Analysing the repeated debates within American conservatism over the place of Abraham Lincoln within American history.

Submitted by Levi Santos (levis@ufba.br) on 2018-01-30T21:19:42Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese Levi PPGCI-UFBA 05.12.2017.pdf: 3296241 bytes, checksum: c7064236d23f11486d498f569f5185f1 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Urania Araujo (urania@ufba.br) on 2018-02-19T20:06:50Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese Levi PPGCI-UFBA 05.12.2017.pdf: 3296241 bytes, checksum: c7064236d23f11486d498f569f5185f1 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-02-19T20:06:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese Levi PPGCI-UFBA 05.12.2017.pdf: 3296241 bytes, checksum: c7064236d23f11486d498f569f5185f1 (MD5) / Analisa a produção científica brasileira (artigos nacionais, artigos internacionais, anais de eventos e livros) através dos Mínimos Quadrados Ordinários (MQO). Para tanto, discorre sobre o percurso histórico e de aplicação das metrias que a Ciência da Informação (CI) vem construindo, desde a mais primordial de todas, a bibliometria, oriunda da biblioteconomia, passando pelas visões modernas como a cienciometria até a informetria. Explica como a econometria constrói o seu modelo de análise, que é utilizado para pesquisas na economia e, ao mesmo tempo, reflete como esse método pode ser trazido para as metrias da informação. Explica e expõe o método de estimação por MQO para a análise de regressão, que é a proposta desta tese. Pesquisa aplicada descritiva com abordagem quantitativa com procedimentos baseados no tipo de pesquisa estudo de caso do levantamento de dados a partir do Portal do Plano Tabular do CNPq do ano de 2010. Os critérios para delineamento da pesquisa foram aprofundados, na revisão de literatura, em referências tanto da área da CI quanto da bibliometria, estatística e econometria. Este estudo, metodologicamente, conta com a abordagem conceitual da bibliometria e da CI em busca de teorias aplicáveis aos estudos em MQO e a aplicação empírica do MQO se aproxima da concepção econométrica. A tese conclui que a utilização de técnicas de análises das funções de regressão construída por meio de MQO possibilita a criação de um modelo de previsão da produção científica brasileira. Esse modelo é construído a partir da correlação e determinação detectada entre o número de doutores e a produção científica destes em cada estado do Brasil. Com a aplicação de estratégias econométricas (índice de correlação, índice de determinação, forma funcional de curva de regressão e cálculo dos parâmetros da função por MQO), foi possível construir um modelo de previsão.

Analisa a produção científica brasileira em Medicina Tropical nas bases de dados Web of Science e Scopus. Trata-se de um estudo quantitativo com abordagem bibliométrica, cuja coleta foi feita nas bases Web of Science e Scopus, no dia 31 de julho de 2013, buscando-se resultados da produção científica brasileira em Medicina Tropical. Os resultados mostram que a Scopus apresentou uma média de 12,5% de artigos e 11,2% de periódicos a mais do que a Web of Science. Cerca de 83,6% dos periódicos são os mesmos nas duas bases de dados. Grande parte da produção científica de cada uma está concentrada nesses. A Scopus obteve 27% de citações a mais do que a WoS, embora elas tenham sido superiores apenas na segunda metade do período. O idioma inglês registrou cerca 80% das ocorrências nas duas bases de dados, e os idiomas português e espanhol aparecem em percentuais muito menores, em função do multilinguismo de alguns artigos. A predominância dos periódicos de origem estadunidense (39,3%), inglesa (26,5%) e holandesa (9,1%) fica evidente na pesquisa. A Scopus contabiliza 80% de periódicos brasileiros a mais do que a WoS. Dentro do núcleo de produtividade, localizado pela aplicação da Lei de Bradford, os periódicos brasileiros são responsáveis por 62% da produção científica da área. A dispersão verificada mostrou que a dinâmica entre as duas bases é praticamente idêntica. Cerca de 64% dos periódicos são publicados por instituições públicas, independente do país de origem. Os periódicos em inglês representam 82% do total. Saúde Coletiva (28,8%) e Parasitologia (23%) foram as categorias da Capes mais identificadas dentro da Medicina Tropical. A Scopus contabilizou cerca de 166,8% citações a mais que a WoS, mas a WoS apresenta valores de FI em torno de 58% maiores. Conclui-se que tanto a WoS como a Scopus proporcionam visibilidade à produção científica brasileira em Medicina Tropical, embora esta seja menor do que a de países com tradição de pesquisa. A indexação influencia a visibilidade da produção científica de diferentes formas. / This research work analyzes the brazilian scientific production of Tropical Medicine in the databases Web of Science and Scopus. The research work employed quantitative methods with bibliometric approach. The collection was made in Web of Science and Scopus, on july 31 of 2013, looking for results about the brazilian scientific production in Tropical Medicine. Regarding coverage, Scopus showed an average of 12,5% of articles and 11,2% of journals more than WoS. Average 83,6% of journals are commons in the two databases, and the most part of scientific production of each is concentrated them. The Scopus has 27% more citations than WoS, however, was superior only in second half time of period. The English language was accounted with average 80% of registers in the two databases, and the Portuguese and Spanish has smallest percentage, only because the multilingual of many articles. The predominance of the American (39,3%), English (26,5%) and Dutch journals (9,1%) was apparent in the study. The Scopus was account average 80% of brazilian journals more than WoS. Inside productivity nucleus, identified by the application of Bradford’s Law, the brazilian journals are responsible by 62% of scientific production of area. The dispersion was showed that dynamic between two databases is same. Average 64% of the journals are published by public institutions, irrespective of country origin. The English language has 82% of total journals. Collective Health (28,8%) and Parasitology (23%) are the categories of Capes more identified inside Tropical Medicine area. Scopus database was accounted average 166,8% of citations more than WoS, but WoS has showed FI values around the 58% greatest. In conclusion, WoS and Scopus provide visibility for the Brazilian scientific production in Tropical Medicine, although smaller than countries with research tradition. The indexing has influenced in the visibility of scientific production, of differently ways. / El trabajo se constituye como un estudio comparativo entre dos bases de datos multidisciplinares internacionales. Tiene como objetivo analisar la producción cientifica brasileña en Medicina Tropical, en las bases de datos Web of Science y Scopus en el día 31 de julio de 2013. La metodología es cuantitativa, con abordaje bibliometrica. La colecta de los datos fue hecha buscándo resultados de la producción cientifica brasileña en Medicina Tropical. Entre los resultados, sobre la cobertura, Scopus presentó una media de 12,5% de artículos y 11,2% de publicaciones que la Web of Science. Alrededor de 83% de las publicaciones son las mismas que las dos bases de datos, y la mayoría de la producción científica del estudio se concentra en estas. Scopus ha obtenido 27% más citas que WoS, sin embargo ellas hajan sido superiores sólamente en la segunda mitad del período. Los artículos en inglés superan en 80% en las dos bases de datos, los idiomas portugués y español tienen porcentajes mucho menores, debido al multilinguismo de algunos artículos. El predomínio de publicaciones de origen estadunidense (39%), inglesa (26,5%) y holandesa (9,1%) es evidénte en el estudio. Scopus tiene más de 80% de las publicaciones brasileñas que WoS. En el núcleo de productividad, obtenido a través de la aplicación de la Ley de Bradford, las publicaciones brasileñas son responsables por 62% de la producción cientifica del área. La dispersión observada ha mostrado que la dinámica entre las dos bases de datos es practicamente idéntica. Aproximadamente 64% de las publicaciones son editadas por instituciones públicas, independiente del país de origen. El inglés constituye 82% del idioma de las publicaciones. Salud Pública (28,8%) y Parasitología (23%), fueron las categorías más identificadas en el área de Medicina Tropical según la Capes. Considerase que Web of Science y Scopus han proporcionado visibilidad a la producción cientifica brasileña en Medicina Tropical, sin embargo esta es menor que la de los países con tradición en investigación cientifica. La indización ha influenciado la visibilidad de la producción cientifica, de formas diferentes.

Analisa a produção científica brasileira em Medicina Tropical nas bases de dados Web of Science e Scopus. Trata-se de um estudo quantitativo com abordagem bibliométrica, cuja coleta foi feita nas bases Web of Science e Scopus, no dia 31 de julho de 2013, buscando-se resultados da produção científica brasileira em Medicina Tropical. Os resultados mostram que a Scopus apresentou uma média de 12,5% de artigos e 11,2% de periódicos a mais do que a Web of Science. Cerca de 83,6% dos periódicos são os mesmos nas duas bases de dados. Grande parte da produção científica de cada uma está concentrada nesses. A Scopus obteve 27% de citações a mais do que a WoS, embora elas tenham sido superiores apenas na segunda metade do período. O idioma inglês registrou cerca 80% das ocorrências nas duas bases de dados, e os idiomas português e espanhol aparecem em percentuais muito menores, em função do multilinguismo de alguns artigos. A predominância dos periódicos de origem estadunidense (39,3%), inglesa (26,5%) e holandesa (9,1%) fica evidente na pesquisa. A Scopus contabiliza 80% de periódicos brasileiros a mais do que a WoS. Dentro do núcleo de produtividade, localizado pela aplicação da Lei de Bradford, os periódicos brasileiros são responsáveis por 62% da produção científica da área. A dispersão verificada mostrou que a dinâmica entre as duas bases é praticamente idêntica. Cerca de 64% dos periódicos são publicados por instituições públicas, independente do país de origem. Os periódicos em inglês representam 82% do total. Saúde Coletiva (28,8%) e Parasitologia (23%) foram as categorias da Capes mais identificadas dentro da Medicina Tropical. A Scopus contabilizou cerca de 166,8% citações a mais que a WoS, mas a WoS apresenta valores de FI em torno de 58% maiores. Conclui-se que tanto a WoS como a Scopus proporcionam visibilidade à produção científica brasileira em Medicina Tropical, embora esta seja menor do que a de países com tradição de pesquisa. A indexação influencia a visibilidade da produção científica de diferentes formas. / This research work analyzes the brazilian scientific production of Tropical Medicine in the databases Web of Science and Scopus. The research work employed quantitative methods with bibliometric approach. The collection was made in Web of Science and Scopus, on july 31 of 2013, looking for results about the brazilian scientific production in Tropical Medicine. Regarding coverage, Scopus showed an average of 12,5% of articles and 11,2% of journals more than WoS. Average 83,6% of journals are commons in the two databases, and the most part of scientific production of each is concentrated them. The Scopus has 27% more citations than WoS, however, was superior only in second half time of period. The English language was accounted with average 80% of registers in the two databases, and the Portuguese and Spanish has smallest percentage, only because the multilingual of many articles. The predominance of the American (39,3%), English (26,5%) and Dutch journals (9,1%) was apparent in the study. The Scopus was account average 80% of brazilian journals more than WoS. Inside productivity nucleus, identified by the application of Bradford’s Law, the brazilian journals are responsible by 62% of scientific production of area. The dispersion was showed that dynamic between two databases is same. Average 64% of the journals are published by public institutions, irrespective of country origin. The English language has 82% of total journals. Collective Health (28,8%) and Parasitology (23%) are the categories of Capes more identified inside Tropical Medicine area. Scopus database was accounted average 166,8% of citations more than WoS, but WoS has showed FI values around the 58% greatest. In conclusion, WoS and Scopus provide visibility for the Brazilian scientific production in Tropical Medicine, although smaller than countries with research tradition. The indexing has influenced in the visibility of scientific production, of differently ways. / El trabajo se constituye como un estudio comparativo entre dos bases de datos multidisciplinares internacionales. Tiene como objetivo analisar la producción cientifica brasileña en Medicina Tropical, en las bases de datos Web of Science y Scopus en el día 31 de julio de 2013. La metodología es cuantitativa, con abordaje bibliometrica. La colecta de los datos fue hecha buscándo resultados de la producción cientifica brasileña en Medicina Tropical. Entre los resultados, sobre la cobertura, Scopus presentó una media de 12,5% de artículos y 11,2% de publicaciones que la Web of Science. Alrededor de 83% de las publicaciones son las mismas que las dos bases de datos, y la mayoría de la producción científica del estudio se concentra en estas. Scopus ha obtenido 27% más citas que WoS, sin embargo ellas hajan sido superiores sólamente en la segunda mitad del período. Los artículos en inglés superan en 80% en las dos bases de datos, los idiomas portugués y español tienen porcentajes mucho menores, debido al multilinguismo de algunos artículos. El predomínio de publicaciones de origen estadunidense (39%), inglesa (26,5%) y holandesa (9,1%) es evidénte en el estudio. Scopus tiene más de 80% de las publicaciones brasileñas que WoS. En el núcleo de productividad, obtenido a través de la aplicación de la Ley de Bradford, las publicaciones brasileñas son responsables por 62% de la producción cientifica del área. La dispersión observada ha mostrado que la dinámica entre las dos bases de datos es practicamente idéntica. Aproximadamente 64% de las publicaciones son editadas por instituciones públicas, independiente del país de origen. El inglés constituye 82% del idioma de las publicaciones. Salud Pública (28,8%) y Parasitología (23%), fueron las categorías más identificadas en el área de Medicina Tropical según la Capes. Considerase que Web of Science y Scopus han proporcionado visibilidad a la producción cientifica brasileña en Medicina Tropical, sin embargo esta es menor que la de los países con tradición en investigación cientifica. La indización ha influenciado la visibilidad de la producción cientifica, de formas diferentes.

Analisa a produção científica brasileira em Medicina Tropical nas bases de dados Web of Science e Scopus. Trata-se de um estudo quantitativo com abordagem bibliométrica, cuja coleta foi feita nas bases Web of Science e Scopus, no dia 31 de julho de 2013, buscando-se resultados da produção científica brasileira em Medicina Tropical. Os resultados mostram que a Scopus apresentou uma média de 12,5% de artigos e 11,2% de periódicos a mais do que a Web of Science. Cerca de 83,6% dos periódicos são os mesmos nas duas bases de dados. Grande parte da produção científica de cada uma está concentrada nesses. A Scopus obteve 27% de citações a mais do que a WoS, embora elas tenham sido superiores apenas na segunda metade do período. O idioma inglês registrou cerca 80% das ocorrências nas duas bases de dados, e os idiomas português e espanhol aparecem em percentuais muito menores, em função do multilinguismo de alguns artigos. A predominância dos periódicos de origem estadunidense (39,3%), inglesa (26,5%) e holandesa (9,1%) fica evidente na pesquisa. A Scopus contabiliza 80% de periódicos brasileiros a mais do que a WoS. Dentro do núcleo de produtividade, localizado pela aplicação da Lei de Bradford, os periódicos brasileiros são responsáveis por 62% da produção científica da área. A dispersão verificada mostrou que a dinâmica entre as duas bases é praticamente idêntica. Cerca de 64% dos periódicos são publicados por instituições públicas, independente do país de origem. Os periódicos em inglês representam 82% do total. Saúde Coletiva (28,8%) e Parasitologia (23%) foram as categorias da Capes mais identificadas dentro da Medicina Tropical. A Scopus contabilizou cerca de 166,8% citações a mais que a WoS, mas a WoS apresenta valores de FI em torno de 58% maiores. Conclui-se que tanto a WoS como a Scopus proporcionam visibilidade à produção científica brasileira em Medicina Tropical, embora esta seja menor do que a de países com tradição de pesquisa. A indexação influencia a visibilidade da produção científica de diferentes formas. / This research work analyzes the brazilian scientific production of Tropical Medicine in the databases Web of Science and Scopus. The research work employed quantitative methods with bibliometric approach. The collection was made in Web of Science and Scopus, on july 31 of 2013, looking for results about the brazilian scientific production in Tropical Medicine. Regarding coverage, Scopus showed an average of 12,5% of articles and 11,2% of journals more than WoS. Average 83,6% of journals are commons in the two databases, and the most part of scientific production of each is concentrated them. The Scopus has 27% more citations than WoS, however, was superior only in second half time of period. The English language was accounted with average 80% of registers in the two databases, and the Portuguese and Spanish has smallest percentage, only because the multilingual of many articles. The predominance of the American (39,3%), English (26,5%) and Dutch journals (9,1%) was apparent in the study. The Scopus was account average 80% of brazilian journals more than WoS. Inside productivity nucleus, identified by the application of Bradford’s Law, the brazilian journals are responsible by 62% of scientific production of area. The dispersion was showed that dynamic between two databases is same. Average 64% of the journals are published by public institutions, irrespective of country origin. The English language has 82% of total journals. Collective Health (28,8%) and Parasitology (23%) are the categories of Capes more identified inside Tropical Medicine area. Scopus database was accounted average 166,8% of citations more than WoS, but WoS has showed FI values around the 58% greatest. In conclusion, WoS and Scopus provide visibility for the Brazilian scientific production in Tropical Medicine, although smaller than countries with research tradition. The indexing has influenced in the visibility of scientific production, of differently ways. / El trabajo se constituye como un estudio comparativo entre dos bases de datos multidisciplinares internacionales. Tiene como objetivo analisar la producción cientifica brasileña en Medicina Tropical, en las bases de datos Web of Science y Scopus en el día 31 de julio de 2013. La metodología es cuantitativa, con abordaje bibliometrica. La colecta de los datos fue hecha buscándo resultados de la producción cientifica brasileña en Medicina Tropical. Entre los resultados, sobre la cobertura, Scopus presentó una media de 12,5% de artículos y 11,2% de publicaciones que la Web of Science. Alrededor de 83% de las publicaciones son las mismas que las dos bases de datos, y la mayoría de la producción científica del estudio se concentra en estas. Scopus ha obtenido 27% más citas que WoS, sin embargo ellas hajan sido superiores sólamente en la segunda mitad del período. Los artículos en inglés superan en 80% en las dos bases de datos, los idiomas portugués y español tienen porcentajes mucho menores, debido al multilinguismo de algunos artículos. El predomínio de publicaciones de origen estadunidense (39%), inglesa (26,5%) y holandesa (9,1%) es evidénte en el estudio. Scopus tiene más de 80% de las publicaciones brasileñas que WoS. En el núcleo de productividad, obtenido a través de la aplicación de la Ley de Bradford, las publicaciones brasileñas son responsables por 62% de la producción cientifica del área. La dispersión observada ha mostrado que la dinámica entre las dos bases de datos es practicamente idéntica. Aproximadamente 64% de las publicaciones son editadas por instituciones públicas, independiente del país de origen. El inglés constituye 82% del idioma de las publicaciones. Salud Pública (28,8%) y Parasitología (23%), fueron las categorías más identificadas en el área de Medicina Tropical según la Capes. Considerase que Web of Science y Scopus han proporcionado visibilidad a la producción cientifica brasileña en Medicina Tropical, sin embargo esta es menor que la de los países con tradición en investigación cientifica. La indización ha influenciado la visibilidad de la producción cientifica, de formas diferentes.

This study explores the representations of masculinity in selected contemporary children’s adventure literature. According to John Stephens (2002:x), a problem for boys, both in narrative fictions and in the world, is that hegemonic masculinity ‘appears simultaneously to propose a schema for behaviour and to insist on their subordination as children, to conflate agency with hegemonic masculinity, and to disclose that, for them, such agency is illusory’. This issue, among others, forms the basis of the research as this paradox is particularly evident in texts that fall within the adventure genre, where protagonists present an image of empowered masculinity that has little or no correlation in real, that is, non-literary, childhood. Nevertheless, despite this apparent conflict, the discourses portrayed in these texts continue to influence society (in varying degrees) as they are promoted, perpetuated and disseminated through cultural productions. Moreover, as this research rests on the premise of a belief ‘in the cultural productivity of fictions’ (Knights 1999:vii), it focuses on literary material that forms part of the landscape of childhood in contemporary society. Therefore, this study analyses selected 21st century children’s texts in order to identify and discuss the representations of masculinity in these texts in the context of their publication at a time when hegemonic masculinity has long been a topic of popular and academic debate. The primary texts include the Arthur series by Kevin Crossley-Holland, Anthony Horowitz’s Alex Rider series, the Young Bond series by Charlie Higson and Steve Cole and the Bodyguard books by Chris Bradford.By using discourse theory as a lens to complement the masculinity studies approach, this research investigates the questions posed under the problem statement and presents findings that demonstrate that the gender models presented in the texts are, for the most part, cast in ‘the masculinist and patriarchal conventions that characterised imperialist adventure’ (Capdevila 2003:216). Thus, it is evident that the children’s adventure genre seems to be rather tardy in keeping with the times. Nevertheless, much of the conflict surrounding the performance of masculinity in contemporary society is represented through the texts and forms a significant part of the narrative. / Linguistics and Modern Languages

Using ethnobotanical, anthropological and social science theory and methods this work illustrates significance of studying traditional foods and their medicinal qualities for maintaining health. Set in the background of the communities¿ practises and rituals specific plant-based items, used by Sikh and Ukrainian migrant communities, are a central focus to understanding the significance of practises and related knowledge for maintaining health and the broader concept of ¿well-being¿. Literature review, participant observation and in-depth interviewing techniques were used to identify 126 species of plants mentioned. These illustrate what was a primarily female domain of knowledge now becoming superficial and spread over domains of both men and women. This study notes convenience in terms of time and transport, changes in markets in the UK, importation of goods and the use of machinery and techniques such as freezing, and intervention by healthcare professionals have all affected the way traditional foods and remedies are perceived and practised. There are key foods which will remain important for generations to come whilst the domains are changing. Specific community structures support maintenance of food practises, including langar within the Sikh community and the regular OAP Ukrainian lunchtime club and numerous food events where foods with particular religious and cultural significance are made by at least two generations. These events involve transmission of knowledge related to foods and their health qualities, including images of strength as a ¿people¿. By questioning the significance of emic perspectives healthcare professionals and policymakers could learn much from practises developed over centuries or millennia.

This study aims to determine the concentration of 16 Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in urban soils from West Yorkshire in order to determine what the factors are controlling their distribution and abundances. Although PAHs have been reported before from soils and sediments, the majority of these studies have come from China, sometimes with contrasting results, which emphasises the need to obtain equivalent data from other areas. Therefore this work provides the first measurements of their type from the area studied. Soil samples were collected from one hundred sites across an area from Bradford to Leeds on two occasions, one in autumn and one in the following summer. The soil samples were analyzed by X-ray diffraction and all found to have similar mineralogical composition, which was mainly silica and calcite. Trials using iodine as a marker for PAHs showed there were notable interactions between the minerals and PAHs, with calcium carbonate absorbing PAHs much more than silica. There is a negative correlation between the soil organic content (determined by loss on ignition) and PAHs, which confirms the PAH-mineral interaction. Gas chromatography with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) using targeted selected ion monitoring was used to determine and quantify PAHs in the one hundred soil samples with the aid of PAH external standards. The results showed highest concentrations of total PAHs in the same sample from Leeds from the autumn (1,525 ng/g) and in the summer (1,768 ng/g). In Bradford there was only moderate pollution of PAHs, the maximum being 122 ng/g. However the majority of data from Bradford showed lower levels of pollution in both summer and autumn. On the basis of prior published information, the ratio of these compounds has been used to help in identifying sources. In the samples collected from Bradford in both seasons and Leeds in autumn the PAH pollution originated from pyrogenic, biomass and petroleum combustion, however in the summer the source appeared more to be from a petrogenic source. These ratios in the samples which were collected from the area between Bradford and Leeds implied pyrogenic, biomass source of pollution in the autumn, but in the summer another source of organic compounds was indicated namely petroleum combustion. When the locations were resampled nine months later, after taking into account within-site variability, there was a strong indication that the PAH concentrations were higher. This might have been due to a seasonal effect, but when a further (third) subsample was taken at a later date it showed a further increase in PAH level which suggests the effect is accumulative rather than seasonal. The results were analysed using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to determine whether the type of road had an effect on the concentration of the 16 PAHs compounds, but it was concluded that there was no such effect. However, the distance from the soil sample to the nearest road did have an effect on the concentration of the 16 PAH compounds, especially in soil samples having the shortest distance to the road. Traffic volume was also tested and found to influence the PAH concentrations. It is notable that, comparing the groupings from autumn with those from summer by cluster analyses, they largely had the same compounds grouping together in both cases; only two compounds differed at all in where they occurred in the clusters, with consistent patterns of grouping found for the other compounds. These analyses indicate that PAH compounds behave in a consistent way amongst groups of PAH compounds. The grouping of PAHs appears linked to their sources rather than number of rings or molecular weight. / Libyan Government and Embassy

<p>  To improve cardiometabolic health, omnivores are often recommended to simultaneously adopt a healthy dietary pattern with an emphasis on increasing intakes of plant-based proteins and decreasing intakes of red and processed meats. However, the totality of observational and experimental results inconsistently supports relations between red meat intake and risks of cardiometabolic diseases such as cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Red meat is often not clearly or consistently defined within nutrition and health research and is consumed within healthy and unhealthy dietary patterns. These issues contribute to the conflicting findings. Observational data, which assess red meat (both unprocessed and processed) within an unrestricted Western-style dietary pattern, typically support positive associations with cardiometabolic disease incidence and mortality outcomes. Whereas experimental randomized controlled trial data consistently show that consuming healthy dietary patterns with or without the inclusion of lean unprocessed red meat, improve cardiometabolic disease risk factors. These discordant findings have left laymen, researchers,and policymakers alike to question whether a high intake of red meat is causally related to cardiometabolic disease outcomes. The results of the single blinded crossover randomized controlled feeding trial (Study 1, Chapter 3) support that consuming a U.S.-style healthy dietary pattern that included two 3oz servings/day of lean unprocessed beef did not adversely affect cardiometabolic disease risk factors. Based on observational and experimental research, the umbrella systematic review described in Chapter4, led to the inference that red and processed meats are not causally related with cardiovascular disease. However, relations between processed meat and mixed unprocessed and processed meat and type 2 diabetes were inferred to be potentially causal. Overall, the results described in this dissertation support that lean and unprocessed red meats consumed within healthy dietary patterns do not adversely affect cardiometabolic health</p>

In the period following the pandemic, we observed that poor student behaviour was increasingly becoming a problem in our library. We decided to take a novel approach to try and discover new ways of encouraging positive use of the university library using existing resources and ensuring the inclusion of student voices to gather rich critically evaluated feedback to inform our service improvements.