are agreed by consultants, but those three principles that the result of screen-and-approval must display in quality mode, all SAC items must to be uncompromising criteria, SAC must contains all criteria that textbook screen-and-approval need to consider, leave some rooms for arguing. Some consultants suggest the result of screen-and-approval can display in both qualitative and quantitative mode, some items of SAC can meet selectively, and some items of SAC are criteria that ought to consider in other situation of textbook evaluation. For the sake of the nature and goal of textbook screen-and-approval, it is suggested tend to persist the three principles above. If the construction of SAC don't follow those three principles, some remedies are needed.
For the appropriateness of SAC of social studies textbooks of 1-9 curriculum guideline, it can meet the constructive principles which are relevant to constructive process, approach, and structure. Most consultants agree that the SAC can meet those constructive principles which are relevant to the content and can perform the expectative functions, but some suggestions for revision are offered.
Consequently, with the outcomes of literature analysis and the findings of empirical research, some recommendations for the application, construction, research of SAC are made.
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台灣各大學人文及社會科學領域學術生產力之研究 / Study on the Scholarly Productivity of the Humanities and Social Sciences in Taiwan’s Universities詹二洋, Chan, Erh Yang Unknown Date (has links)
本研究針對台灣各大學人文及社會科學領域發表於Web of Science之SSCI、A&HCI引文索引資料庫所收錄之文獻,以書目計量學探討台灣各大學人文及社會科學領域學術生產力之研究,並針對人文及社會科學領域不同學門其學術生產方式加以分析。
依據科技部之學門分類,將人文學與社會科學領域分為21類,分別統計各領域產出相關之情形,以管理學一產出6,876篇最高,而管理學一領域同時也是產出學校數(122所)最多的領域,且以平均產出56.36篇也是最高,顯示管理學一領域相關科系為目前社會科學領域產出之主要科系。人文學與社會科學各領域文獻單一作者與多作者文獻篇數作統計結果發現,各領域間以多作者共同產出文獻為主,僅少部分領域單一作者比例高於多作者比例,以各領域平均作者人數而言,如以四捨五入後為1位者,僅文學一與哲學兩個領域,在全部21個領域中最為接近單一作者產出。其餘19個領域平均作者人數皆大於1.5人。
本研究結果為台灣各大學人文及社會科學領域學術生產力提供一個概括呈現,並協助高等教育評鑑對於全臺灣各大學社會科學領域,學術生產力概況有一背景瞭解,作為日後之評鑑參考。 / This study aims to investigate the scholarly productivity of the humanities and social sciences in Taiwan’s universities by employing a bibliometric methodology. The research data are retrieved from SCI and A&HCI database via Web of Science. In addition, this study reveals the academic production regime in different disciplines under humanities and social sciences.
According to the academic classification by the Ministry of Science and Technology in Taiwan, this study is conducted to divide the humanities and social sciences into 21 disciplines, collect the statistical data, and analyze the output in all the disciplines as well. The findings are as follows. Manegement I, with an output of 6,876 articles, leads in quantity of academic papers. Furthermore, Manegement I is also the most highly productive discipline in the fields of humanities and social sciences by the research papers from 122 colleges. As for numbers of average output papers, the discipline Manegement I, again, indicates that it is currently the main department in social science fields; an average output of 56.36 papers is the highest productivity.
Compare the multi-author documents with the sole author articles in humanities and social science fields; it is statistically found that, the majority are multi-author papers among the disciplines. Only a small proportion of single-author articles in some areas, the ratio are higher than that of the multi-author documents. In the analysis of the average numbers of authors after rounding to the nearest integer, Chinese Literature and Philosophy, with the average number of author--1, are the only two disciplines which are close to single-author output in all 21 disciplines. The average numbers of authors in the 19 remaining fields are more than 1.5 persons.
The results of the study may draw an outline for the scholarly productivity of the humanities and social sciences in Taiwan’s universities. This thesis, on the other hand, may suggest an overview for the further evaluation of the higher education in Taiwan, by building background knowledge for the disciplines under the humanities and social sciences in the universities.
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