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published_or_final_version / abstract / toc / Ecology and Biodiversity / Doctoral / Doctor of Philosophy

published_or_final_version / Zoology / Master / Master of Philosophy

Isopoda are crustaceans which possess seven pairs of legs of about equal size, are flattened dorsoventrally and have no carapace. The thoracic limbs are without exopodites, pleopods are modified for respiration and the antennual exopodite is absent or minute. The isopods are a large group and exhibit much variety. They vary in size from two or three millimeters to several centimeters. A giant deep-sea form, Bathynomus giganteus, from the Gulf of Mexico and Indian Ocean, attains a length of 30 cm. and width of about 10 cc. The natural habitat of isopods is in salt and fresh water or in moist situations in the case of most terrestrial forms. They have been found in warm springs and subterranean streams (Richardson, 1905). [...]

Thesis (M.S.)--Rutgers University, 2008. / "Graduate Program in Ecology and Evolution." Includes bibliographical references (p. 78-82).

Thesis (Ph.D. (Zoology & Entomology)) - Rhodes University, 2009.

Submitted by Danielle Karla Martins Silva (danielle.martins@ufpe.br) on 2015-03-12T17:11:38Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação (Ricardo José de Carvalho Paiva).pdf: 8041338 bytes, checksum: 02d0fc585d6ac86415c5ad9e70a79512 (MD5) license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-12T17:11:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação (Ricardo José de Carvalho Paiva).pdf: 8041338 bytes, checksum: 02d0fc585d6ac86415c5ad9e70a79512 (MD5) license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Cirolanidae é a segunda maior família dentre os Isopoda marinhos (excetuando-se na região abissal), sendo inferior apenas a Sphaeromatidae. Seus representantes são encontrados no médio litoral e em profundidades do sublitoral, em diversos substratos praias arenosas, manguezais, madeira morta, costões rochosos, fazendo parte do talude continental. Apresenta também uma biodiversidade considerável e dentro da cadeia trófica tem um papel fundamental, servindo de presa para o nectobentos, como predadores de invertebrados e constitui em um dos principais comedores de restos de cadáveres. O objetivo deste trabalho foi fazer uma revisão taxonômica da família Cirolanidae no Nordeste do Brasil, registrando novas ocorrências para a área de estudo, enfocando alguns aspectos ecológicos, além de comentários sobre a distribuição geográfica das espécies estudadas. Foi examinado o material depositado nas coleções de carcinologia do Museu de Oceanografia da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Museu Nacional do Rio de Janeiro e Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz. Os exemplares estudados foram dissecados e desenhados com auxílio de microscópio e estereomicroscópio com câmara clara acoplada. Os exemplares foram corados em Negro de clorazol e suas peças montadas em lâminas semi-permanentes com gelatina glicerinada. Os desenhos digitais foram confeccionados no programa gráfico Corel Draw®. Foram encontradas doze espécies distribuídas em seis gêneros, sendo duas do gênero Bathynomus (B. giganteus e B. miyarei), três de Cirolana (Cirolana (Anopsilana) browni, C. (A.) jonesi e C. parva), uma de Eurydice, Excirolana, Natatolana e Politolana (E. littoralis, E. latipes, N. gracilis e P. impressa, respectivamente). Além dessas, foram registradas três espécies novas para ciência: Cirolana sp.nov. sp, anteriormente registrada para o Brasil como Cirolana palifrons, Metacirolana sp. nov. A e Metacirolana sp. nov. B. Dentre as espécies estudadas, B. miyarei, Cirolana nov. sp, Metacirolana sp. nov. A e Metacirolana sp. nov. B até o momento são endêmicas para o Brasil

Orientador: Fosca Pedini Pereira Leite / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-27T14:46:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Pires_LaryssaFannyGalantini_M.pdf: 1898650 bytes, checksum: e078e521c78de161e961e5f5b734a6e9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / Resumo: As faces oceânica e continental da Ilha de São Sebastião são distintas em diversos aspectos, mas ambas apresentam a alga parda Sargassum em seus costões. A falta de conhecimento sobre as assembleias de isópodes nestas duas regiões levou ao desenvolvimento do estudo no qual se procurou avaliar a composição, riqueza e diversidade dos isópodes associados ao Sargassum bem como variações espaço-temporais entre e dentro das faces da ilha em dois períodos de amostragem (inverno e verão) entre 2011 e 2013. Para tanto, dez frondes foram amostradas aleatoriamente em cada costão e após a realização de processos laboratoriais, a fauna foi triada e contabilizada. Foram encontrados 9.648 indivíduos, pertencentes a 9 espécies. A riqueza e diversidade foram maiores na face oceânica. Os resultados indicam que a composição de espécies é distinta entre os costões, independente das faces. As diferenças espaço-temporais na composição dos isópodes parecem estar relacionadas aos aspectos biológicos e morfológicos de cada espécie, fatores intrínsecos ás algas, como a epibiose e principalmente a perturbações antrópicas na face continental. A riqueza e diversidade dos isópodes são altas na Ilha de São Sebastião comparada a outras regiões tropicais. Janaira gracilis em geral, dominou em todos os costões e períodos de amostragem. Carpias minutus foi a segunda espécie mais abundante, ocorrendo em altas densidades somente na face oceânica. As demais espécies ocorreram em baixas densidades sendo que Astacilla sawayae e Mesanthura callicera ocorreram somente nos bancos de Sargassum da face oceânica, onde há pouca interferência antrópica. A sensibilidade dos isópodes às alterações ambientais faz deles modelos para a realização de estudos que visem compreender os aspectos ecológicos e biológicos destas espécies, visto que as atividades antrópicas se intensificam a cada dia / Abstract: The oceanic and continental sides of the Island of São Sebastião are being distinct in many ways, but both have the brown alga Sargassum on their shores. The lack of knowledge about the assemblies of isopods in these two regions led to the development of this study that sought to assess the composition and diversity of isopods associated with Sargassum and the spatio-temporal variations between and within both sides of the island in two sampling periods (two winter and summer) between 2011 and 2013. Ten fronds were randomly sampled from each shore and the fauna screened and counted. A total of 9,648 individuals belonging to nine species were found. Richness and diversity values were higher in the oceanic side. Results indicate that the species composition is different between rocky shores independent of the sides. The spatio-temporal differences in the composition of the isopods appear to be related to morphological and biological aspects of each species, intrinsic factors such as epibiosis and anthropogenic disturbances in continental side. Janaira gracilis was generally predominant in all rocky shores and sampling periods, being tolerant to environmental disturbances and anthropogenic interferences. Carpias minutus was the second most abundant species, occurring in high densities only in the ocean side. Other species occurred in low densities, while Astacilla sawayae and Mesanthura callicera, occurred only in Sargassum beds from the oceanic side, where there is still little anthropogenic influence. The sensitivity of isopods to environmental changes make them adequate models for conducting studies aimed at the understanding of ecological and biological aspects of species, whereas anthropogenic activities are intensifying every day / Mestrado / Mestra em Biologia Animal

Sphaeroma terebrans, is an ecological engineer that can significantly modify the habitat of free-hanging aerial prop roots of Rhizophora mangle. The wood-boring isopod extensively burrows into red mangrove aerial prop roots for habitat and protection from desiccation and access to phytoplankton. However, the burrows created have major consequences on the mangrove habitat and aerial root inhabitants. It has been suggested that sessile species residing in aerial root communities can either encourage or discourage colonization by S. terebrans. Abiotic factors can affect the distribution and abundance of mangrove forest and are the same factors which determine the composition and abundance of organisms living on the roots. Surveys indicated that burrowing damage was found predominately in the first 20 cm of the root tip. Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was used to test multivariate hypothesized models looking at habitat relationships with S. terebrans in aerial root communities. Temperature and dissolved oxygen were shown to be important drivers in affecting submerged root length of aerial roots. Ultimately, the indirect effects between these parameters proved to be stronger in influencing the barnacle – isopod association, which causes direct negative effects on submerged root length. Colonial tunicates showed weak effects in masking aerial roots from the damaging barnacle – isopod association. Chlorophyll a was used as a proxy for phytoplankton biomass and proved to be less influential than habitat protection for S. terebrans. Results highlight the need for experimentation in addition to modeling in order to determine the mechanisms influencing aerial root community inhabitants and further effects on the habitat. / Includes bibliography. / Thesis (M.S.)--Florida Atlantic University, 2020. / FAU Electronic Theses and Dissertations Collection

The primary purpose of this study was to provide accurate diagnoses of the littoral marine isopod crustacea in the Dillon Beach area. Such a purpose involved a much more complete study of the anatomy of the species represented in the fauna than was heretofore performed. Certain anatomical structures deemed by earlier writers as specifically diagnostic are demonstrated to be unreliable and in a great many instances other structures previously neither described or figured by American writers are considered of paramount importance in species identification. The number and magnitude of the changes proposed in this paper as illustrated in outline form in the summary of the thesis are a sufficient indication of the scientific significance of this study.