Biological and chemical analysis of water samples, collected from surface and subsurface streams was preformed to determine the quantity and biologic sources of enteric contamination in the Double Springs Groundwater Basin, an urban karstified carbonate aquifer under Bowling Green, Kentucky. Major flow paths, drainage basin boundaries and geologic/hydrologic relationships were identified for the basin. Analysis of biologic contaminates using fecal coliform /fecal streptococcus counts and ratios were conducted for baseflow and storm events and related to the Double Springs hydrographs. Analysis was also conducted to determine the source of sulfides responsible for the growth of sulfur fixing bacteria in the Overflow Spring resurgence. Research findings revealed that enteric contamination concentrations were below maximum acceptable levels during baseflow condition throughout the basin. During high discharge events, bacteria levels increased and exceeded acceptable levels by 12 to 30 times. Waste was determined to be animal or human in origin depending on storm event, intensity of rain, time of year and time between events. Bacteria counts from rural sources were insignificant and were exceeded by urban bacteria counts by 1000 times. It was determined that an urban environment can have a large impact on biologic water quality in karstified aquifers. The source of sulfides in the basin was determined to be caused by migration of high sulfate water from a lower confined aquifer.

Due to recent land use changes, runoff has greatly increased In Bowling Green, necessitating the drilling of nearly 600 drainage wells to direct storm water into the Lost River Karst Aquifer. Research was conducted to (1) differentiate areas of the city as optimal for removal of storm water runoff, (2) correlate lithologic features between wells, and (3) determine optimal depths to which new drainage wells should be drilled. This was accomplished using maximum capacity tests, correlation of lithologic features between wells and comparing void density to depth below the land surface. It was only possible to develop general trends in the areal distribution of voids throughout the city, hence: specific optimal areas for removal of storm water runoff could not be differentiated. The correlation of voids between wells was possible alone both the regional dip and strike of the beds. It was also determined that the greatest potential for intersecting voids was in the first 6 meters of borehole, but no clear cut depth criteria were developed, although recommendations were made pertaining to drilling new wells to an optimal, functional depth.

Southwest of Bowling Green, Kentucky, is the Western Pennyroyal, is a karstified area which has been neglected in the study of its ground water. About 100 square miles near Adairville were chosen for analysis to help rectify this lack of knowledge. The area is dominated by Sinking Creek, a surface-subsurface drainage system. The main purpose of the study was to map the underground flow in the Sinking Creek area. The drainage system seemed to be typical for the Western Pennyroyal and exhibited many similarities to flow paths known in the Central Kentucky Karst. The investigation proved to be of basic value to future studies dealing with water well location, pollution of subsurface streams and karst-related flooding problems. The geographic scope of the study area extends from the rise of Sinking Creek to the origin of its headwaters in the residual outlying knobs of the Dripping Springs Escarpment to the north. Most of the area is a sinkhole plain developed mainly on the Ste. Genevieve and St. Louis limestones of Mississippian age. Map and field reconnaissance of the study area revealed the presence of 12 sinking streams, 6 resurgences and 5 caves, all occurring at or below 600 feet in elevation. On the basis of the physical features mentioned, two hypotheses were devised to explain their development and their relationship to the hydrology of the area. The first hypothesis was that the sinking stream and resurgences in the study area are connected in a single drainage system. This hypothesis was testable by physically determining subsurface connections in the field. The second hypothesis was that the sinking streams are controlled by the stratigraphy of the lithologic units. Diversion of surface streams occurs at or near the 600 foot elevation level, upon flowing from the Ste. Genevieve to the St. Louis limestone. This hypothesis was field tested by standard geologic methods. The determination of surface-subsurface stream connections was carried out by standard water tracing techniques using Rhodamine W.T. dye (20 percent solution) and fluorescein dye. The dye was injected into the streams, and samples were collected and then analyzed in the laboratory with a Turner fluorometer. Positive dye connections were obtained in all 5 traces. In addition to dye tracing, a large amount of field reconnaissance and subsurface mapping was necessary to determine the nature of the geologic controls on the surface-subsurface drainage system. Numerous rock outcrops and 5 caves were explored; one cave was mapped for over 4,000 feet. The lithologic studies proved to be inconclusive for the entire study area, but enough evidence was collected to support lithologic stream control in one cave stream segment. The culmination of the research design was to present the results of dye tracing and field work with a written description, graphs, and especially a map showing the connections established by the research.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-21T18:15:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 LAIS LUANA MASSUQUETO.pdf: 10747332 bytes, checksum: dce20a7b2c5e87170c7006153648b8fd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-03-26 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This work aims to study on the tourist management in Pinheiro Seco cave, located at the triple border among the municipalities of Castro, Dr. Ulysses and Cerro Azul, in state of Paraná. The caves that exist in this region are inserted in the Ribeira Valley Speleological Province and are developed in carbonate rocks belonging to the Itaiacoca Group (metadolomites and limestones). The Pinheiro Seco region demonstrates enormous potential of geotourism inasmuch as at this location there is one of the largest concentrations of carbonate caves in the state. The caves have great scientific value, justified by the diversity of features existing in such environment, which evidence genetic and evolutionary processes. The underground galleries stand out for greatness, being among the largest caves of the state, surpassing hundreds of meters of linear development. Furthermore, the variety of speleothems provides uniqueness and beauty to the caves. Currently, numerous caves are known in this region, which are the following presented in this work: Pinheiro Seco cave, Ribeirão Areial grotto, Catedral da Luz cave, Barreiro Imbuial cave and Monjolo cave. The local has other known caves, but not yet studied, as well as the place demonstrates a high probability of new speleological discoveries. Although this region is not yet a tourist hub, a few visits occur to the caves without any type of control, which may cause various risks to the speleological patrimony. Because this area is of great environmental importance,the combination of tourism with actions aiming minimal impact on geodiversity and biodiversity is essential, insofar as without a management of local tourism the natural site will be subject to various negative impacts resulting, consequently, in the degradation of this natural environment. Speleological researches, evolving several environmental mapping and surveying, were accomplished in order to identify and to characterize the natural and geotourism potential of the area subject of this essay. Beyond such surveying, a pilot study was developed in the region about the tourism carrying capacity and a map of the environmental weaknesses, in the Prinheiro Seco cave. The results may indicate actions to discipline the tourism use of natural resources in the region, seeking the geoconservation. / Este trabalho tem como objetivo realizar um estudo sobre o manejo turístico na gruta de Pinheiro Seco, situada na tríplice divisa dos municípios de Castro, Doutor Ulysses e Cerro Azul, no Estado do Paraná. As cavernas existentes nesta região estão inseridas na Província Espeleológica do Vale do Ribeira e têm seu desenvolvimento em rochas carbonáticas pertencentes ao Grupo Itaiacoca (metadolomitos e metacalcários). A região de Pinheiro Seco apresenta significativa potencialidade geoturística, pois neste local está uma das maiores concentrações de cavernas carbonáticas do Estado. As cavidades possuem grande valor científico, justificado pela diversidade de feições presentes nestes ambientes, as quais evidenciam processos genéticos e evolutivos. As galerias subterrâneas destacam-se por suas dimensões, estando entre as maiores cavernas do Estado, ultrapassando centenas de metros de desenvolvimento linear. Além disso, a diversidade de espeleotemas propicia singularidade e beleza às cavernas. Atualmente, são conhecidas nesta região inúmeras cavidades subterrâneas, sendo as seguintes indicadas neste trabalho: gruta de Pinheiro Seco, gruta Ribeirão do Areial, gruta Catedral da Luz, caverna Barreiro do Imbuial e caverna do Monjolo. O local ainda possui outras cavernas conhecidas, porém ainda não estudadas, bem como demonstra alta probabilidade de novas descobertas espeleológicas. Apesar desta região ainda não ser um pólo turístico, ocorrem algumas visitas às cavernas sem nenhum tipo de controle, o que pode causar diversos riscos ao patrimônio espeleológico. Pelo fato desta área ser de grande importância ambiental, a combinação do turismo com ações objetivando mínimo impacto sobre a geodiversidade e biodiversidade na área em questão é primordial, visto que sem uma gestão do turismo local os sítios naturais ali presentes estarão sujeitos a diversos impactos negativos resultando, consequentemente, na degradação do meio natural. Pesquisas espeleológicas, envolvendo mapeamento e levantamentos ambientais diversos, foram realizados nessas cavidades subterrâneas com a finalidade de identificar e caracterizar o potencial natural e geoturístico da área foco dessa dissertação. Além destes levantamentos, foi desenvolvido um estudo piloto na região sobre capacidade de carga turística e mapeamentos de fragilidades ambientais, na gruta de Pinheiro Seco. Com os resultados destes estudos é possível indicar ações que disciplinem o uso turístico dos locais naturais na região, visando a geoconservação.

Chemical analysis of samples collected from subsurface streams and wells were analyzed to identify nonpoint pollutants in karst aquifers resulting from agricultural land use. Major flow paths and travel times taken by nonpoint pollutants were identified. A land use limitation map showing areas where agricultural activities may results in nonpoint pollution of the karst aquifer was prepared. A groundwater susceptibility map was prepared to show areas of the karst aquifer most susceptible to groundwater contamination by nonpoint pollution resulting from agricultural land use. Research findings revealed that pollutant concentrations may reach levels thousands of times greater during high discharge events than during baseflow conditions. Approximately thirty-five percent of the drainage basin was considered to have serve limitations for conventional agricultural land use. Fifty-eight percent had moderate limitations while only seven percent had slight limitations and were considered acceptable for conventional agricultural land use. Lineaments, fracture traces and sinkholes were plotted on a map to revel those areas to the karst aquifer that are susceptible to groundwater contamination as a result of agricultural activities. Recommendations for agricultural best management practices were made in terms of reducing the potential for contributing pollutants to the karst aquifer.

Bowling Green, Kentucky is located in a distinctive karst region, characterized by subsurface drainage. The Lost River is a large subsurface stream which flows beneath the city. It receives much of the stormwater runoff from Bowling Green, since most of the city's runoff is directed underground. Significant pollutants in Bowling Green's stormwater runoff were identified from water quality test results of storm event grab samples, and a composite sample, of runoff entering the urban By-Pass Cave. Water quality test results were also obtained from storm event grab samples, and a composite sample, of the Lost River at the Blue Hole before it reached Bowling Green and at the Resurgence after it had passed beneath Bowling Green. Significant pollutant test results from the Blue Hole and Resurgence were analyzed to determine the impact of urban stormwater runoff on the water quality of the Lost River. Suspended solids were the only urban runoff pollutant identified as entering the Lost River in significant quantities. Animal waste, iron, and oil and grease were identified as stormwater runoff pollutants of the Lost River, but whose origin, either urban or rural, could not be conclusively determined from the available data.

Includes copies of author's previously published works / Guano deposits in caves form a rich food resource supporting diverse arthropod communities. Guano piles consist of distinct micro - habitats, fresh, moist, highly basic guano and older, dry, slightly acidic guano. Micro - habitat variation is strongly controlled by seasonal guano deposition that, in turn, effects the structure of arthropod communities. The maternity chamber of Bat Cave, Naracoorte, South Australia, contains extensive guano deposits supporting 38 species from three classes and 12 orders. This community was studied to determine spatial and temporal variation of arthropod communities, and biogeographic relationships between different regions in Australia. Species richness forms a positive linear relationship with pH, in situ moisture content and guano deposition. Many species show strong associations with fresh guano and hence are strongly seasonal, although some species are present throughout the year. Arthropod community structure in winter was found to be more closely related to prior summer arthropod structure than to subsequent seasons. Starlight Cave near Warrnambool, western Victoria, the only other maternity site for Miniopterus schreibersii bassanii, contained 43 species from 39 families and 14 orders. Seven species are common to both caves. The community structure of Starlight Cave was found to be more homogeneous than Bat Cave with samples clustering by season rather than sample year as was the case at Bat Cave. Different cave morphology was found to significantly alter the micro - habitat conditions and, hence, community structure in Starlight Cave compared with Bat Cave. Migration of guano associated arthropods at local, regional and continental scales was assessed using mtDNA and allozyme electrophoresis the pseudoscorpion genus Protochelifer as a model organism. Phylogenetic tree reconstruction revealed a wide geographic distribution of cavernicolous species across southern Australia. Cave colonisation is believed to have occurred only once, followed by dispersal to the Nullarbor Plain and other caves in south - eastern Australia. Dispersal was possibly phoretic on cave bats or occurred prior to aridification of surface environments that currently restricts migration. The distribution of guano - associated arthropods from arid, semi - arid and monsoonal karst areas in Australia are compared with temperate south - eastern Australia. Different climatic areas show large biogeographical differences in community structure, although similar families ( Urodinychidae, Reduviidae, Anobiidae, Carabidae and Tineidae ) are present in many Australian guano communities. Several potential mechanisms of dispersal are discussed including phoresy, colonisation from soil, terrestrial migration and interstitial cavities. Endemism to specific caves cannot be definitely assigned to any species, although 13 species show restricted distribution. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, 2006.

NASCIMENTO, Jefferson Regis Dantas do. Prospecção espeleologica de dolinas e cavernas e seus controles estruturais na área 3d boa Esperança-Município de Felipo e Guerra,RN. 2010. 96 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em geologia)-Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza-CE, 2010. / Submitted by Elineudson Ribeiro (elineudsonr@gmail.com) on 2016-06-07T18:15:31Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2010_dis_jrdnascimento.pdf: 4615860 bytes, checksum: ccda44f4373b5b5d11643ea5896cdbc0 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by José Jairo Viana de Sousa (jairo@ufc.br) on 2016-07-21T19:30:32Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2010_dis_jrdnascimento.pdf: 4615860 bytes, checksum: ccda44f4373b5b5d11643ea5896cdbc0 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-21T19:30:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2010_dis_jrdnascimento.pdf: 4615860 bytes, checksum: ccda44f4373b5b5d11643ea5896cdbc0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / The work was this dissertation was focused on the structural study of cave exploration and carbonate rocks (limestone) from Jandaira Formation in Potiguar Basin. Mapping were performed on pre-defined area in order to locate and identify natural cavities and tectonic structures, finally, made espeleometria cave discoveries. The study focused near the town of Felipe Guerra in an area of 22.4 km2, composed of four flagstones. The studies began with the choice of the area where the exploration was performed Speleological along sections spaced on average 100 m, following the seismic lines of Petrobrás. At this stage it was identified 12 caves with linear development varied. In a second step we performed the statistical survey on the surface of flagstones with the aid of GPS geodetic, measuring tape and compass of the parameters: size, width, depth and attitude of fractures and joints. In the third and last stage of the field were carried out espeleometria 10 of 12 cavities identified. With three stages of the field completed the data were interpreted and cross, creating a final product with results that showed that the structures (fractures and joints) on the surface of the flagstones have preferences directions N - S, NE - SW and NW - SE , which coincide with the regional structures and influencing the formation of most caves studied. The Dolina dos Ossos the largest and most representative of the 12 cavities shows the strong tectonic control printed in carbonate rocks of Jandaíra Formation. The printout revealed by structures in carbonate rocks of Jandaíra Formation shows the strong tectonic control active in times past and current intensified by the action of water through fractures promoting the dissolution of karst. / O trabalho que constituiu esta Dissertação de Mestrado foi focado no estudo estrutural e espeleológico de rochas carbonáticas (calcários) da Formação Jandaíra, na Bacia Potiguar. Foram realizados mapeamento em área pré-definida com o intuito de localizar e identificar cavidades naturais e estruturas tectônicas, por fim, feita a espeleometria das cavernas descobertas. O levantamento se concentrou nas proximidades do município de Felipe Guerra em uma área de 22,4 km², composta por quatro lajedos. Os estudos tiveram início com a escolha da área, onde foi realizada a prospecção espeleológica ao longo de seções espaçadas em média de 100 m, seguindo as linhas sísmicas da Petrobrás. Nesta fase identificou-se 12 cavernas com desenvolvimento linear variado. Em uma segunda etapa foi realizado o levantamento estatístico na superfície dos lajedos, com o auxílio de GPS geodésico, trena e bússola, dos parâmetros: tamanho, largura, profundidade e atitude das fraturas. Na terceira e ultima etapa de campo foram realizadas a espeleometria de 10 das 12 cavidades identificadas. Com as três etapas de campo finalizadas os dados obtidos foram interpretados e cruzados, gerando um produto final com resultados que mostraram que as estruturas (fraturas e juntas) presentes na superfície dos lajedos possuem direções preferências N – S, NE – SW e NW – SE, as quais coincidem com as estruturas regionais e influenciam na formação da maioria das cavernas estudadas. A Dolina dos Ossos a maior e mais representativa das 12 cavidades revela o forte controle tectônico impresso nas rochas carbonáticas da Formação Jandaíra. A impressão revelada através das estruturas nas rochas carbonáticas da Formação Jandaíra nos mostra o forte controle tectônico atuante em épocas pretéritas e atuais intensificadas pela ação da água através das fraturas promovendo a dissolução do carste.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:32:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2006-07-28Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:43:15Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 spoladore_a_dr_rcla.pdf: 3487772 bytes, checksum: ddf3b5ed1d4ef9d5845db22e96de83e5 (MD5) / A Geologia e a Geo-Espeleologia, através de suas técnicas consagradas, podem ser importantes aliados para o planejamento de atividades turísticas em ambientes naturais. Com tal visão, foi desenvolvido este trabalho tendo como proposta principal a apresentação de uma metodologia para se estudar áreas com potencial para a implantação de atividades referentes ao turismo em áreas naturais e em especial, para o espeleoturismo. Como local para o desenvolvimento desta pesquisa elegeu-se o município de São Jerônimo da Serra, Paraná. Tal localidade foi selecionada devido ao seu bom potencial para o turismo natural, uma vez que em São Jerônimo da Serra aparecem diversas quedas d'água, cavernas, mirantes naturais e outros locais considerados como atrativos naturais. / The Geology and the Geo-Speleology, through their consecrated techniques, can be important allies for the planning of tourist activities in natural places. With such vision, this work was developed tends as main proposal the development of a methodology to study areas with potential for the implantation of activities regarding the natural tourism and, especially, for the speleoturism. As place for the development of this research it was chosen the municipal district of São Jerônimo da Serra, Paraná State. Such place was selected due for the good potential for the natural tourism, once in São Jerônimo da Serra are located several waterfalls, caves, natural observatories and other places that considered as natural attractions.

Orientador: Luiz Roberto Cottas / Banca: Carlos de Almeida Nóbrega / Banca: Chisato Oka Fiori / Banca: Marta Felicia Marujo Ferreira / Banca: Iandara Alves Mendes / Resumo: A Geologia e a Geo-Espeleologia, através de suas técnicas consagradas, podem ser importantes aliados para o planejamento de atividades turísticas em ambientes naturais. Com tal visão, foi desenvolvido este trabalho tendo como proposta principal a apresentação de uma metodologia para se estudar áreas com potencial para a implantação de atividades referentes ao turismo em áreas naturais e em especial, para o espeleoturismo. Como local para o desenvolvimento desta pesquisa elegeu-se o município de São Jerônimo da Serra, Paraná. Tal localidade foi selecionada devido ao seu bom potencial para o turismo natural, uma vez que em São Jerônimo da Serra aparecem diversas quedas d'água, cavernas, mirantes naturais e outros locais considerados como atrativos naturais. / Abstract: The Geology and the Geo-Speleology, through their consecrated techniques, can be important allies for the planning of tourist activities in natural places. With such vision, this work was developed tends as main proposal the development of a methodology to study areas with potential for the implantation of activities regarding the natural tourism and, especially, for the speleoturism. As place for the development of this research it was chosen the municipal district of São Jerônimo da Serra, Paraná State. Such place was selected due for the good potential for the natural tourism, once in São Jerônimo da Serra are located several waterfalls, caves, natural observatories and other places that considered as natural attractions. / Doutor