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台灣高中階段英文課程言語行為教學之探討 / Teaching speech act in high school EFL classrooms in Taiwan: a case of invitation黃宗彥, Huang, Tsung-yen Unknown Date (has links)
在台灣,由於中學英語課程的設計大都是考試導向,教學過程中幾乎完全著重於語言形式的教導,而忽略語言使用功能的重要性,所以台灣的英語學習者在中學階段很少有機會接受語言功能教學。本研究主要是要調查間接性以及禮貌性這兩個語用功能對於邀請句式選擇的適當性是否有所影響,進而調查語言功能教學對於本國的中學生學習英語的可行性與成效性。
本研究先分析了20位美國人在間接性與禮貌性的考量之下,對邀請句式的選擇為何,以便建立美國文化在這方面的規範。然後,再以此規範,設計一套四個單元的語言功能教學課程。有135位來自台灣北部兩所高中的高一學生接受了這項課程。這兩所學校的基測成績高低不同;每間學校各有兩班學生分別接受以功能為主的教學和以結構為主的教學。
前測及後測的結果顯示語言功能教學有效地改善了台灣學生的語言功能表現。再者,語言形式選擇的適當性的確受制於間接性及禮貌性的宰制。此外,情態策略也被驗証比直接策略及暗示策略要來得困難及複雜許多。又,基測成績較高的學校的學生比基測成績較低的學校的學生在學習語言功能的過程中表現較好。整體而言,實驗結果顯示,對於以英語為外國語的學生而言,語言功能教學是有效的、可行的,也是必須的。
另外,雖然台灣學生較偏好結構為主的教學法,但是本研究發現功能為主的教學法比結構為主的教學法成效較佳。最後,從學生對於本課程的評量得知,雖然學生們覺得語言功能學習法不是很有趣,但是他們大多認為這樣的教學方法對學習英語是有幫助的,而且是重要的。 / EFL learners in Taiwan are hardly taught language functions in high schools since most of the English courses are designed in accordance with the examination-oriented goal, which is far more focused on teaching language form than on teaching language use. The purpose of the present study is to investigate whether indirectness and politeness would influence appropriate linguistic choice for invitation, and to investigate the effectiveness of teaching language functions to high school students in EFL classrooms.
In this study, 20 American subjects’ ratings of eight linguistic forms for invitation by indirectness and politeness were analyzed to obtain the American norm, based on which a four-unit program of teaching language functions was designed. 138 senior high school students from two senior high schools in northern Taiwan took a pre-test before receiving the instruction and a post-test afterwards. Two classes from each school received function-based teaching method and structure-based teaching method respectively.
The results of the pre-test and the post-test, in comparison with the American norm, indicate that teaching language functions is effective in improving Chinese students’ competence of the functional aspect of English. Next, the test results verify that the appropriate choice of linguistic forms is indeed influenced by politeness and indirectness, although these two functional factors are not in a systematic relationship. Moreover, Modality strategy is found to be more difficult and more complex than Direct strategy and Hinting strategy. In addition, although the students from the school of high BCT scores tend to perform better than those from the school of low BCT scores, students of both schools made significant improvement in learning the concepts of indirectness and politeness. The findings given above imply that teaching language functions to high school students in EFL classrooms is feasible, necessary, and effective.
In addition, according to the results of the general evaluations to this teaching program offered by the students and the English teachers involved, although the Taiwanese students showed preference to structure-based method, function-based method is verified to be more effective. In conclusion, the students’ and the teachers’ evaluations of this program indicate that learning language functions may not be interesting, but it is helpful and important to the students.
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華語語言功能教學的學習成效研究 / Teaching language functions to learners of Mandarin as a second language陳惠芳, Chen, Hui Fang Unknown Date (has links)
傳統的語言教學,著重於語言技能的學習成效,忽略語言功能的重要性,對於新興學科華語教學而言此一現象尤為明顯。為使華語學習者使用目標語時,其正確性與適切性能獲得均衡的提升,因此本研究以語言功能理論為基礎,進行語言功能教學實驗,並預期其語言功能學習成效將對華語/華人的態度帶來正向改變。
本研究以2011年寒假華裔青年短期語文班的11名學員為對象,進行研究與教學實驗,學員來自紐澳,均以英語為第一語,華語能力為該營隊次高級程度。教學分實驗組與對照組,兩組語言形式教學的部分由該語文班同一名教師進行教學;語言功能部分由研究者對實驗組進行教學。教學實驗內容以影響語言風格之不同正式程度的語碼形式為切入點,運用歸納法引導學生發現5種語碼形式的規律,並運用演繹法教授擇用的原則。
本研究共設計4份問卷,以調取研究所需之資料。包括受試者的基本資料、對華語/華人的態度、華語學習成效(含功能與形式)以及華語學習動機。其中針對態度與學習成效進行前後測。
經數據統計分析,本研究大部分的假設都獲得了驗證,包括:(1)語言功能的觀念可以透過課堂學習獲得;(2)語言功能教學可提升受試者對語言功能的注意;(3)語言功能的學習成效高,其語言形式的學習成效也提升;(4)受試者的華語功能學習成效、華語使用頻率、華人文化背景為正相關。至於受試者的華語功能學習成效與華語學習動機之間的關係則未獲驗證。但是透過個別訪談,實驗組學生都對此次教學活動持肯定態度。
本研究的結論是語言功能可以透過堂內系統化的方式進行教學,教學後改善了對華語/華人的語言態度,足證語言功能教學的必要性。此外本研究為語言功能教學建立了可用的教學設計,並對華裔的背景與其華語學習情況有更具體的了解:(1)華裔青年使用華語的頻率在對象、地點與話題的範疇中,以對象為主導;(2)華裔青年與華人傳統文化之間的關係是疏遠的;(3)華裔青年的華語能力與華語使用頻率、華語能力與對華人文化的理解、華人文化的理解與華人態度成正相關。
本研究在第四章中也對華裔華語教學提出各種具體建議,大致可歸納為:(1)教學設計應考量華裔在不同範疇中使用華語的頻率;(2)將節慶儀式操演納入教學,並重視清明節的介紹;(3)除了教材內的書面語/口語語碼形式的對照,也可由學生蒐集真實語境中的書面語語料進行補充教學。
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