Objective This study explores how caregiver relationship quality with family, patient, and patient's health care provider (HCP) is associated with subjective caregiver burden during the early treatment phase for late-stage cancer. Method Burden and relationship quality were assessed in telephone interviews with family caregivers (FCGs) of advanced cancer patients. The five subscales of the Caregiver Reaction Assessment measured burden, while relationships were measured with the Family Relationship Index, the Family Inventory of Needs subscale of met needs, and a scale assessing family discord in cancer communication. Results Multiple linear regression analyses in SPSS (v16) of 420 FCGs showed that higher quality relationship with family was associated with lower burden in FCG abandonment, health, scheduling (p<0.001) and finances (p<0.01). Higher quality relationship with patients' HCPs was associated with lower burden in FCG abandonment (p< 0.05), health, and finances (p<0.001). More discordant communication in patient relationship was associated with lower financial burden (p<0.05). Relationship quality was not associated with caregiver self-esteem. Conclusions Findings demonstrate that caregiver relationship quality with family and with HCP are important factors in understanding caregiver burden during the early treatment phase of late-stage cancer care.

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The theme and objective of this thesis is to assess legislation regulating creation and termination of employment with regard to the concept of flexicurity. The thesis draws attention to some elements of this regulation, pointing out its flexibility on one hand and protection aspects on the other hand, and offering some possible solutions according to intended law. At the same time the flexicurity concept as such is explained, as well as legislation regulating creation and termination of employment. This thesis is divided into five chapters, of which the key ones are the second, fourth and fifth chapter. The specific nature of labour law, the subject of labour law, principles applied in this branch of law, and the relationship between labour law and civil law are dealt with in the first chapter. In the second chapter is explained the concept of flexicurity and its components, namely flexibility and security, further division of those, and also described the Danish labour market model. The crucial term of this paper, flexicurity, arose as a combination of terms flexibility and security, or freedom and protection. Flexicurity is a modern concept or strategy of the labour market, which counts on a balanced combination of elements of protection and flexibility, both within the framework of labour law,...

Inseridas num cenário altamente competitivo, as organizações primam pelo alcance da vantagem competitiva sustentável (VCS), embora essa última seja, cada vez mais, efêmera. Nesse contexto, surge o customer relationship management (CRM) como estratégia de negócio. Fundamentado no marketing de relacionamento personalizado e na infra-estrutura da tecnologia de informação, o CRM representa uma solução para viabilizar o alcance da VCS. Entretanto, deve-se enfatizar a relevância dos processos organizacionais e das pessoas, visto que eles compõem a empresa que adota a estratégia do CRM. Por outro lado, observa-se que o assunto sobre a gestão do relacionamento com o cliente destaca-se nos ambientes da academia e do mercado. Desse modo, esta pesquisa tem como objeto de estudo a estratégia de CRM, apresentando como objetivo geral a proposta de um modelo para planejar, implementar e acompanhar a estratégia de CRM. Este trabalho caracteriza-se como sendo uma pesquisa exploratória de abordagem qualitativa, utilizando a pesquisa bibliográfica e a pesquisa de campo como procedimentos para o alcance do seu objetivo geral. Nota-se que, inicialmente, a pesquisa bibliográfica aborda os aspectos gerais sobre o CRM e, mais adiante, o enfoque representa os modelos e/ou abordagens da literatura sobre o planejamento, a implementação e o acompanhamento dessa estratégia. A partir da revisão bibliográfica e da pesquisa preliminar de campo, foi desenvolvido o protótipo do modelo final que, em seguida, foi submetido às críticas, sugestões e considerações de especialistas, durante a segunda etapa da pesquisa de campo, conforme o método de pesquisa apresentado. Sendo assim, a consistência e a aplicabilidade do modelo foram constatadas, considerando-se o modelo proposto (um conjunto de etapas seqüenciais) um método para planejar, implementar e acompanhar a estratégia de CRM. Porém, algumas limitações foram observadas e, por último, foram sugeridas algumas atividades futuras, percebendo-se a vanguarda do CRM e a carência do mercado. / Inserted in a very competitive scenery, the organizations excel by achieving the sustainable competitive advantage, although it has been more and more ephemeral. In this context, appears the customer relationship management (CRM) as a business strategy. Based on the personalized relationship marketing and on the information technology infrastructure, the CRM represents a viable solution for achieving the sustainable competitive advantage. It must be emphasized, nevertheless, the relevance of the organizational processes and the people, once they constitute the company that adopts the CRM\'s strategy. On the other hand, it is observed that the matter of managing the relationship with the client, stands out in the academic and market environments. In this way, this research\'s object of study is the CRM\'s strategy, presenting as general objective, the proposition of a model for planning, implementing and following the CRM\'s strategy. This work is characterized as an exploratory research of a qualitative approach, using the bibliographical and field researches as procedures to achieve its general objective. It can be noticed that, at first, the bibliographical research approaches the general aspects about CRM and further on, the focus represents the literature models and/or approaches about the planning, implementation and follow up of this strategy. Based on the bibliographical revision and preliminary field research, it was developed a prototype of the final model that was submitted to specialists\' critiques, suggestions and considerations, during the second phase of the field research, in accordance with the research\'s method presented. This way, the model\'s consistency and applicability were verified, considering the proposed model (a set of sequential phases) a method to plan, implement and follow the CRM\'s strategy. However, some limitations were observed and finally, some future activities were suggested, noticing the CRM\'s vanguard and the market\'s need.

Diese Dissertation untersuchte individuelle Anpassungsprozesse, die psychologische Distanz in Fernbeziehungen (FB) reflektieren und regulieren. Es wurde postuliert, dass Beziehungsqualität und -stabilität ohne Präsenz des Partners gesichert wird, indem viele kompensatorischen Prozesse auf die wahrgenommene Verfügbarkeit des Partners (Bowlby, 1969/1980), abzielen. Die Ergebnisse zeigen dass die im Vergleich zu zusammenlebenden Paaren erhöhte Bindungsängstlichkeit bei FBs die inkonsistente Verfügbarkeit des Partners reflektiert, und insgesamt für die Beziehungsentwicklung weniger schädlich ist als Vermeidung. Bindung reguliert ferner die psychologische Distanz durch den Einfluss auf adaptive Kommunikationsprozesse. Wenn Aspekte wie sexuelle Zufriedenheit nicht kompensiert werden können, scheinen FBs ihre Einschätzung der Beziehung stark auf Momente des Sehens und die Beziehungsqualität zurückzuführen. / This dissertation proposed how relationship quality and stability in long-distance relationships (LDRs) is maintained without physical presence of the partner by basing compensatory processes on perceived partner availability, a core component of attachment theory (Bowlby, 1969/1980). The findings indicate that heightened anxiety reflects the inconsistent partner availability in LDRs, and is less detrimental to relationship development than avoidance. Attachment orientations further regulated the psychological distance between partners by influencing adaptive and protective communicative processes. There was indication that when relational aspects, such as sexual satisfaction, cannot be compensated for, LDRs base their evaluation on face-to-face experiences and general relationship quality indicators. 1

Abstract In this research we focus on MLM companies in Taiwan area, interrelationship between each direct sales and how their own characteristics affect business. Our goal is to understand the uplink and downlink interrelationship in order to improve the their relationship in direct sales companies. This will promote the uplink to help downlink into fast development state and improve the business. As for MLM system, every direct sale does not have legal contract with MLM Company and every marketing unit act as an independent unit. On the other hand, every direct sales requires other units for support and makeup the whole MLM system. Therefore, the relationship between uplink and downlink is the base and strength element of MLM system. Researchers discover that direct sales joins in the MLM system is based on product requirement market more than open market or potential market. Therefore, all those direct sales need to take product requirement market into concern. If the product has large requirement market then it will be easier for the direct sales to expend their MLM system. For those people who did not join into direct sale their direct downlink will be their classmates and friends. In long term direct sales marketing, classmates and friends market are not enough, we need to walk out and open stranger market. In order to gain new market we need to continuously build up new relationship with all kind of people and only this will continuously expend the direct sales market. After direct sales join the MLM system, during the interaction with uplink it will go through initial state, enhance state, stable state and independent state four different states. Every single state will affect the relationship between uplink and downlink on how they build up, maintain and expend. During the direct sales time period we need to think of different tactics base on each state in order to achieve successful direct sales marketing. During each state when we are the uplink then we need to think how to lead the downlink into the whole system and make them become one of the whole system. In order to build up the long term relationship between direct sales and direct sales system is based on trust and mutually beneficial. In direct sales market the relationship between uplink and downlink makeup the base strength of the whole direct sales system. Therefore, enhance the relationship between the uplink and downlink is the key element in successful direct sales market. When direct sales are leading all the downlink they need to use admiration and inspirer as enhance elements. Let downlink learn, grow and independent and lead into road of success. Direct sales market mainly focus on ¡§duplicate¡¨. Therefore, uplinks pass all kind of successful ideas into downlinks and build up the strength base on the interaction between uplinks and downlinks. This is the truth strength behind the MLM.

Šio darbo autorė Sigita Čiurlienė aptaria tarpusavio santykių aspektus ir jų demokratinę raišką; demokratinių santykių sampratą; demokratinių santykių kūrimo veiksnius. Svarbiuose Lietuvai dokumentuose akcentuojami demokratiniai santykiai. Žymūs mokslininkai tyrė ir aprašė tarpusavio santykius, tačiau pasigendama išsamių darbų nagrinėjančių tarpusavio santykių pobūdį. Šio tyrimo tikslas-išanalizuoti demokratinius santykius mokyklos bendruomenėje ir nustatyti veiksnius darančius jiems įtaką. Tikslui pasiekti buvo suformuluoti tokie tyrimo uždaviniai: mokslinės literatūros pagrindu atskleisti demokratinių santykių sampratą; ištirti mokinių ir mokytojų požiūrį į demokratinius santykius ir jiems įtakos turinčius veiksnius; nustatyti santykių tarp mokinių, mokytojų ir mokinių pobūdį, pateikti rekomendacijas. Tyrimo metodai: mokslinės literatūros analizė - demokratinių santykių sampratos analizavimui; mokinių apklausa – buvo sudarytos anketos, kurios padėjo atskleisti mokinių požiūrį į demokratinius santykius ir veiksnius darančius jiems įtaką; interviu – nustatyti mokytojų požiūrį į demokratinius santykius ir veiksnius darančius jiems įtaką; stebėjimas - santykių tarp mokinių, mokytojų ir mokinių pobūdžiui nustatyti. Remiantis literatūros analize, moksleivių ir mokytojų apklausa ir mokinių stebėjimu, buvo suformuluotos šios išvados: Mokslinės literatūros analizė atskleidė, kad demokratiniai santykiai yra grindžiami aktyviu dalyvavimu, pagrįsti abipuse pagarba, pasitikėjimu... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The master thesis of Sigita Čiurliene, deals with the issue of social relationship in school society and its democratic expression. It is an attempt to give a definition of social relationship and to show the main ways of its creation and development in learning environment. The concept of democratic relationship is emphasized in Lithuanian main documents. Famous scientists investigated and described social relationship but we are short of exhaustive works in this field. The author’s objective in this paper is to analyze democratic relationship in school community and to find out the main factors influenced this relationship. The main focus is to provide analyses of the following problems: determination of social relationship in school society; investigation of students’ and teachers’ attitude towards social relationship and different factors influenced it; analyses of the relationships between students and teachers and their nature. In accordance with the analyses of special literature, students’ and teachers’ interviews and observation of students there were made the following conclusions: analyses of scientific literature have disclosed that democratic relationship stipulated active participation based on two- way exchange with respect, trust, openness and it is of the same importance to all members of the society. Only in such learning environment students and teachers become partners. The empirical part of given analyses has disclosed that... [to full text]

The present study evaluated a newly developed self-report questionnaire assessing young adults’ perceptions of their parents' current differential treatment of them and their siblings. This study also explored the influence of young adults' perceptions of parental differential treatment (PDT) on their general adjustment, sibling relationship quality, and romantic relationship adjustment. Attachment style was hypothesized to mediate the relations between PDT and these psychosocial outcomes in young adulthood. Participants included 275 university students and non-student community participants aged 18 to 25 years. Participants completed multiple-choice questionnaires assessing the variables of interest. The factor structure of the new measure of perceptions of PDT was confirmed by results of confirmatory factor analysis using structural equation modelling, and this new measure showed good internal consistency and good convergent validity when compared to another widely used self-report measure of PDT. Young adults’ perceptions of higher overall levels of PDT, regardless of which sibling was favoured, and their perceptions of being treated less positively than their siblings were associated with poorer general and romantic relationship adjustment, more insecure attachment style, and poorer quality sibling relationships. A control variable, social desirability, was found to be related to self-reports of lower levels of perceived PDT, more secure attachment style, more positive parent-child and sibling relationships, and better general and romantic relationship adjustment. Results of path analyses showed that attachment style partially mediated the relations between maternal and paternal PDT and sibling relationship quality. Attachment style fully mediated the relations between maternal and paternal PDT and adjustment, and between maternal PDT and romantic relationship adjustment. PDT was related to sibling relationship quality even after accounting for the influence of overall parent-child relationship quality and perceptions of unfairness of PDT. The present study’s strengths and limitations and the implications of the current findings for clinical practice and future research are discussed. / Graduate

Inseridas num cenário altamente competitivo, as organizações primam pelo alcance da vantagem competitiva sustentável (VCS), embora essa última seja, cada vez mais, efêmera. Nesse contexto, surge o customer relationship management (CRM) como estratégia de negócio. Fundamentado no marketing de relacionamento personalizado e na infra-estrutura da tecnologia de informação, o CRM representa uma solução para viabilizar o alcance da VCS. Entretanto, deve-se enfatizar a relevância dos processos organizacionais e das pessoas, visto que eles compõem a empresa que adota a estratégia do CRM. Por outro lado, observa-se que o assunto sobre a gestão do relacionamento com o cliente destaca-se nos ambientes da academia e do mercado. Desse modo, esta pesquisa tem como objeto de estudo a estratégia de CRM, apresentando como objetivo geral a proposta de um modelo para planejar, implementar e acompanhar a estratégia de CRM. Este trabalho caracteriza-se como sendo uma pesquisa exploratória de abordagem qualitativa, utilizando a pesquisa bibliográfica e a pesquisa de campo como procedimentos para o alcance do seu objetivo geral. Nota-se que, inicialmente, a pesquisa bibliográfica aborda os aspectos gerais sobre o CRM e, mais adiante, o enfoque representa os modelos e/ou abordagens da literatura sobre o planejamento, a implementação e o acompanhamento dessa estratégia. A partir da revisão bibliográfica e da pesquisa preliminar de campo, foi desenvolvido o protótipo do modelo final que, em seguida, foi submetido às críticas, sugestões e considerações de especialistas, durante a segunda etapa da pesquisa de campo, conforme o método de pesquisa apresentado. Sendo assim, a consistência e a aplicabilidade do modelo foram constatadas, considerando-se o modelo proposto (um conjunto de etapas seqüenciais) um método para planejar, implementar e acompanhar a estratégia de CRM. Porém, algumas limitações foram observadas e, por último, foram sugeridas algumas atividades futuras, percebendo-se a vanguarda do CRM e a carência do mercado. / Inserted in a very competitive scenery, the organizations excel by achieving the sustainable competitive advantage, although it has been more and more ephemeral. In this context, appears the customer relationship management (CRM) as a business strategy. Based on the personalized relationship marketing and on the information technology infrastructure, the CRM represents a viable solution for achieving the sustainable competitive advantage. It must be emphasized, nevertheless, the relevance of the organizational processes and the people, once they constitute the company that adopts the CRM\'s strategy. On the other hand, it is observed that the matter of managing the relationship with the client, stands out in the academic and market environments. In this way, this research\'s object of study is the CRM\'s strategy, presenting as general objective, the proposition of a model for planning, implementing and following the CRM\'s strategy. This work is characterized as an exploratory research of a qualitative approach, using the bibliographical and field researches as procedures to achieve its general objective. It can be noticed that, at first, the bibliographical research approaches the general aspects about CRM and further on, the focus represents the literature models and/or approaches about the planning, implementation and follow up of this strategy. Based on the bibliographical revision and preliminary field research, it was developed a prototype of the final model that was submitted to specialists\' critiques, suggestions and considerations, during the second phase of the field research, in accordance with the research\'s method presented. This way, the model\'s consistency and applicability were verified, considering the proposed model (a set of sequential phases) a method to plan, implement and follow the CRM\'s strategy. However, some limitations were observed and finally, some future activities were suggested, noticing the CRM\'s vanguard and the market\'s need.