Chan, Hoi Ling Anne. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2010. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 191-206). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Abstract (English) --- p.iv / Abstract (Chinese) --- p.vi / Acknowledgement --- p.vii / List of Abbreviations --- p.xiv / List of Figures --- p.XV / List of Tables --- p.xvii / List of Maps --- p.xix / Chapter CHAPTER 1 --- INTRODUCTION / Chapter 1.1 --- Research Background --- p.2 / Chapter 1.2 --- Current Situation in Hong Kong --- p.4 / Chapter 1.3 --- Research Questions and Objectives --- p.4 / Chapter 1.4 --- Theoretical approach --- p.6 / Chapter 1.5 --- Research Significance --- p.6 / Chapter 1.6 --- Scope of Study --- p.7 / Chapter 1.7 --- Thesis Structure --- p.7 / Chapter CHAPTER 2 --- LITERATURE REVIEW / Chapter 2.1 --- Place and Landscape --- p.10 / Chapter 2.1.1 --- From Place to Landscape / Chapter 2.1.2 --- Underpinning of the Concept of Landscape / Chapter 2.1.3 --- Landscape Interfaces / Chapter 2.2 --- Cultural Heritage and Landscape --- p.17 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- Values and Functions / Chapter 2.2.2 --- “Reading´ح the Cultural Landscape / Chapter 2.3 --- Conceptualizing a Sense of Place --- p.34 / Chapter 2.3.1 --- Place and Placelessness / Chapter 2.3.2 --- Multidimensionality of Sense of Place / Chapter 2.3.3 --- Measurement of Sense of Place / Chapter 2.4 --- Conclusion - Gap of Knowledge --- p.46 / Chapter CHAPTER 3 --- METHODOLOGY / Chapter 3.1 --- Introduction --- p.48 / Chapter 3.2 --- Mixed Method Approach --- p.50 / Chapter 3.3 --- Research Framework --- p.54 / Chapter 3.4 --- Research Design --- p.56 / Chapter 3.4.1 --- Site Selection / Chapter 3.4.2 --- Documentary Research / Chapter 3.4.3 --- Field Observation / Chapter 3.4.4 --- In-Depth Interview / Chapter 3.4.5 --- Questionnaire / Chapter 3.5 --- Data Analysis --- p.68 / Chapter 3.5.1 --- Qualitative Data / Chapter 3.5.2 --- Quantitative Data / Chapter 3.6 --- Conclusion --- p.74 / Chapter CHAPTER 4 --- BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY AREA / Chapter 4.1 --- Geographical Context --- p.75 / Chapter 4.1.1 --- Location of Yau Ma Tei / Chapter 4.1.2 --- Demographic Structure of Yau Ma Tei / Chapter 4.1.3 --- Spatial Distribution of Built Heritage and Street Culture in Yau Ma Tei / Chapter 4.1.4 --- Temporal Distribution of Activities / Chapter 4.2 --- Historical Context --- p.81 / Chapter 4.2.1 --- Built Heritage / Chapter 4.2.2 --- Street Culture / Chapter 4.3 --- Opportunities and Challenges --- p.88 / Chapter 4.4 --- Conclusion --- p.90 / Chapter CHAPTER 5 --- PLACE DEPENDENCE / Chapter 5.1 --- Importance of Place Dependence --- p.92 / Chapter 5.2 --- Historical and Familial Linkages --- p.93 / Chapter 5.2.1 --- Historical Linkagese / Chapter 5.2.2 --- Familial Linkages / Chapter 5.3 --- Material Linkages --- p.107 / Chapter 5.3.1 --- Economical Dependence / Chapter 5.3.2 --- Lack of Choice / Chapter 5.4 --- Social and Cultural Significance of Heritage in Yau Ma Tei --- p.114 / Chapter 5.4.1 --- Social Networking and Interactions / Chapter 5.4.2 --- Daily Life / Chapter 5.4.3 --- Personal Experience Reflection / Chapter 5.4.4 --- Cultural Representation / Chapter 5.5 --- Conclusion --- p.120 / Chapter CHAPTER 6 --- PLACE ATTACHMENT / Chapter 6.1 --- Conceptualizing Place Attachment --- p.122 / Chapter 6.1.1 --- Factors Determining Place Attachment / Chapter 6.1.2 --- Narratives / Chapter 6.2 --- How do the Locals attach to the Place through Heritage? --- p.124 / Chapter 6.2.1 --- Residents / Chapter 6.2.2 --- Shop Owners / Chapter 6.3 --- Conclusion --- p.140 / Chapter CHAPTER 7 --- PLACE IDENTITY / Chapter 7.1 --- Conceptualizing Place Identity --- p.141 / Chapter 7.1.1 --- Symbolism and Place Identity / Chapter 7.2 --- Heritage as Place Icons in Yau Ma Tei --- p.143 / Chapter 7.3 --- Place Icon in Yau Ma Tei --- p.145 / Chapter 7.3.1 --- Icons of Yau Ma Tei: Insiders vs. Outsiders / Chapter 7.3.2 --- Icons of Yau Ma Tei: Short Residency vs. Long Residency / Chapter 7.4 --- Meanings of the Icons --- p.152 / Chapter 7.5 --- Conclusion --- p.159 / Chapter CHAPTER 8 --- THEORETICAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SENSE OF PLACE AND HERITAGE LANDSCAPE / Chapter 8.1 --- Forces Shaping the Landscape in Yau Ma Tei --- p.160 / Chapter 8.1.1 --- External Force - Role of Government Policies / Chapter 8.1.2 --- External Force - Role of Experts / Chapter 8.1.3 --- Internal Force - Role of Local Community / Chapter 8.1.4 --- Internal Force - Role of District Council / Chapter 8.2 --- Application of Modified Cultural Values Model --- p.177 / Chapter 8.2.1 --- Enrichment / Chapter 8.2.2 --- Accumulation / Chapter 8.2.3 --- Identification / Chapter 8.3 --- Conclusion --- p.182 / Chapter CHAPTER 9 --- CONCLUSIONS / Chapter 9.1 --- Summary of the Findings --- p.183 / Chapter 9.2 --- Limitations --- p.187 / Chapter 9.3 --- Future Research - Cultural Tourism --- p.189 / References --- p.191 / Appendices --- p.207

This study suggests that adolescents with a poor self-esteem and poor social development are more at risk for online predators. Adolescents from insecure parent-child relationships could be at greater risk for engaging in risky online internet behavior. The primary purpose of this study is to examine this link.

This study shined light on the gap in literature about the impact of communication and involvement of stepparents has on emerging adult’s romantic attachment styles. A sample of 289 college students between the ages of 18 and 22 at the University of Kentucky was recruited to complete an online survey about their perceived experience with their stepparent and parental figures and the effects on their romantic attachment styles. Parental involvement in children’s lives and having good communication, sets the foundation for individuals to have secure attachment styles. Emerging adults who experience parental figures and stepparents as being uninterested or passive in their relationship experience have higher anxious and avoidant attachment styles. These findings inform therapists about the importance of recognizing attachment injuries when dealing with individuals and supports the need for all parental figures to be involved in their child’s life and have positive communication skills.

The purpose of this study was to look at the impact of early misogynistic treatment of females on subsequent attachment security and the quality of the later caregiving of their own children. A Misogyny Scale was created for use in this study.

Thesis (M.A.)--East Carolina University, 2009. / Presented to the faculty of the Department of Psychology. Advisor: Jeannie Golden. Title from PDF t.p. (viewed May 3, 2010). Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.S.W.)--University of Hong Kong, 1984.

The present study provides information about the relationships between parental reactions to their children‘s expression of negative emotions at 8 months, parent-infant attachment at 12 and 15 months and parental reactions to children‘s negative emotional expressions at 24 months, and as well as the extent to which all of these variables predict children‘s emotional expressivity as toddlers at 24 months, after controlling for infant emotional reactivity. Analyses showed that parental responses to infant negative emotions, insecure attachment and parental responses to toddlers‘ negative emotions as well as infant emotional reactivity all made independent contributions to predicting toddler negative (vs. positive) affect. Only insecure infant-parent attachment, not parental socialization or infant emotional reactivity, predicted toddler flat (vs. expressive) affect. The inclusion of fathers in this study is important not only to clarify how mothers and fathers differ in socializing their children‘s negative emotions, but also to have a more complete study of how emotional expressivity develops. Analyses conducted separately by parent gender revealed differences in the relationship between parental socialization, attachment and emotional expressivity across mothers and fathers, indicating that researchers should continue to include fathers in studies of socialization of emotional expressivity. / text

Tyrimo tikslas – nustatyti kaip susiję paauglių prieraišumo prie tėvų stilius su interneto naudojimo intensyvumu bei subjektyviu sveikatos vertinimu. Tyrime dalyvavo 142 mokiniai (108 merginos ir 34 vaikinai), 96 mokiniai anketas pildė internetu, 46 Viešojoje įstaigoje Kauno „Vyturio“ katalikiškoje vidurinėje mokykloje. Tiriamieji pildė anketą, kurią sudarė keturios metodikos, prieraišumo stiliaus, žmonės mano gyvenime, subjektyvaus sveikatos vertinimo ir interneto naudojimo intensyvumo klausimynas. Tyrimo rezultatai parodė, kad prieraišumas prie tėvų, subjektyvus sveikatos vertinimas ir interneto naudojimo intensyvumas skiriasi atskirose sociodemografinėse grupėse: vaikinai savo sveikatą vertina geriau nei merginos, paaugliams; gyvenantiems su abiem tėvais, būdingas didesnis prieraišumas prie tėvų ir geresnis subjektyvus sveikatos vertinimas, nei gyvenantiems su vienu iš tėvų; teigiantys, jog nejaučia skausmų, savo sveikatą vertina geriau ir ne taip intensyviai naudoja internetą, nei tiriamieji, pažymėję, jog jaučia skausmus; pildžiusių anketas mokykloje subjektyvus sveikatos vertinimas geresnis, nei pildžiusių anketas internetu. Paauglių subjektyvus sveikatos vertinimas reikšmingai koreliuoja su prieraišumu prie tėvų, gautas ryšys silpnas. Aukštas, žemas paauglių subjektyvus sveikatos vertinimas skirtingose sociodemografinėse grupėse statistiškai reikšmingai skiriasi išskyrus paauglių gyvenančių su vienu iš tėvų. Paaugliams, kuriems būdingas vyraujantis nerimastingo... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The aim of the study was to assess connections between adolescent attachment to parents‘ style with intensity of internet use and self – rated health. The subjects of the study were 142 students (108 girls and 34 boys), 96 students questionnaires were filled out online, 46 studets questionnaires filled out in the Catholic secondary school. Students were asked to fill 4 questionnaires: Relationship Scale Questionnaire, People In My Life, Internet Addiction Test and subjective helth questionnaire. The results of the study showed that attachment to parent, self – rated health and intensity of internet use are different among sociodemographical groups: boys evaluate their health better than the girls. Adolescent who lived with their parent have more attachment to parent and their health is better, comparing with adolescent who lived with one of his parent. Adolescent who wrote that do not feel pain their health are better and they use less intensity of the internet than students, who wrote, that feel pain. Students who filled questionnaire in school have better health than students who filled questionnaire online. Adolescents‘self – rated health was correlated with attachment to parent. Anxious attached subjects have had lower health than save attached subject. Save attached subjects are more attached to parent. Anxious attached subjects are more intensity of internet use.

[pt] A relação médico-paciente consiste numa díade que é hierarquicamente assimétrica. Uma parte cuida e a outra recebe cuidado, análogo ao que ocorre nas relações de apego. O médico teria o papel de figura de apego, possibilitando ativar o seu sistema de cuidado. O objetivo deste estudo é analisar como o sistema de cuidado está inserido na relação médico-paciente, analisando o estilo de apego do médico, além de relacioná-lo à capacidade de cuidado que o médico tem com seu paciente. Foram entrevistados onze hematologistas do Rio de Janeiro e São Paulo com experiência no SUS utilizando um roteiro de entrevista semiestruturado e foi aplicado o instrumento de autorrelato EVA (Escala de Vinculação do Adulto). Após análise de conteúdo das entrevistas e análise por clusters do EVA, os médicos entrevistados apresentaram apego seguro, com aspectos defensivos evitativos e amedrontados. Quatro categorias também foram estabelecidas: experiências pessoais com medicina e/ou hematologia; especificidade da hematologia; como lidar com as questões sobre perdas; e cuidado com o outro. Conclui-se que o presente trabalho prioriza o lado do médico nesta relação, e a importância do atendimento às suas necessidades psicológicas e relacionais. Com isso, intervenções podem ser propostas à equipe de saúde, de forma a cuidar de maneira consistente destes profissionais e aprimorar sua relação com o paciente e seus familiares. / [en] The doctor-patient relationship consists of a hierarchically asymmetrical dyad. One side cares and the other receives care, analogous to the attachment relationship. The doctor would have the attachment figure s role, being able to activate his or her caregiving system. The purpose of this study is to analyze how the care system is inserted in the doctor-patient relationship, analyzing the attachment style of the physician in addition to relating it to the care ability that the doctor has with his/her patient. Eleven hematologists from Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo with experience in SUS were interviewed using a semi-structured interview script and the self-report instrument AAS-R (Adult Attachment Scale-Revised) was applied. After content analysis of the interview and a cluster analysis of the AAS-R, all the doctors presented secure attachment, with avoidant-dismissing and avoidant-fearful defensive aspects. Four categories were also analyzed: personal experiences with medicine and/or hematology; hematology s specificity; how to deal with loss; and caring towards other. We concluded that the present it is important to prioritize the doctor s stance in the relationship, and to attend their psychological and relational needs. In that manner, interventions in the healthcare team can be proposed, providing the proper care to the healthcare professional, and, hence, improve their relationship with patients and their family members.

Abstract : The diagnostic criteria for Reactive Attachment Disorder (RAD) have remained fairly constant over the last few decades. However, the most recent change in the fifth version of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5; American Psychiatry Association; APA, 2013) is fairly significant, as the inhibited and disinhibited types of RAD that were found in the previous versions of the manual have been removed. RAD has been replaced with a definition that resembles in some ways the previous inhibited type. Diagnosed in early childhood, this disorder interferes with the child’s ability to form secure relationships with their attachment figures and others. One of the criteria that remain constant is that deprivation in the quality of early care is a risk factor for developing RAD. Although physical abuse and extreme neglect may be easier to identify, emotional neglect is more challenging as a variable to understand. There has been less research on RAD regarding the subtle interactions between mother and child. The theory of mentalization explores some of the complications that arise in attachment and relationships to others that are aggravated by neglect, abuse, and trauma (Bateman & Fonagy 2004). The infant relies on the sensitive attunement and capacity to mentalize of the primary caregiver to help him understand what he is experiencing. The first article uses mentalization and object relations theory applied to children with RAD, in order to facilitate an understanding of these children psychologically as well as certain aspects of the relationship with their mothers. The second article presents two case studies of mother-child dyads of children who have been diagnosed with RAD. The mother and child were evaluated with instruments that provided information regarding the mother’s capacity to mentalize and the child’s attachment representations. The objective of the case studies were meant to reveal how these instruments could be utilized for the specific scores, but also to illustrate what is transpiring psychologically in the relationship between mother and child. The capacity to mentalize of the mothers was measured with the Addendum to Reflective Functioning Scoring Manual (Fonagy, Steele, Steele, & Target, 1998) applied to the Parent Development Interview-Revised (PDI-R; Slade, Aber, Berger, Bresgi, & Kaplan, 2005). The results of the mother’s scores for mentalization were in the low and questionable range. The attachment representations of the children were evaluated through the use of the Attachment Focused Coding System (AFCS; Reiner & Splaun, 2008) applied to the Attachment Story Completion Task (ASCT; Bretherton, Ridgeway, & Cassidy, 1990). The results of the instrument revealed that the two children with RAD (inhibited and disinhibited type) had lowered scores for Supportive Mother and a tendency for Avoidant Attachment Behaviour and Communication. The notions of mentalization and attachment representations were shown to provide a more profound understanding of the mother and child dyad. These evaluation methods support considering a larger study to explore the link between the mother’s capacity to mentalize and the child’s attachment representations in children diagnosed with RAD. / Résumé : Les critères diagnostiques du trouble réactionnel de l'attachement (TRA) sont demeurés relativement stables au cours des dernières décennies. Toutefois, la cinquième version du Manuel diagnostique et statistique des troubles mentaux (DSM-5; American Psychiatric Association; APA, 2013) propose un seul type de TRA, qui correspond au type inhibé de la quatrième version révisée (DSM-IV-TR; APA, 2000), au lieu de distinguer entre deux types, soit inhibé et désinhibé. Diagnostiqué dans la petite enfance, le TRA interfère avec la capacité de l'enfant à former des relations sécurisantes avec ses principales figures d'attachement qui demeure un des critères diagnostiques et un facteur de risque pour le développement du TRA. Bien que l’abus physique et la négligence extrême soient plus faciles à identifier, la négligence au plan affectif est plus subtile et difficile à comprendre. Peu de recherches portent sur les interactions subtiles entre les mères et les enfants ayant reçu un diagnostic de TRA. La notion de mentalisation explore les complications qui peuvent survenir dans la relation aux principales figures d’attachement et dans les interactions sociales dans un contexte d’abus et de négligence (Bateman & Fonagy 2004). Pour être en mesure de comprendre ce qu’il vit, l'enfant nécessite des figures d’attachement sensibles et capables de mentaliser. Dans le premier article, les théories relatives aux notions de mentalisation et des relations d’objet sont utilisées pour comprendre le fonctionnement psychologique des enfants et la relation qu’ils entretiennent avec leurs mères chez des jeunes présentant un diagnostic de TRA. Dans le second article, deux études de cas de dyades mère-enfant ou l’enfant a reçu un diagnostique de RAD sont présentés. Les études de cas avaient pour objectif d’illustrer que les notions de mentalisation et de représentation d’attachement ainsi que les instruments permettant de les mesurer pourraient être utilisé pour approfondir ce qui passe entre la mère et l’enfant aux plans psychologique et relationnel. La capacité de mentalisation des mères participant à l’étude a été mesurée à l’aide de l'Échelle du fonctionnement réflexif (Addendum to Reflective Functioning Scoring Manual; Fonagy et al., 1998) appliquée à l’Entrevue sur le développement du parent (Parent Development Interview-Revised; PDI-R; Slade et al., 2005). Les résultats de la capacité de mentalisation des mères se situent dans les catégories faible ou questionnable. Les représentations d'attachement des enfants ont été évaluées en utilisant le Système de cotation centré sur l’attachement (Attachment Focused Coding System. (AFCS; Reiner & Splaun, 2008) appliqué aux Histoires d’attachement à compléter (Attachment Story Completion Task, ASCT; Bretherton, Ridgeway, & Cassidy, 1990). Les enfants participant à l’étude, ayant respectivement un TRA de type inhibé et désinhibé, ont obtenus des scores faibles dans les échelles Mère soutenante et Évitement des comportements et des communications relatifs à l’attachement. La théorie et la recherche concernant la notion de mentalisation permettent de mieux comprendre les difficultés rencontrées chez les dyades mère-enfant dont les jeunes présentent un diagnostic de TRA. Les notions de mentalisation et de représentations d’attachement ont permis d’approfondir la compréhension des dyades mère-enfant. Les méthodes d’évaluation utilisées dans la présente étude pourraient être utilisés pour explorer le lien entre la capacité de mentalisation de la mère et les représentations d'attachement de l'enfant au sein d’un échantillon plus large d’enfants présentant un diagnostic de TRA.