共享服務的概念起源於歐美國際企業，企業或集團基於成本效益及政策考量下，己成為面對競爭的重要政策。集團企業也在此風潮下，進行財務、資訊及人力資源等各功能的「共享服務」。 本研究想探討集團企業為保有競爭力，進行「共享服務」時，在資源整合上所做的變革，並分析其各階段之過程、組織架構、服務內容，並進而歸納出集團企業「共享服務」的範圍、內部環境、效益等，並探討在組織上之影響及其策略上之意涵。 本研究為個案研究方式，以台灣本土集團在資源共享的努力與實踐，進行全面的研究與探討，並輔以國內、外相關文獻，探究「共享服務」對組織發展的影響。 研究顯示，Ａ集團因所處總體環境不同，產生不同型態的「共享服務」，也是Ａ集團能屹立不搖將近50年的重要原因。「共享服務」的建置，最重要的是高層主管的支持、集團文化與集團內部環境的配合；「共享服務」對組織的影響，不管在組織、人才、專業、成本及綜效方面都有很好的績效，但仍應注意公司治理上的問題。

國民閱讀力是一個國家很重要的競爭力，國民閱讀力也是一個國家最有效益的投資項目。網際網路的發達促使地球村的生活圈更為緊密，因此群體生活中的個體都要有解決問題的能力，但面對多元及瞬息萬變的資訊快速變化世代，要擁有帶得走的閱讀能力才是讓未來學子應付社會變化的基本能力。 國中生介於兒童與成人磨合期，生理上的改變也影響到心理及對知識的需求。面對十二年國教來臨，師生的互動模式也有了改變，因此教學現場的老師教、學生學單行道方式默默地修正了，而要滿足教學現場的變化就要讓國中生有更完整的資訊素養。 資訊素養的養成需要完善的配套措施做配合，硬體上可由公共圖書館與國民中學圖書館提供圖書資訊的服務；軟體上，課程教學的設計規劃及圖書資訊利用教育的教導，都是讓國中生擁有資訊素養很重要的基礎架構。國民中學圖書館主要是服務全校師生，在經費和資源上確實受限於政府資源及圖書資訊專業能力，公共圖書館主要的服務對象是全體民眾，在經費和圖書資訊專業能力相較更為充裕，配合資訊素養的螺旋性課程規劃，若能讓國民中學圖書館與公共圖書館社區資源共享，相信可以營造書香的社會及培育國中擁有帶得走的終身學習能力。 本研究探討國外的南韓、新加坡、香港三個國家，國內的台北市、新北市、高雄市三個公共圖書館，就國民中學圖書館與公共圖書館社區資源共享的狀況，透過國內外的文獻探討與基隆市的現況做對照討論，讓未來社區資源共享的規畫更為妥善。 基隆市有台灣首座的私立公共圖書館，基隆地理位置有其歷史性，但氣候潮濕多雨影響了國中生戶外活動的機會，而行政轄區位於大台北生活區的邊緣地帶，因此如何增加學生休閒活動的場所，滿足學生在資源貧乏下的閱讀需求，國民中學圖書館與公共圖書館就得承擔起責任。 研究結果發現： (1)基隆市國民中學圖書館與公共圖書館社區資源共享有40%。 (2)社區資源共享的類型主要為「與作家有約」。 (3)國民中學圖書館與公共圖書館社區資源共享的動機及需求很強烈。 最後，本研究亦提出針對國民中學圖書館與公共圖書館社區資源共享後續研究可以討論的方向與目標。 / National reading ability is a very important competitiveness of a country, and it is also a most effective investment for a country. Internet promotes global village living area more closely, so the individual should have the ability to solve problems. In order to face the diversity and rapid changes in information generation, it is nessary to have the ability of reading comprehension. Middle school students are at the run-in period between children and adults period, changes of the physical edffect psychological needs and knowledge needs. With the coming of 12-year compulsory education policy, the teacher-student interaction mode has also been changed. One way mode that teachers teach and students learn amended, and it’s necessary to cultivate the information literacy of middle school students. To improve students’ information literacy do need the coordination and cooperation between the public libraries and the national middle school libraries. Both of the libraries can provide library and information services to the students on hardware part, and provide curriculum and teaching design or library instruction on software part. And both parts are the basis of information literacy. National middle school libraries service mainly on teachers and students, so the government funding and resources are indeed limited. The main target of public libraries is the entire population, and compared to school libraries, government funding and professional capacity are abundant. If middle school libraries and public libraries can share the resources with each other, and also implement the information literacy curriculum with spiral planning at the same time, the scholarly community can be created and middle school students can be cultivated with reading comprehension ability. This study investigate the resources sharing between national middle school libraries and public libraries of overseas areas, South Korea, Singapore and Hong Kong and also three domestic areas including Taipei, New Taipei and Kaohsiung. Through the literature review of resource sharing between libraries, and compared it with the situation of keelung, a better future plan can be make. Although there is a Taiwan's first private public library in Keelung and it has historic location, the humid and rainy weather and the frontier location of Taipei City affecte the middle school students’ opportunities of outdoor activities. Therefore, national middle school libraries and public libraries have the responsibility to increase students' leisure activities places and meet the students need of reading. The results found that: (1) 40% national middle school libraries and the public libraries share community resources. (2) the main types of shared community resource is the speech of "about the writer." (3) the motivation and demand of community resources sharing between national middle school libraries and public libraries are very strong. At the end of this study, issues of the community resources sharing between national middle school libraries for follow-up study are suggested.

本研究的研究目的有六，首先，探討國民小學與社區資源共享的理論基礎；其二，研究臺北市國民小學與社區資源共享的情形；其三，瞭解臺北市國民小學與社區資源共享的相關作法；其四，分析學校行政人員、教師和社區人士對臺北市國民小學與社區資源共享的看法；其五，探析臺北市國民小學與社區資源共享的困難所在；其六，綜合研究發現，提出對臺北市國民小學與社區資源共享的建議。為達此研究目的，本研究進行相關文獻探討，並針對臺北市公立國民小學所屬社區進行訪談和問卷調查。 在資料分析上，訪談的資料以描述性方式記錄，問卷和調查表主要以次數百分比、卡方考驗和Cochran Q 考驗進行分析。經研究結果與分析發現： （一）系統理論、實用主義以及教育社會學為國民小學與社區資源共享之理論基礎。 （二）臺北市國民小學與社區資源共享之情形：1.國小使用社區資源方面，最常使用的「人的資源」為家長，「事的資源」為節慶活動，「物的資源」為自然環境；2.社區使用國小資源方面，最常使用的「人的資源」為學校行政人員、「事的資源」為運動會、「物的資源」為操場；3.就目前而言，學校與社區資源共享情形普遍，頻率頗高。 （三）臺北市國民小學與社區資源共享之相關作法：1.相關作法包括社區家庭教育、田園教學、建構校園與學區安全、校園開放和學校日等；2.多數學校人員和社區人士對資源共享相關政策持肯定意見多；3.多數學校人員贊成校園開放，而校園髒亂、資源受損、安全考量和經費問題是校園開放最大的問題；4.學校推行校園開放政策時，以不影響學校運作為原則。 （四）學校人員和社區人士對國民小學與社區資源共享之看法：1.不同的教育界服務年資對「國小與社區資源共享的情形感到滿意」的看法有顯著差異；2.多數填答者一致認為國小的校務經營與社區的發展具有非常密切的關係、國小與社區資源共享非常重要、可以發展學校和社區獨特的特色、增加彼此的認同與和諧、促進學校社區化與社區學校化、可以拓展學生的多元學習經驗、促進社區人士終身學習等等；3.資源共享的缺點在學校安全問題、學校環境和設備維護問題、增加學校人力和財力負擔、家長干擾學校運作。 （五）臺北市國民小學與社區資源共享之困難和可行方法：1.學校方面的困難包括「學校經費有限」、「資源共享會對學校運作造成干擾」、「資源共享導致學校資源受損」；2.教師方面的困難包括「教師工作繁重，沒有時間配合」、「教師對所在社區的資源不瞭解」、「教師本身無意願」；3.學生方面的困難包括「學生安全的顧慮」、「班級人數過多，導致動員困難」、「學生參與意願低」；4.社區方面的困難包括「社區無法提供有系統的資源」、「家長仍有智育掛帥的觀念」、「社區缺乏參與管道和方法」；5.可行方法為建立雙方資源資料庫、成立專責聯繫單位、有關機關應倡導資源共享的理念和作法、制訂相關法令規定，另外，舉辦活動則是促進學校和社區資源共享和交流互動最好的方式。 研究者根據文獻探討和本研究的發現，提出以下建議： （一）對上級主管教育機關的建議：1.訂定更明確的相關法令規定；2.宣導資源共享的理念和作法；3.編列預算，給予經費補助。 （二）對學校的建議：1.建立校內共識，以提升配合意願，並訂定詳細的資源共享規定；2.建立學校資源資料庫；3.成立專責聯繫單位、運用現有組織、或在各處室成立委員會負責聯繫推行；4.善用家長資源與社區保持聯繫。 （三）對社區的建議：1.成立專責聯繫單位或運用現有組織負責推行；2.建立社區資源資料庫；3.運用各種管道與學校保持聯繫；4.提升社區居民的公德心。 （四）對未來研究的建議：1.在研究對象方面，可以擴大研究對象的範圍至臺北縣市、或全國的國民小學，此外，也可研究國民中學或其他層級的學校與社區資源共享的情形。2.在研究內容方面可針對資源共享對學校效能的影響，或對學生學習效果的影響等，進行更進一步的探討。

國立臺灣圖書館於2012年12月啟用「視障電子資源整合查詢系統」，為視障資源整合開啟合作的開端，為瞭解臺灣地區提供視障資源服務的公共圖書館、大學圖書館及私立視障機構間之資源分享意向，本研究採取質性研究方法，以立意選擇視障資源服務較具規模者，共12個單位，以訪談方式進行研究調查。最後提出4個面向的研究建議，作為相關機構訂定計畫及服務之參考。 研究結果分為三個面向分述如下： 一、我國視障資源書目採集中式聯合目錄方式提供 (一)視障電子資源整合查詢系統：對機構而言，可避免重覆購買及重覆 製作，但需考量製作書籍所產生的時間差問題。對讀者來說，增加 了搜尋館藏的途徑，但是在介面上需要更加親和。 (二)視障機構參與視障資源館藏書目共享的意向與困難 1.訪談的12所機構均表示願意參與書目共享和合作：認為書目共享已可 滿足視障者找尋資料的需求，以及各館都有共識不重覆製作及錄製書 籍。 2.整合所遭遇的困難，是技術層面、心理層面及對整合所抱持的期待的 問題。 (1)書目的提供能以API方式介接，而API的經費能獲得補助。 (2)資源少的館希望盡快成立合作組織增加服務資源。 (3)館藏多的單位要求績效與回饋。 二、資源共享與館際互借 (一)電子全文難以共享，需要單一認證機制；實體書借用以瞽者文件方 式進行較有效率。 (二)訂定合作組織的目標、意義、角色與功能。 三、視障資源合作共享模式的建立：書目資源採用集中式，服務採用分 散式，專責圖書館需建立輔導機制 (一)書目資源採用集中式，服務採用分散式較為可行。 (二)視障資源的製作與錄製有其專業性，盲用電腦的不斷發展，二者都 需要專責圖書館的輔導與支援。 / National Taiwan Library launched Visual Impairment Information System in December 2012 which started the integration of visual impairment resources. To realize the intension of resources sharing in the public libraries, university libraries and private organizations which have alternative formats materials available in Taiwan. The study adopt qualitative interview research method, and choose 12 units which provide services to visually impaired people with quite scale. The study gets results in three aspects: I. Bibliographies of visually impaired materials are offered by centralized union catalog. 1.Visual Impairment Information System: First, it can be not to buy and produce materials in duplicate with respect to organizations. But timing of producing alternative materials is still need to be considered. Second, there is another way to find materials, but the interface of the system should be more friendly with respect to readers. 2.The intensions and difficulties of sharing and cooperation of visually impaired organizations. (1)12 units have the same responses of willing to participate in the cooperation: The need can be satisfied with bibliographical sharing when visually impaired people find materials. Every organization has the same opinion not to produce and to record books in duplicate. (2)There are three aspects of difficulties of sharing and cooperation: systematic, mental and expectant difficulties. 1)Bibliographies can be connected and accessed by API program, and the library designate provides the cost of API program. 2)The organization with less resources hope to cooperate as soon as possible to increase resources for available. 3)The organization with rich resources demand for performance, achievement and feedback. II. Resources sharing and interlibrary loan 1.Electronic full-text materials are hard to share, and access the materials with single authentication. 2.Providing home delivery service of print materials in alternative formats and audio books will have been more efficient. 3.Formulate the goals, meanings, roles and functions of cooperated organizations. III. The model of sharing and cooperation in visually impaired resources 1.Centralized union catalog and distributed services are recommended. 2.Producing materials in alternative formats is professional. Blind-used computers are developing continuously. Library designate should give advice, assistance and supports.

臺灣地區公共圖書館自動化系統連結的模式，以縣市文化局(文化中心)與鄉鎮圖書館連結，共用一套系統運作為最主要的模式。此種模式自1996年開始推動建置以來，已經提供給縣市民眾一證通用、聯合書目館藏資料庫查詢等服務，部分縣市也開始進行館際互借、互還的準備作業，進一步利用共用系統所提供的功能。完成各縣市公共圖書館自動化系統的階段後，如何整合各縣市公共圖書館的自動化系統，提供跨系統資訊交換，促進不同縣市公共圖書館的館際合作事宜，以及擴大讀者跨縣市使用公共圖書館的館藏資源，是本研究進行的動機。 本研究的目的，在調查瞭解臺灣地區公共圖書館運用圖書館系統進行的狀況及館際間交流問題，蒐集歸納圖書館自動化系統對跨館際作業方面的功能、架構及相關標準之運用，分析不同跨系統整合模式的優、缺點及可行性，以建置臺灣地區公共圖書館自動化系統整合模式的作業方式，提供給公共圖書館、主管政府機關決策及廠商開發系統相關功能的參考。並引用其他資訊領域相關技術及概念，勾勒圖書館自動化系統未來的發展方向及建議。 本研究採用文獻分析、問卷調查及資訊系統分析等研究方法。問卷調查以公共圖書館之系統管理人員或主管為主，包括國立圖書館及各縣市級公共圖書館，為使調查數據精確與客觀，輔以調查系統廠商與大型大學圖書館之系統館員。 本研究之結論，建議公共圖書館自動化系統跨系統整合架構：(一)、以共用一套系統，(二)、設置「中心系統」供同質系統連結，以及(三)、設置「中心系統」供異質系統連結等架構方式為主。整合的區域範圍以生活圈為較適合的範圍，未來可擴大至整個臺灣地區。整合系統的功能面，除了促使廠商遵循相關標準發展系統外，建議參考不同領域之資訊應用層用，以讀者需求為導向，並可以考量資訊委外及圖書館自動化系統採用「應用系統供應服務」(Application Service Provider，簡稱ASP)模式，以減少公共圖書館資訊管理專業人力缺乏的問題。 / The main connective model of the public libraries automation system in Taiwan area is an integrated model connected between the municipal and county cultural bureaus (cultural centers) and rural libraries with one mutually automated system. Since its setup in 1996, the model has provided library patrons of all cities and counties with services of the union bibliographic database and one library card to be used at all libraries. Some counties and cities have also prepared to advance the interlibrary loan service and utilize the functions of the common library automation system. The motive of the study is to find out the integration of the public library automation in every county and city, to the provision of the intersystem information exchange, the promotion of the public library cooperation, and the expansion of the cross utilization of collections resources of public libraries all over Taiwan when the public library automation system has been completed in every county and city. The purposes of the study are: to investigate and find out the state of art of the operation of library automation systems of public libraries in Taiwan area and the interlibrary exchange problems, to collect and generalize functions, structures and related standards of interlibrary processes of the library automation system, and to analyze advantages and shortcomings and feasible methods of each intersystem integrated model, so as to work out a union model of public libraries integrated automation system in Taiwan area for reference by public libraries, government institutions and factories in their decision making and system development. Forthermore, the study tries to make an outline of the future development trends of the library automation system and offer some proposals on the basis of other information related technology and conceptions. The document analysis, questionnaires, information system analysis and other approaches are used for the research. The questionnaires are collected mainly from the library system management staffs or chiefs including national libraries and municipal and county public libraries. In addition, similar questions are also asked to system librarians, information system factories and college system librarians in order to make the data more accurate and objective. The conclusions of this study suggest three intersystem integrated structures of the public library automation system: “one” system, one “central system” set up for connecting with other uniform systems, and one system to connecting non-uniform systems (with at least one of the connected libraries available with a “central system”). The applicable area range of the integration is preferably life circle area, and may be expanded to the whole Taiwan area in the future. As to functions of the integration system, in addition to promoting factories, developing the system on the basis of the relative standards, suggestions are made for applications of information technology in other domains and in compliance with patron-oriented needs. Public libraries can also consider information outsourcing and adopt ASP (Application Service Provider) mode for the library automation system, so as to help out the lack of information management professional staffs.

1990年代學術圖書館面對內部與外部環境的競爭壓力與革新趨勢，圖書館聯盟的觀念與需求又再度受重視。本研究主要以1990年代興起且以電子資源共享為合作主軸的圖書館聯盟組織為研究範圍。採用個案研究法，選擇美國OhioLINK聯盟、大陸地區CALIS聯盟及國內CONCERT聯盟作為個案研究對象。 本研究目的旨在探討1990年代電子資源共享圖書館聯盟的營運特質、合作服務議題、營運策略規劃及營運模式。主要研究結果與貢獻：提出1990年代新興電子資源共享圖書館聯盟之策略規劃模式及營運模式架構，可作為圖書館聯盟實務營運規劃時之參考。電子資源共享圖書館聯盟營運模式包含三大營運構面、20項構面要件，以及14項合作服務項目及11項行動策略項目。 1.營運構面，包括：組織背景與資源、組織活動與成果，以及組織策略與管理等三大構面； 2.構面要件，包括：緣起背景與合作動機、聯盟會員、組織結構、組織資源、組織經費、技術與資訊基礎建設、服務對象與層級、合作服務項目、活動成果、外部環境評估與內部組織檢測、需求評鑑、共同願景、使命宣言、核心價值、任務目標、行動方案、領導管理、核心議題管理、組織變革，以及組織評鑑等20項； 3.合作服務項目，包括：資訊資源硬體/軟體合作開發及標準化發展、合作採購、合作館藏發展、合作典藏與管理、聯合合作編目、聯合目錄、館際互借、文獻傳遞、線上合作參考諮詢服務、教育訓練、技術支援、諮詢與顧問指導、數位化圖書館服務與管理，以及遠距學習與服務等14項； 4.行動策略項目，包括：強調關鍵技術或能力之轉移、強調資源有效分配、擴大資訊取用途徑、共同談判與合作協議、重視使用權處理與合約管理、強調市場合作策略、強調對內與對外夥伴關係之建立、重視行銷推廣、凝聚會員共識與組織承諾、擁有高度管理統籌權，以及強調成本效益分析等11項。 本研究建議：一為建議政府相關部會建立全國電子資源共享之總資源規劃與分配策略，以有效整合聯盟資源並進行整體化建設。同時，建立全國圖書館聯盟管理中心、編列專款預算科目、健全圖書館聯盟組織結構與功能發展以提昇聯盟營運效能；二為建議國內學術圖書館聯盟擴大資源共享合作服務範圍與夥伴關係經營範疇，以創造聯盟組織最大經濟效益。同時，重視領導管理與決策品質，並且建立組織營運績效衡量機制；三則呼籲凝聚聯盟會員的共識與團隊力，共同建立聯盟組織的自主性與自發性營運功能，將有限資源發揮最大效益。 / In the 1990s, academic libraries were faced with pressure to compete and a tendency towards renovation. The concept and demands of library consortium once again received serious attention. This study’s research scope is the rise and development of electronic resources sharing for cooperation with main library consortium organizations in the 1990s. The method of case study was used, and the United States’ OhioLINK, Mainland China’s CALIS, and the domestic CONCERT were used as the case research subjects. The purpose of this research is to investigate the special characteristics of the operation of electronic resources sharing library consortium during the 1990s and their cooperative service issues, strategic planning, and modes of operation. The primary research results and contributions addressed the structure of strategic planning and modes of operation for electronic resources sharing library consortium in the 1990s. This can then be used as a reference for when library consortium does practical service and operations planning. The modes of electronic resources sharing library consortium include: 1.Operational Structure: The three big aspects are background and resources of organizations, activities and achievements, and strategies and management. 2.There are twenty items of important structural documents: origins of backgrounds and motives for cooperation, consortium members, organization’s structure, organization’s resources, organization’s expenses, establishment of information foundations, service targets, cooperative service items, activities and achievements, evaluations of the external environment and examinations of internal organizations, demand reviews, common hopes and expectations, mission declarations, core value, assignment objectives, movement plans, leadership management, management of core issues, organization transformations, and reviews of organizations. 3.The cooperative service items include these 14 items: cooperative development and standardized development of information resource hardware and software, joint purchases, cooperative collection development, cooperative catalogues, union catalogs, interlibrary loans, document delivery, online reference desk services, education and training, technical support, advice and consulting guidance, digital library services and management, and distance learning and services. 4.The 11 items of movement strategy include: emphasizing the transfer of key technologies and abilities, emphasizing effective resource distribution, expanding access to resources, joint licensing and joint agreements, placing importance on using power to cope and contractual management, emphasizing market cooperation strategies, emphasizing the establishment of internal and external companion relationships, placing importance on popularizing sales, cohering to the members’ common consensus and organization agreements, possessing high level management powers for overall planning, and emphasizing cost-benefit analysis. This study recommends: 1.) In order to establish head resource planning and distribution strategies for nation-wide electronic resource sharing, establish nation-wide library consortium management centers, line up funding, and make sturdy library consortium organizational structures and capabilities. 2.) In order to make recommendations for the cooperative service scope and companion relationship operation categories of CONCERT expanded resource sharing, place importance upon leadership management and the quality of policy making. In addition, establish a measurement system for organization operation results. 3.) Appeal for the coherence to the common consensus of consortium members. Collectively establish the operational capability of consortium organizations to be autonomous and spontaneous to bring limited resources into full play with the greatest possible results.