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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
61

信用違約交換價差之影響因素:通用汽車與福特汽車之事件研究 / The Change in CDS Spread:An Event Study of the Downgrades of GM and Ford

傅以沅, Fu, Yi-Yuan Unknown Date (has links)
本文主要是討論市場上有哪些因素會影響信用違約交換的價格(價差),並且透過2005年初發生的通用汽車與福特汽車信用評等調降事件,研究信用評等的改變對於股票、債券與信用違約交換市場的影響。 一開始先介紹信用衍生性商品市場的發展。第二部份則介紹評價信用違約交換的模型,並由模型中找出可能影響信用違約交換價格的因素,並且提出公司本身發佈的消息也可能會影響價差的改變,甚至更為明顯,但沒有任何一個評價模型包含這樣一個因素。而透過對通用汽車與福特汽車事件的研究,我們發現兩家公司的股票、公司債或是信用違約交換價格(價差)都在評等調降的消息發布前已經事先反映公司經營不善的狀況,或是所面臨的困境,而在評等調降結果真正公佈的時點時,市場的反應反而沒有預期的明顯。對於公司內部發佈的消息,或是預期之外的事件,價格或價差則會大幅波動。
62

新巴塞爾協定下台灣上市/櫃公司信用風險評等與財務危機預警類神經網路模型之研究

吳志鴻 Unknown Date (has links)
長久以來,信用風險一直是各銀行經營風險中最主要的來源,而就信用風險的衡量部份,巴塞爾委員會希望國際性銀行最低限度必須採用中等複雜程度的風險計算方法。也就是希望銀行能以新巴塞爾協定中信用風險的內部評等法為基本精神建置一套內部自有的信用風險模型來評估交易對手的信用風險。 同時,由於目前國內對於自有信用風險模型的建置和效力驗證的相關研究付之闕如,故本研究以新巴塞爾協定中信用風險的內部評等基礎法為基本精神,並且應用倒傳遞類神經網路方法,建構一套有效的信用風險模型並加以驗證以期能應用於銀行授信決策系統之中,也擬扮演一拋磚引玉的角色,以期未來有更多資源投入相關研究。 首先,本研究藉由文獻探討的方式,決定模型的輸入變數,接著利用ROE來做為評斷企業總體財務表現的指標,同時使用來對上市/櫃公司進行評分,根據評分的結果,再使用K-Means方法來針對所有ROE值為正的上市/櫃公司進行評等等級的切割,以計算所有上市/櫃公司各年度的評等。 研究結果發現: (1) 利用建模資料帶入模型,分別計算每一筆資料的違約機率,也就是該公司當年度的違約機率,再將每一個等級的所有資料的PD值求平均數,即可得到代表該等級的違約機率,而此估計出的違約機率也的確能隨著評等等級的遞增而增加。 因此,當我們要判斷一間公司的違約等級時,可利用本研究所建構出的信用評等模型,估計出該公司違約機率,以判斷該公司的違約等級,以為決策者提供重要的參考依據。 (2) 信用風險預警模型在預測公司下一年度違約與否的能力上,也有不錯的預測準確率;同時,本研究利用預測結果的型I誤差、型II誤差、模型區別率和模型預測率分析來分析預警模型的效度,經實證結果得知,預警模型在效度驗證方面也能有效滿足要求。 由以上的結果得知,本研究所自行發展的信用風險評等模型與信用預警模型相關建構流程、架構與方法論,可有效應用於銀行授信決策系統之中。
63

會計師查核意見與債權投資人決策之關聯

吳玉珍, Wu, Yu Jen Unknown Date (has links)
本研究以公司當年度新增借款觀察會計師查核報告對債權投資人在決定貸款條件之影響。結果發現修正式無保留意見與借款利率具顯著正向關聯,與借款金額具顯著負向關聯,代表債權投資人視修正式無保留意見為一種負面資訊之傳遞。本研究進一步將修正式無保留意見分成重大不確定性、繼續經營假設有疑慮、重編及會計原則變動類型,發現不同的修正式無保留意見類型亦與借款條件有所關聯,其中以繼續經營假設有疑慮意見影響最大。本研究的結論為會計師查核報告對債權投資人於決定貸款合約時有所影響,債權人會依據會計師查核意見及查核報告內容決定其貸款決策。
64

產險業信用評等模式之研究-美國產險公司之實證分析

施佳華 Unknown Date (has links)
信用評等制度在美國已有百年以上歷史,而我國自民國80幾年開始發展評等制度,截至目前,僅有中華信用評等公司與台灣經濟新報社兩家公司提供評等服務,而台灣經濟新報社更將金融保險業排除於評等對象之外。站在穩定市場競爭、保障消費者權益、配合監理需求,以及輔助專案投標等方面來看,市場上的確需要一套能反映產險業行業特性之評等模式。 本文以美國接受A.M.Best評等之產險公司為研究對象,運用三種統計方法:多元區別分析(Multiple Discriminant Analysis,MDA)、羅吉斯迴歸(Unordered Logistic Regression,ULR)、順序性羅吉斯迴歸(Ordered Logistic Regression,OLR),來建構產險公司之信用評等模式。樣本選擇方面:估計樣本,選取美國1993年到1996年接受A.M.Best評等之產險公司327家;保留樣本,為1997年78筆資料。 而本文預定達成目標如下: 一、建立等級預測模型:參考Ederington(1985)所作債券等級預測模型,以獲利能力、槓桿、流動性、投資風險、準備金適足性五類指標共38個財務比率,透過三種統計模型,建構等級預測模型。 二、藉由等級預測之建立,尋找能有效區別產險公司評等等級之財務指標,並分析其影響程度。 三、力求模型公信力:無論變數選擇或權數決定,皆由統計軟體按照樣本特性選取產生,減少人為主觀判斷。 在決定研究對象之初,因考慮到國內產險公司接受評等之家數不多,且年數又太短,資料數量無法據以建立評等模式,因而決定以美國的產險公司為對象,再以台灣樣本作為保留樣本,預測之等級結果僅供參考之用。 / Three possible models of the P-L Insurers rating process are estimated and compared:1. Muitiple Discriminant Model, 2. Unordered Logistic Model, 3. Ordered Logistic Model. Each model is estimated for a sample of 327 American P-L insurance companies using the same 38 independent variables. The three estimated models are then employed to predict ratings for a holdout sample of 78 companies. The study analyzes 1993 through 1997 data for a sample of P-L insurers that acquired A.M.Best Financial strength ratings between December 31,1993, and December 31, 1997. Empirical evidence suggests that even when models with the same basic structure were compared, differences in estimation procedures resulted in quite different coefficient estimates and classifications. The muitiple discriminant model clearly outperformed the regression model, while the unordered logistic model was clearly superior to the ordered logistic model.
65

考量供應鏈整體上下游廠商之供應商評選模式 / A supplier evaluation model for considering upstream and downstream companies of the supplier in supply chain

林崑裕, Lin, Kun Yu Unknown Date (has links)
關於供應商評選模式的探討與研究,是現今於供應鏈管理中非常重要的議題,而對於國內外供應商評選的相關性研究中,往往只考量供應商本身績效,而缺乏整體性的考量,有鑑於此,當企業在評選供應商時,不僅是針對單一供應商績效的考量,而對於供應商本身上下游廠商的整體績效的考量,也是相當重要的評選因素。本研究運用資料包絡分析法(Data Envelopment Analysis, DEA)與簡易多屬性評等技術(Simple Multi-Attribute Rating, SMART),以建構較完整的供應商評選模式,協助企業的決策者選擇最適的供應商。 在進行供應商與供應商所屬的供應鏈之績效評估時,利用資料包絡分析法中的交叉模式計算供應商與供應商所屬的供應鏈之平均效率,再藉由平均效率值以排序供應商與供應商所屬的供應鏈之優先順位,但因兩者之順序會產生不一致的情形,利用SMART法中的排序加總法計算兩者之權重值,最後以加總法計算綜合效率值,依據綜合效率值加以排序以評選最適的供應商,而此兩種方法的結合, 則需透過驗證的方式以確定運用之正確性,利用系統動力學(System Dynamics, SD)以建構供應鏈之整體廠商的經營環境,模擬供應鏈整體廠商之績效評估模式,以產生模擬驗證排序,最後再將綜合排序與驗證排序,利用Spearman等級相關係數驗證其相關性,而最終證明兩排序具有高度相關性,也證實本研究所提出的供應商評選模式富有參考價值。 / The research of supplier selection model is a very important issue in supply chain management (SCM). Even though the research on supplier selection is abundant, the most works usually only consider the performance of the supplier. This situation can result in a lack of integral deliberation. Therefore, the decision-maker wants to select his vendor in the company, it is important that the decision-maker not only focus on the business unit but also add to the overall organization of the supply chain. In this paper the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and the Simple Multi-Attribute Rating (SMART) are developed to construct the effective supplier evaluation model depends upon the constituent parts of the supply chain, which may be helpful for selecting the appropriate vendor. When evaluating the performance of the supplier and the supplier’s supply chain, the cross-efficiency model of DEA is applied to compute average efficiency both the supplier and the supply chain. According to average efficiency, we can arrange the priority order that may be have the inconsistent order for the suppliers and their supply chains. The rank sum weighting of SMART is employed to determine the weights of suppliers and their chains and then the weighted method is used to calculate overall efficiency that ranking of the suppliers is obtained. Above of two methods, we must be verify the model. The System Dynamics (SD) is designed to implement the whole components of the supply chain for business environment and simulate the performance model. Based on this performance model, we can acquire a confirmation list. In the end, the Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient is provided to testify the correlation between the overall order and the confirmation list. The result of the statistic analysis is illustrated the strength of the association. The model can be tailored and applied by firms that are making decisions on supplier selection.
66

BASEL II 與銀行企業金融授信實務之申請進件模型

陳靖芸, Chen,Chin-Yun Unknown Date (has links)
授信業務是銀行主要獲利來源之一,隨著國際化趨勢以及政府積極推動經濟自由,國內金融環境丕變,金融機構之授信業務競爭日漸激烈,加上近年來國內經濟成長趨緩,又於千禧年爆發本土性金融風暴,集團企業財務危機猶如骨牌效應ㄧ樁接ㄧ樁,原因在於大企業過度信用擴張,過高槓桿操作,導致負債比率上升,面臨償債困難;還有銀行對企業放款之授信審核常有大企業不會倒閉之迷思。故如何找出企業財務危機出現之徵兆,及早防範於未然,將是本研究在建立企業授信之申請進件模型的重點之ㄧ。 此外,2002年新修定的巴塞爾資本協定主在落實銀行風險管理,國際清算銀行決定於2006年正式實行新巴塞爾協定,我國修正的「銀行資本適足性管理辦法」自民國九十五年十二月三十一日起實施,故本國銀行需要依據本身的商品特色、市場區隔、客戶性質、以及經營方式與理念等因素,去建制一套適合自己的內部風險評估系統。故本研究第二個重點即在於依據我國現有法令,做出一個符合信用風險基礎內部評等法要求之申請進件模型。 本研究使用某銀行有財務報表之企業授信戶,利用財報中的財務比率變數建立模型。先使用主成分分析將所有變數分為七大類,分別是企業之財務構面、經營能力、獲利能力、償債能力、長期資本指標、流動性、以及現金流量,再進行羅吉斯迴歸模型分析。 / Business loan is one of the main profits in the bank. But increasing business competition causes the loan process in the bank is not very serious, the bankers allow enterprise to expand his credit or has higher debt ratio, that would cause financial crises. The first point in this study is to find the symptom when enterprise has financial crises. The second point is that under the framework of New Basel Capital Accord〈Basel II〉, we try to build an application model that committed the domestic requirements. The bank should develop the fundamental internal rating-based approach that accords with its strategy、market segmentation、and customers type. This research paper uses financial variables〈ex. liquid ratio、debt ratio、ROA、ROE、… 〉to build enterprise application model. We use the principle component analysis to separate different factors which affect loan process: financial facet、ability to pay、profitability、management ability、long-term index、liquidity、and cash flow. Then, we show the result about these factors in the logistic regression model.
67

我國公司治理評等指標建立之研究

林尚志 Unknown Date (has links)
建構一套健全的公司治理評等機制,為落實公司治理相關議題的核心工作。本研究以經濟暨合作發展組織之公司治理原則、世界銀行之公司治理架構與國內外公司治理相關實證文獻作為理論基礎,透過分析量化之公司層級衡量指標,嘗試建構一套可行且適合衡量台灣企業之公司治理評等指標,以作為投資人制定投資決策與授信機構評估企業債信風險時之參考。 本研究以2002年國內523家非金融業上市公司為樣本,利用LISREL方法 (線性結構關係模式統計方法)建構台灣公司治理評等指標。分析結果共得出:股權結構構面 (盈餘股份比、專業機構投資者持股率);董事會職責構面 (盈餘席次比、外部董事席次比率、外部監察人席次數與外部董監持股率);財務透明度構面 (盈餘管理幅度、損益平穩化程度與財報重編率)等3個構面、9項衡量指標。 透過與企業當期及次期經營績效、公司價值與投資人投資風險間之關聯性實證測試,本研究發現,前項公司治理評等指標與企業之經營績效、公司價值呈顯著正相關,而與投資人投資風險呈顯著負相關。此項實證結果一方面顯示,前項公司治理評等指標愈佳,企業當期與次期之經營績效與公司價值愈高,投資人之投資風險愈低;另方面亦表示本研究所建構之公司治理評等指標對於企業之經營績效、公司價值與投資人投資風險,具有一定程度之關聯性與預測能力。 / A well-developed corporate governance ranking system is essential to implantation of corporate governance. Base on principles proposed by OECD, a framework provided by the World-Bank and empirical literature on corporate governance, this research attempts to develop a workable TCGI (herein Taiwan Corporate Governance Index or TCGI) ranking system. The purpose of provision of TCGI is to help investors and creditors to make better decisions. Using data for 523 non-banking corporations publicly traded at Taiwan Stock Exchange in 2002, and LISREL as the analytical tool, this research constructs a three-aspect (including ownership structure, responsibility of the board and financial transparency) TCGI ranking system with 9 corresponding indicators in total. The empirical results of association tests show that TCGI indicators are significantly and positively (negatively) related to operation performance and market value (the occurrence of firms encountering financial difficulties). The findings thus imply that the TCGI ranking system developed in this research may be useful in investors and creditors decision-making.
68

資訊與金融市場論文兩篇 / Two essays on information and financial markets

劉文謙, Liu, Wen Chien Unknown Date (has links)
【第一篇論文中文摘要】 本文檢測公司負債合約中的利差是否可被最終的違約後償還率所解釋。透過1962年至2007年間在美國金融市場上發行但最後卻違約的負債合約資料來進行實證,發現違約後償還率的確有反映在發行時的利差上,且此關聯性會隨著美國開放商業銀行進行證券承銷業務後隨之更加顯著。我們並且進一步發現此償還率的資訊能更加有效反映原因與發行公司的資訊不對稱程度降低有關。此外,我們同時又發現此負債合約中的利差與違約後償還率的關聯性對於公司治理較差、以及非投資等級的發行公司會更為顯著。最後,我們的實證結果在考量內生問題、潛在可能遺漏解釋變數、以及其他模型設定後,仍同樣具有堅實性。 【第二篇論文中文摘要】 本文使用臺指選擇權的日內資料來探討選擇權提前交易期間是否具有資訊內涵與價格發現的功能。就作者所知,我們是第一篇透過選擇權資料探討提前交易期間資訊內涵的研究。首先,我們分別透過價、量、與高階動差三類資訊變數指標來衡量提前交易期間的資訊內涵。實證結果顯示:選擇權提前交易期間不只能有效反映隔夜資訊 (公開資訊),且具有預測當日現貨指數開盤後5分鐘內股價指數移動的能力 (反應私有資訊),說明提前交易期間的確具有資訊內涵與價格發現的功能。此外,我們進一步發現價平選擇權包含最強的資訊內涵,此應與投資人尋求交易流動性最高的價平選擇權來迅速實現其利潤以反映其資訊有關。最後,本研究亦發現前一日海外市場 (美國) 投資人情緒傳染效果的強度會影響提前交易期間選擇權的資訊內涵,而前一日是否交易 (週末效果與假日效果)則不會影響此資訊內涵。 / 【第一篇論文英文摘要】 We investigate whether the spread of corporate debt contacts can be explained by their ultimate recovery rates. Using the actual realized recovery rates of defaulted debt instruments issued in the U.S. from 1962 to 2007, we find that recovery rate is reflected in the spread at issuance, and that this relationship has become more significant since commercial banks were allowed to underwrite corporate securities. Our further investigation indicates that the enhanced informativeness of recovery rate can be attributed to the lowering of information asymmetry of individual firms. Besides, the relation between the spread at issuance and the recovery rate is stronger for weak corporate governance and non-investment grade issuers. Our conclusions are found to be robust to endogeneity issues, potentially omitted variables and alternative model specifications. 【第二篇論文英文摘要】 This study uses tick-by-tick data to examine the information content and price discovery of TAIEX option trading during the pre-opening period. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that focuses on the options market. We construct three groups of information variables to measure the information content of the pre-opening period, including the price, volume, and high moment information variables. We find that option trading during the pre-opening period not only can reflect the overnight information (public information) but also predict the 5-minute intraday returns after the opening of spot market (private information), showing the information content and price discovery of option trading during the pre-opening period. We also find that at-the-money options contain the strongest richness of information content, which may result from its highest liquidity. Finally, we also find that the empirical results would be stronger depending on the intensity of investor sentiment from overseas (U.S. market) of last day but not the length of hours without trading (weekend and holiday effect).

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