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社會運動中的法意識: 以中科三期的法律動員為中心 / Law in Movement: Legal mobilization in CTSP (3rd Stage) Dispute江可捷, Chiang, Ko Chieh Unknown Date (has links)
本研究聚焦反對中科三期建廠的個案,採用法律與社會的研究取徑敘述社會運動者的法意識與法律動員歷程。2010年,當臺中后里農民拿到確認勝訴判決時,以為中科三期會就此停工。後續,行政院環保署、國科會提出了「停工不停產」等等解釋,說明中科三期毋須停工,引發各界討論。前述判決是針對中科三期的后里基地七星農場的開發行為而生,此開發行為的環境影響評估於2006年一階段有條件通過,經臺北高等行政法院、最高行政法院分別於2008年、2010年判決撤銷環評結論,這也是環境影響評估法實施以來撤銷環評結論的首例。
2006年,因為環評委員的揭露,反對興建中科三期的居民、律師與環保團體開始集結,在環評審查時便出席會議、表達意見;環評通過後,提起行政訴訟,勝訴後,仍然必須走上街頭開記者會、抗議政府作為。這條路,一走就是五年多。環評法於1994年立法完成,開啟了社會運動體制內參與的途徑,在1990年代之後,環境運動開展了體制內、體制外並進的策略。
為何勝訴判決之後,人民還需走上街頭?本研究的問題意識是:法律/法意識(legal consciousness)在社會運動中扮演何種角色?回顧既有研究,法律人類學、法意識、法律動員(legal mobilization)開展出觀看社會中實際運作法律的視角。本研究則意在探討中科三期運動者的法意識,引入中科三期法律動員的過程,結合理論敘述中科三期的故事,也發展法意識與法律動員理論的對話可能。
敘事的基礎,是本研究以中科三期為個案收集的資料,研究一開始收集運動者的投書、新聞及法律案件以及理論閱讀;之後開展參與觀察與深度訪談。經過文獻與經驗的思考,本研究觀察到中科三期體制內、體制外路線並進的特點,並著重運動者在其中的法意識「轉換」,同時,法律策略的內涵與運作也是探討中科三期法律動員的重心。回顧運動者法意識的變遷。思考集體行動的邏輯與經驗後,我認為命名(naming)與行動是個人連結集體的樞紐。
我認為法意識與法律動員是一體兩面而不可分視的,我提出「理解社會運動中的法意識」分析框架,並且依著這個框架分析中科三期的歷程:「命名與行動」是運動者認知社會結構以及動員的階段;「策略行動」則描述法律策略的形成、擬定過程,運動者在此時會接觸成文法律構成的體制,進而在體制的情境中形成法律策略;而第三階段「變遷與轉化」呈現了動員、接觸體制後運動者法意識的變遷,進而反饋到法律動員的意義與策略決定。
本研究探究律師、農民與環保團體等12位運動者的法意識,一開始,這三群人動員的理由各不相同,接觸體制之後,會因為法律知識以及既有經驗形成分工、溝通與動員的模式,而運動者也會產生為體制背書的焦慮。最後,運動者的法意識會有不同程度的變遷,律師認為自己不只是律師,傾向思考體制的變革;農民則在行動中認識、主張自己的權利;環保團體則發現體制的侷限,重新回到社會之中尋找社會結構的變革可能。
法律在社會運動中是對立雙方的衝突界線,而浮沉在成文法律與法律動員背後的是運動者要對抗的權力關係。本研究將中科三期運動者的行動歸納為三波法律動員,指出法律動員的基礎與具體內涵。一開始,中科三期的運動者普遍具有不信任政府的想法,在運用法律後,法律動員慢慢成形,最後因為體制內的經驗,強化不信任政府的想法,並形塑法律工具觀。法律工具觀意指以法律為武器、工具的法意識,這是源自於運動者心中更高的運動目標。而正因為法律工具觀的存在,我們可以決定法律的內涵,發掘法律對人們的意義,找出法律的形式與實質之間富含的生命力,這些必須要探索人們的法意識才能得知。
基此,我談及運動者法意識與法律動員的三層觀察,我以行動與結構的分析概念入手,觀察行動者所處的情境。在動員與運用法律的過程中,我們可以觀察運動者的法意識,這個法意識又呈現了社會結構;因為有著更高的運動目標,運動者的行動與話語會轉化法律、權利的內涵,行動的同時,也可以觀察法律動員對運動的限制與推進,不過,法律不完全限制行動者,行動者也不完全轉化法律;因為最後運動目標會限制運動者對法律的運用。
法律是社會運動中衝突雙方的底線,而中科三期事件中呈現了人們以工具看待法律,同時又引入法律希望解決糾紛、表達訴求。環評法一開始是國家應對社會力量興起的產物,後來,中科三期事件發展中,社會力量使用法律對抗國家,激起了法律與社會落差的動員力量;但是僅用成文法律作為命名的資源,是不足以持續社會的力量,因此社會運動必須從對抗的對象回到自身,重新尋找糾紛的來處以及命名的方向。
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民族發展及其文學史—紐西蘭毛利民族與台灣原住民族的比較 / The Development of Ethnicity and its History of Literature: A Comparison of New Zealand Māori People and Taiwan Indigenous Peoples梁文, Liang, Wen (Lawa Iwan) Unknown Date (has links)
本論文的研究為文學史,藉由紐西蘭毛利民族文學史與台灣原住民族文學史作為比較。法國文學家泰納指出,文學的產生均有其時代與社會的背景,文學史即是實證主義方法。本論文以「全貌觀」的視角,將民族運動作為時間軸,先探討兩民族社會脈絡,再研討文學史的發展。
兩民族歷經同化政策,曾發展民族意識未覺醒的民族文學。民族運動時期,毛利民族訴求土地、自然資源及語言。台灣原住民族則身處戒嚴,因此探究的議題即是民族的生存權益。民族運動後,紐國經濟不景氣及毛利民族的補助聲浪,於是發展「反省」文學。而台灣原住民族諸多議題已階段性達成,湧現一批返鄉熱潮,分別有族語及政論創作。
台灣戒嚴看似延宕民族權益的發展,然而實際上台灣原住民族的民族邊界比毛利民族來的清晰。毛利民族比台灣原住民族早於一百餘年歷經同化政策,並發展「認同論」的民族認定。再者,毛利民族語言及部落經驗急速消逝,文學也發展「內部」的創作議題。雖然毛利民族運動走在前端,但是伴隨都市化及疏離其民族文化,驅使毛利民族成為民族性質薄弱的「概念民族」。唯有回到穩定及具有內聚力量的民族語言,才有辦法在時間洪流裡體現民族的主體性。目前,台灣原住民族尚未走到紐國的經驗。但倘若持續未意識到民族語言的重要性,極有可能步上毛利民族的經驗。 / The aim of the thesis, The Development of Ethnicity and its History of Literature: A Comparison of New Zealand Māori People and Taiwan Indigenous Peoples, is to compare the ethnic developments of the New Zealand Maori and Taiwan’s indigenous peoples, and further characterize the history of their literature. Before the New Southbound Policy, researchers have been devoted to contributing abundant Maori research. However, many of them only chose a certain topic to write about, ignoring other perspectives or orientations, which only revealed the tip of the iceberg. For this reason, the thesis ascertained other aspects with a holistic approach. Several similarities exist between the Maori and Taiwan’s indigenous peoples: both were Austronesian peoples, and share similar languages and cultures. In addition, they both undergone colonization and launched ethnic movements to regain their rights.
The thesis is divided into three periods, which are before the ethnic movement, during the ethnic movement, and after the ethnic movement. Each chapter demonstrates its social context and the significant ethnic writers at that time. The thesis first illustrates Maori and Taiwan indigenous peoples’ unawakened ethnic consciousness through their literary writings. During the ethnic movement, both ethnic groups launched the ethnic movement and published their political perspectives during political and economic instability. Afterwards, the Maori and Taiwan’s indigenous peoples share different values in accordance with different social context after their respective ethnic movement. Finally, the thesis examines their social contexts and their literature through three aspects of ethnic literature, which are identity, language, and theme.
The thesis is composed of seven chapters. The introduction reviews the purpose of the study, its motivation, and the background. Chapter 1 and Chapter 2 provide an overview of ethnic certification, the status of ethnic language, and the distribution of Maori and Taiwan’s indigenous peoples. Chapter 3 and Chapter 4 depicts Maori and Taiwan indigenous peoples’ social contexts and literature respectively. By comparing both ethnic groups, Chapter 5 shows their similarities and differences. Conclusions are drawn in Chapter 7. The conclusion offer incentives and disincentives from the Maori’s experience, which could be the inspiration for Taiwan’s indigenous peoples.
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印尼留台學生在促進印台關係中的角色 / The Role of Indonesian Students in Enhancing Indonesia-Taiwan Relations平亞諦, Putri, Ardila Unknown Date (has links)
本研究的主要目的是考察印尼學生在他們的學生組織中如何扮演促進印尼與台灣之間關係的角色。本論文用公共外交的概念與分析框架,以作者在台就學之便親身參與各項印尼學生組織活動的經驗觀察所得,結合相關的文獻分析,最後發現,印尼學生在促進印台關係中扮演三種角色:1. 強化兩國人民的關係;2. 增進彼此的瞭解;3. 提升了兩國彼此在對方民眾與社會中的能見度與形象。而印尼學生之所以可以在台灣非穆斯林社會達到這樣的成果,主要歸功於:1. 印尼社群的互助傳統(gotong-royong)變成他們在台灣推動組織工作的社會資本;2. 在台灣的印尼移工與學生社群對這些服務的需求;3. 駐台北印尼經濟貿易辦公室、台灣政府以及各個大學學務單位的多方的支持與協助。 / The main objective of this study is to examine the role Indonesian students in Indonesian student organizations in Taiwan have played in enhancing the relationship between Indonesia and Taiwan. This thesis explores and details some of the activities of Indonesian students as they study in Taiwan, and examines how these activities have contributed to bridging and increasing the volume of people-to-people relations between the two countries, as well as how the associations and their activities have indirectly enhanced mutual understanding between Taiwanese and Indonesians. This thesis adopts the new public diplomacy and relational public diplomacy framework. Some data were collected during the researcher’s participation in Indonesian student associations and activities. Other data were gathered via discussion with several prominent Indonesian student association leaders. For the document analysis, this research uses Indonesian student organization document reports, Indonesia and Taiwan government reports, statistical data, newspapers, and websites. This thesis suggests that there are three roles Indonesian students play in bridging the relationship between Indonesia and Taiwan: (1) strengthening people-to-people relations (2) bridging mutual understanding (3) increase visibility and positive image. In addition, this thesis shows that there are three factors leading Indonesian students to establish their associations and conduct their activities: (1) their tradition of communal work (gotong-royong) as social capital (2) the demands of Indonesian migrant workers and students (3) support from various institutions, such as the Indonesian government especially IETO, universities, and the Taiwan government. The three factors are important and they are related to each other. Because of the three factors, Indonesian students can carry out their activities.
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時間電價系統的最佳契約容量 / Optimal contract capacities for Time-of-Use electricity pricing systems王家琪, Wang, Jia Qi Unknown Date (has links)
隨著各行各業的飛速發展、科技的不斷進步,一般的公司行號、工廠及現代化的建築對於電力需求大大增加。但是在有限的電力資源下,有時候一到用電高峰時期,很難滿足各行各業的用電需求,因此難免會出現很多地方在用電高峰期跳電的情況。電力公司為了更加有效的分配電力,提出所謂時間電價的概念,和用戶實現簽訂各自的契約容量,將這個契約容量作為每個月分配給各個用戶的最大電量標準。對於用戶來說,若選擇相對較低的契約容量,其所需要負擔的基本電費會較低。然而,當用電量超過契約容量時,用戶可能需要支付非常高額的罰款;若選擇相對較高的契約容量,雖然其支付高額罰款的機率會降低很多,但是所需要負擔的基本電費會增多。因此,對於電力公司和用戶而言,使用時間電價系統,來選擇一個適當的且最佳化的契約容量,已然成為一個非常重要的課題。本文介紹如何用分形布朗運動的模型,來描述用戶用電量趨勢,同時介紹了如何估計分形布朗運動模型中的各個參數。本文也介紹如何建立每月總電費期望值的估計方程式,並利用估計出來的用電量分形布朗運動模型來搜尋最佳化的契約容量。最後,本文以美國密西根州的安娜堡的居民住宅大樓用電量為數據資料作為研究的實例,進一步的提出並論證了選擇最佳化契約容量的方法。 / Over the last few decades, the advances in technology and industry have significantly increased the need of electric power, while the power resource is usually limited. In order to best control the power usage, a so-called Time-of-Use (TOU) pricing system is recently developed so that different rates over different seasons and/or weekly/daily peak periods are charged (this is different from the traditional pricing system with flat rate contracts). An important feature of the TOU system is that the consumers have to pre-select the power contract capacities (i.e. the maximum power demands claimed by consumers over different pricing periods) so that the electricity tariff can be calculated accordingly. This means that risk is transferred from the retailer side to the consumer side -- one has to pay more if a larger contract capacity is selected but can potentially mitigate the penalty charge placed when the maximum demand exceeds the contract level. In this thesis, a general stochastic modeling framework for consumer's power demand based on which the contract capacities of a Time-of-Use pricing system can be best selected so as to minimize the mean electricity price. Due to the observed nature of self-similarity and time dependence, the power demand over a homogeneous peak period is modeled as a constant mean with the noise described by a scaled fractional Brownian motion. However, the underlying optimization problem involves an intricate mathematical formulation, thus requiring techniques such as Monte Carlo simulation and numerical search so as to estimate the solution. Finally, a real data set from Ann Arbor, Michigan along with two pricing systems are used to illustrate our proposed method.
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新生のイスラエルを視た者 : 祭司エゼキエルと「再活性化運動」 / シンセイ ノ イスラエル オ ミタ モノ : サイシ エゼキエル ト「サイカッセイカ ウンドウ」 / 新生のイスラエルを視た者 : 祭司エゼキエルと再活性化運動 / The seer of new Israel : the priest Ezekiel and revitalization movement北村 徹, Tetsu Kitamura 31 March 2013 (has links)
本研究はテキストと人物像の特徴に注目し、「再活性化運動」のモデルを観点としてエゼキエル解釈を行なった。再活性化運動とは文化の特殊な変化現象であり、「預言者」の体験や活動が核となる。この観点に従えば、エゼキエル書とは捕囚に直面した祭司エゼキエルが預言者の機能を通してその祭司的課題を実現し、祭司的文化ゲシュタルトの新たな創出、換言すれば自らの治癒がもたらされたプロセスを記すものとして理解される。 / In this study, I took notice to the unique characteristics of the text and personality of Ezekiel, and interpreted it from the point of view of "Revitalization Movement." Revitalization Movement is a special kind of cultural change phenomenon and the experience and activity of the "Prophet" plays the crucial role there. From this point of view, the Book of Ezekiel is interpreted as the performance of Priestly tasks against the Exile through the functions of the Prophet and as the process of the creation of the new priestly cultural Gestalt, or giving Ezekiel healing. / 博士(神学) / Doctor of Theology / 同志社大学 / Doshisha University
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生を縁取る言葉の居場所 : 戦後沖縄における「島ぐるみ」土地闘争の再検討 / セイ オ フチドル コトバ ノ イバショ : センゴ オキナワ ニオケル シマグルミ トチ トウソウ ノ サイケントウ / 生を縁取る言葉の居場所 : 戦後沖縄における島ぐるみ土地闘争の再検討岡本 直美, Naomi Okamoto 21 March 2021 (has links)
本論文は、沖縄戦後史研究において、復帰運動や反戦平和運動の前史と位置づけられてきた伊江島土地闘争を研究対象とする。そして、実証性に乏しい伊江島土地闘争の具体像、及び新たな運動像の実証的な考察を目的とした。本研究の特色は二点ある。第一に、従来土着の問題として論じられてきた土地闘争に対して、沖縄住民の流動的な生から再検討したこと。第二に、運動から人びとの「自」を探る視点の再検討として、看過されてきたポスト「島ぐるみ」期の土地闘争を日本本土での学習経験や反戦平和資料館から考察したことである。 / 博士(現代アジア研究) / Doctor of Philosophy in Contemporary Asian Studies / 同志社大学 / Doshisha University
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我國紅十字會從事國際人道救援之研究韓翔 Unknown Date (has links)
中華民國紅十字會為我國從事國際人道救援主要組織之一。由於我國特殊的國際地位,中華民國紅十字會並非國際紅十字會的一員。1999年921地震後,我國紅十字會得到紅十字會與紅新月會國際聯合會的幫助,開始發展救災備災計畫。2004年的南亞海嘯,則是我國紅十字會首次實地進行國際人道救援工作。唯近年來,隨著我國從事國際人道救援的非政府組織蓬勃發展,我國紅十字會則逐漸面臨許多挑戰。
本論文分析的重點,包括我國紅十字會與國際紅十字會的關係,我國紅十字會從事國際人道救援的策略,以及我國紅十字會面臨的挑戰。 / The Red Cross Society of the Republic of China is one of the country’s major organizations in charge of international humanitarian assistance. Yet, the Red Cross Society of the Republic of China is not a member of the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC). After the 921 earthquake in 1999, International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies not only offered emergent aid to Taiwan but also helped develop the “Disaster Preparedness Project of the Red Cross Society of the Republic of China.” The recovery program for the Tsunami in South Asia in 2004 is the first time that The Red Cross Society of the Republic of China participated in international humanitarian actions. In recent years, the number of humanitarian NGOs in Taiwan is rising and flourishing. Meanwhile, the Red Cross Society of the Republic of China is facing a lot of challenges.
This thesis will first analyze the strategy of the Red Cross Society of the Republic of China in carrying out humanitarian assistance. Then, the effectiveness of this strategy will be evaluated. Finally, the thesis will examine the challenges that have confronted the Red Cross Society of the Republic of China.
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W・ベンヤミンの思考の展開 --内的憧憬と外部空間--小林, 哲也 24 March 2014 (has links)
京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(人間・環境学) / 甲第18371号 / 人博第684号 / 新制||人||164(附属図書館) / 25||人博||684(吉田南総合図書館) / 31229 / 京都大学大学院人間・環境学研究科共生文明学専攻 / (主査)教授 道籏 泰三, 教授 大川 勇, 准教授 大黒 弘慈 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Human and Environmental Studies / Kyoto University / DGAM
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戦時下日本YMCAの活動と末包敏夫 : 大陸事業を中心に / センジカ ニホン YMCA ノ カツドウ ト スエカネ トシオ : タイリク ジギョウ オ チュウシン ニ遠藤 浩, Hiroshi Endo 13 September 2018 (has links)
日中戦争のさなか、日本YMCA同盟が中国各地で展開した「大陸事業」の主導者、末包敏夫の敗戦までの前半生をたどる。末包は高松に育ち両親の感化のもと日本基督教会で信仰を養われた。同志社大学に学び、社会主義的思想と福音主義的信仰とをともに追究、卒業後YMCAへ投じた。神戸、京都両YMCAでは賀川豊彦や奥村龍三、中島重らの影響を受け「二つのSCM」(学生キリスト教運動と社会的基督教)に関係する。その後戦時下において「大陸事業」を主唱、自らその駐在員として南京、上海で働いた。敗戦直後その事業推進を担った自らの罪責告白的文章において、中国の友へ謝罪した。 / This study is about the life and work of Toshio Suekane, one of the leaders of the "Continental Enterprise" developed and carried out by the Japan YMCA Alliance in various parts of China amid the Sino-Japanese War. Suekane grew up in Takamatsu and was fostered in the Christian Church in Japan under the influence of his parents. He studied at Doshisha University, pursued both socialist thought and evangelical faith, and after graduating, dedicated himself to YMCA. Under the influence of Toyohiko Kagawa, et al., he related to "Two SCMs" (Student Christian Movement and Social Christianity) at Kobe and Kyoto YMCA. After that, he advocated "Continental Enterprise" in wartime and worked in Nanjing and Shanghai as a representative. Right after the defeat of Japan, he apologized to friends in China in his writing confessing the guilty responsible for promoting the business. / 博士(神学) / Doctor of Theology / 同志社大学 / Doshisha University
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大正期における日本の対華政策の展開(1912-1919) : 日中衝突事件を中心に / タイショウキ ニオケル ニホン ノ タイカ セイサク ノ テンカイ 1912 1919 : ニッチュウ ショウトツ ジケン オ チュウシン ニ / 大正期における日本の対華政策の展開19121919 : 日中衝突事件を中心に霍 耀林, Yaolin Huo 21 March 2019 (has links)
本稿は、中華民国初期、すなわち中華民国誕生から福州事件(1912年1月1日−1919年11月16日)の発生までの日中外交関係を検証する。とりわけ、この時期における日本の対華政策の立案とその後の遂行、換言すれば日本の対華政策の展開過程を日中衝突事件の発生から解決にいたるまでのプロセスから解明する。 / This article examines the diplomatic relations between Japan and China from the beginning of the Republic of China to the outbreak of the Fuzhou incident (January 1, 1912 - November 16, 1919). In particular, the plan and the subsequent implementation of Japan's policy against China in this period, and in other words, the process of development of Japan's policy toward the development of the Chinese policy toward the United States from the outbreak of the Japan China incident to the solution. / 博士(現代アジア研究) / Doctor of Philosophy in Contemporary Asian Studies / 同志社大学 / Doshisha University
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