Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal

L’existence d’une relation entre les troubles cardio-métaboliques composant le syndrome métabolique et une hyperactivité sympathique est bien admise dans la littérature sans que la relation causale entre ces deux entités soit clairement définie. Nos travaux sur un modèle murin d’hyperactivité sympathique constitutive (délétion partielle et/ou complète du transporteur de recapture de la noradrénaline) ont permis de mettre en évidence le rôle de celle-ci dans le développement de troubles glucidiques : 1) Une augmentation de l’activité sympathique est un facteur suffisant pour le développement de troubles glucidiques précoces associant une intolérance au glucose à une hyperinsulinémie basale sans hyperglycémie. 2) Ces désordres seraient dus à un retard de sécrétion d’insuline en réponse au glucose, probablement consécutif à une sous-expression du transporteur GLUT2. Ces résultats montrent que l’hyperactivité sympathique chronique pourrait constituer un facteur pronostic permettant le diagnostic précoce de patients à risque de développer des troubles de l’homéostasie glucidique et ouvre des perspectives dans le traitement du diabète de type 2. / Several studies have established an association between cardiometabolic disorders composing the metabolic syndrome and sympathetic hyperactivity. The causal relationship is however not clearly defined. Our work on a murine model of constitutive sympathetic hyperactivity (partial and / or complete deletion of the norepinephrine reuptake transporter) highlights its role in the development of carbohydrate disorders: 1) An increase in the sympathetic activity is a sufficient factor for early carbohydrate disorders associating glucose intolerance with basal hyperinsulinemia without hyperglycemia. 2) These disorder are thought to be due to a delay in insulin secretion in response to glucose stimulation, probably consecutive to a decreased expression of the GLUT2 transporter. These results show that chronic sympathetic hyperactivity may constitute a prognostic factor allowing the early diagnosis of patients at risk to develop glucose homeostasis disorders and opens perspectives in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Cette thèse porte sur l’implication du remix dans la création plastique à l’ère de la dématérialisation numérique. Beaucoup d’éléments comme la technicité du médium, la malléabilité des contenus, la banalisation de la transgression du droit d’auteur ou la mise à disposition sans précédent de matériaux, impactent directement la création. Tout ceci donne lieu à de multiples stratégies de création par, pour, avec ou hors Internet. Les œuvres sont ouvertes, processuelles, interactives. L’art numérique est foisonnant et le remix y occupe une place de choix. C’est donc dans la longue histoire du remix artistique et dans celle inédite de la création numérique que j’ai choisi d’inscrire une recherche création. Artiste depuis plus de dix ans, j’ai eu à articuler une « recherche > création » (« sur l’art » et sur mes œuvres passées) et une « création > recherche » (sur mes œuvres en train de se faire). Lors de la « recherche > création », l’hypothèse de la filiation de mon travail avec le remix numérique m’a conduit à saisir, d’un point de vue théorique, les termes de la rencontre fructueuse du remix avec l’art numérique, puis à faire une analyse de sept de mes œuvres passées. Elle a souligné la portée critique et la diversité de mes remix et de leurs dominantes : la mise en jeu du droit d’auteur ; le rapport au temps et à l’interactivité ; la critique de l’abondance informationnelle ; et la collection, intention et principe de création. Cette « recherche > création » n’a pris tout son sens qu’avec la création de trois nouvelles œuvres lors de la « création > recherche ». La poursuite de mon hypothèse m’a invité à mettre en jeu la définition couramment admise du remix réflexif, notamment sa portée référentielle. Mes dernières œuvres sont nées de cette rupture et d’une intention non plus critique, mais expérimentale. Elles m’ont permis de distinguer un « remix distancié » qui va plus loin que le remix réflexif dans le sens d’une complète dissolution de l’original qui lui a donné vie. / The focus in this thesis is on the implications of remix in the art field within the digital dematerialisation era. Many elements like the technicality of the medium, the malleability of the contents, the banalisation of copyright infringement or the unprecedented availability of materials impact creation directly. All this has given birth to multiple creation strategies by, for, with or out of the Internet. Artworks are open, processual, interactive. Digital art is a flourishing movement and remix occupies a key place within. It is thus in the long history of artistic remix and the new emerging history of digital creation that I chose to enrol in a research creation. As an artist for more than ten years, I have had to articulate a ‘research > creation’ (‘on art’ and my past artworks) and a ‘creation > research’ (on my artworks in progress). During the period of ‘research > creation’, the assumption of the filiation of my work to digital remix led me to examine, from a theoretical point of view, the terms of the fruitful encounter between remix and digital art and then to apply the analysis to seven of my previous artworks. This brought to light the critical range and the diversity of my own remix and their dominance: the liability of the copyright; the relationship to time and interactivity; the criticism of informational abundance; and the collection as an intention and a principle of creation. This ‘research > creation’ has been ‘rendered real’ with the creation of three new artworks during the ‘creation > research’. The exploration of my hypothesis led me to jeopardise the generally accepted definition of reflexive remix, in particular its referential range. My latest artworks were born from this disruption and of an intention which was no longer critical, but experimental. These artworks enabled me to distinguish a ‘outpaced remix’ which goes beyond reflexive remix in the direction of a complete dissolution of the original from which each one derived.

This thesis proposes an approach for automatic code generation from a Colored Petri net specification. Two tools were developed for the aforementioned purpose, a Colored Petri net editor to create and modify Colored Petri nets, and an automatic code generator to generate code from a Colored Petri net specification. Through the use of the editor four models were created, these models were used as input to the automatic code generator. The automatic code generator successfully generated code from the Colored Petri net specification, code in the form of component scripts for the Unity3D game engine. However, the approach used by the code generator had flaws such as introducing overhead in the generated code, failing to deal with concurrency, and restricting the types of Colored Petri nets which could be used as input. The aforementioned tools could be used in the future to research the benefits and disadvantages of modeling game systems with Colored Petri nets, and automatically generating code from Colored Petri nets.

Submitted by Leonardo Cavalcante (leo.ocavalcante@gmail.com) on 2018-04-11T13:02:19Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Arquivototal.pdf: 4814584 bytes, checksum: a01470b985864178cb5a4c6300d87f4a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-11T13:02:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Arquivototal.pdf: 4814584 bytes, checksum: a01470b985864178cb5a4c6300d87f4a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-08-12 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / This research investigates the formation of the net-activist movement "Põe no Rótulo", which appeared in digital social networks in February 2014, in order to sensitize society to the need for clear and precise information on allergenic ingredients on food labels. The study aims to understand how the interactions among subjects, technologies, territories and digital networks produced this net-activist action. The hypothesis of the research is that new communication and information technologies have produced an atmosphere able to approach and connect humans and nonhumans around common issues, promoting and stimulating actions that tensions the status quo. To understand this ambience, we chose the theoretical framework that recognizes the net-activism in the context of action and networked interaction. Thus, we seek support in Actor-Network Theory, in Connective Action, in Cosmopolitics, in Political Ecology, in Politician Transfiguration, as well as in the Networking, Ecology, Science Network Complexity, Social Networks and Digital Social Networks concepts. The study investigates the movement "Põe no Rótulo" interactions on the action's fanpage on Facebook, from February 2014 to June 2015. We conclude that movement "Põe no Rótulo" reveals the power of feeling and acting together, energized by networked digital materiality. / A presente pesquisa investiga a constituição do movimento net-ativista “Põe no Rótulo”, que surgiu nas redes sociais digitais em fevereiro de 2014, com objetivo de sensibilizar a sociedade para a necessidade de informações claras e precisas sobre ingredientes alergênicos nos rótulos de alimentos. O estudo tem como objetivo principal compreender o modo como as interações entre sujeitos, tecnologias, territórios e redes digitais produziram esta ação netativista. A hipótese da pesquisa é que as novas tecnologias de comunicação e informação produziram uma ambiência capaz de aproximar e conectar humanos e não humanos em torno de questões comuns, fomentando e dinamizando ações que tensionam o status quo. Para compreender esta ambiência, optamos pelo recorte teórico que reconhece o net-ativismo na perspectiva da ação e da interação em rede. Assim, buscamos apoio na Teoria Ator-Rede, no Ato Conectivo, na Cosmopolítica, na Ecologia Política, na Transfiguração do Político, bem como nas concepções de Rede, Ecologia, Complexidade, Ciência das Redes, Redes Sociais e Redes Sociais Digitais. O estudo investiga as interações do movimento “Põe no Rótulo” na fanpage da ação no Facebook, no período de fevereiro de 2014 a junho de 2015. Concluímos que o Movimento “Põe no Rótulo” revela a potência do sentir e agir junto, dinamizados pela materialidade digital em rede.

The paper investigates net lending and net borrowing flows of the institutional sectors in Europe since the introduction of the Euro in 1999. Applying a simple statistical apparatus, this paper is novel in describing the sectoral behavior leading up to and during the crisis. We find that (1) many countries of the Northern group were characterized by low public deficits or even budget surpluses, current account surpluses and a private sector in a net lending position. In countries of the Southern periphery, in the Anglo-Saxon countries as well as in many Eastern European Economies private sector net borrowing coincided with a budget deficit and substantial current account deficits. (2) With the onset of the crisis private net lending soared in all countries while all governments incurred deficits, consistent with the notion of a balance sheet recession. (3) Private net lending is pro-cyclical, reinforcing the economic downturn, while public net lending is countercyclical in all countries. (4) Household net lending tends to lead the business cycle, while corporate net lending tends to lag it especially in the Northern group. (5) Prominent concepts asserting causal relationships in sectoral net lending, such as Ricardian equivalence and the twin deficit hypothesis are not supported by the data. (authors' abstract) / Series: Ecological Economic Papers

Rede de Petri é uma poderosa ferramenta de modelagem gráfica e matemática bastante aplicada no desenvolvimento de projetos de sistemas de eventos discretos. Porém a sua aplicação na análise e interpretação de tais sistemas torna-se inviável por resultar em modelos grandes, com muitos elementos gráficos. Para solucionar tal problema, vários pesquisadores têm concentrado esforços no desenvolvimento de novas extensões e métodos de síntese de rede de Petri, para reduzir o tamanho dos modelos e assim facilitar a sua aplicação e análise de sistemas grandes e complexos. Rede de Petri Virtual é uma nova extensão de rede de Petri que possibilita a modelagem de tais sistemas de forma modular. Cada elemento do sistema é representado por um módulo e a comunicação entre eles é feita através dos nós virtuais. Esse trabalho formaliza a definição de rede de Petri virtual, desenvolve algoritmo e procedimento de junção dos módulos para gerar o modelo final, uma rede de Petri ordinária que representa o sistema completo. / Petri net is a powerful graphical and mathematical modeling tool commonly used to project Discrete Events Systems. The increasing complexity of such systems does not allow the use of Petri net tools due to the large size of the models (many graphical elements), which is difficult to understand and analyze. Due to this fact, researchers have been made efforts to the development of new synthesis methods for Petri nets, in order to reduce the models size and become easier its use and the analysis task of the systems properties. Virtual Petri net is a new kind (extension) of Petri net, combining its best in control and representation of discrete events systems to the best of modular modeling. This king of Petri net allows to build up models of complex systems from the modules that represent its elements, linked by the virtual nodes. The present work formalizes the definition of Virtual Petri Net. Also develops an algorithm to its use in the discrete events systems and presents a procedure to link and assemble the modules in the whole model. The modular modeling makes easier the understanding and graphical visualization of the system, keeping the final model the same features of the common Petri nets.

As the speed and complexity of computers have increased so have software and the expectations of users. Software development follows a straightforward evolution where complicated tasks are made easier by better tools; this repeats itself as those tasks in turn are automated. Software mechanics that were seen as revolutionary a decade ago are seen as obvious requirements that no multimedia application can be without. dotNet is the next step in line and makes it easier and faster to build software. This report focuses on the development of a multimedia platform developed in dotNet. It does this by developing the tools and framework from which a complete game can be built. A game is selected because it combines the most aspects of multimedia development, such as interaction, graphics, sound & music. The report goes further by describing why the game looks like it does as well as the mechanics of the game and the benefits of the dotNet platform. / Allteftersom hastigheten och komplexiteten hos datorer har ökat så har också användarens förväntningar ökat. Mjukvaruutveckling följer en klar linje där problem görs enklare genom bättre verktyg och automatisering. Denna cykel repeterar sig själv, vilket i sin tur för nivån uppåt som programmerare arbetar på. Attribut som för ett årtionde sedan var revolutionerande är idag en självklarhet som ingen multimediaplattform skulle klara sig utan. dotNet är nästa steg av verktyg och lösningar som gör det snabbare och enklare att utveckla mjukvara. Denna rapport fokuserar på utvecklingen av en multimediaplattform gjord med dotNet och vad för attribut som gör en sådan plattform bra eller dålig. Rapporten åstadkommer detta genom att följa utvecklingen av ett ramverk som kan användas för att skapa ett komplett spel. Utvecklingen av ett spel väljs på grund av de många multimedia-aspekter som går att återfinna, exempelvis interaktion, grafik, ljud & musik. Rapporten utvecklar på detta genom att beskriva de attribut som gör ett bra spel samt interaktion och fördelarna dotNet fört med sig.

Detta är en avhandling om hur vi utfört ett projekt som ger vår kund Ninetech en enkel översikt av loggar. Letande av specifik information såsom loggar i stora system kan vara tidskrävande. Så var fallet för företaget Ninetech. Företagets vilja var därav att ha en webbplats för att presentera loggar i ett översiktligt format. Webbplatsens syfte var att underlätta och minska tiden vid letande efter loggar. Att förkorta tiden är viktigt eftersom loggarna innehåller värdefull information som företaget använder för att lösa supportärenden. Webbplatsen som skapats är en fullständig produkt som levererats till företaget och körs i produktion. I projektet har vi haft en nära kontakt med kund, därav har en agil metod tillämpats. Som resultat har webbplatsen tillfört behovet att finna loggar snabbt och enkelt. Webbplatsen har blivit en del av Ninetechs vardagliga arbete. Störst fokus i avhandlingen ägnas åt vyn som presenterar loggar. / This is a dissertation on how we performed a project that gives our customer Ninetech a simple overview of logs. Searching of specific information such as logs in large systems can be time consuming. This was the case for the company Ninetech. Therefore, the company’s will was to have a website to present the logs in a simple format. The website’s purpose was to facilitate and reduce the time when searching for logs. It is important to shorten the time because the logs contain valuable information that the company uses to resolve support issues. The website created is a complete product delivered to the company and is currently running in production. In the project, we have had a close contact with the customer, hence has an agile method applied. As a result, the website has brought the need to find logs quickly and easily. The website has become a part of Ninetech's everyday work. The main focus of the dissertation is devoted to the view that presents logs.

De nos jours, les workflows sont largement utilisés par les entreprises et les organisations en vue d’améliorer l’efficacité organisationnelle, la réactivité et la rentabilité en gérant les tâches et les étapes de processus opérationnels. La vérification des spécifications est devenue obligatoire afin d’assurer que ces processus sont correctement conçus et atteignent le niveau de confiance et de qualité attendu.Dans ce contexte, cette thèse porte sur la vérification de spécifications modales – comportements nécessaires ou recevables impliquant plusieurs activités et leurs causalités – de workflows nets – une classe de réseaux de Petri adaptés à la description de workflows. En particulier, cette thèse définit un cadre novateur permettant de modéliser les exécutions de workflow nets,avec ou sans données, et de vérifier des spécifications modales à l’aide de systèmes de contraintes. Elle présente également deux méthodes de réduction préservant la "generalised soundness" et la validité d’une spécification modale donnée. Ces méthodes de réduction sont ensuite présentées comme des étapes de prétraitement réduisant la taille des workflow nets, de sorte que la vérification des propriétés conservées puisse être effectuée sur de plus petites instances. Enfin, cette thèse présente les outils qui ont été mis en oeuvre ainsi que des expérimentations qui ont été menées sur un grand nombre de workflows industriels afin de valider les approches proposées dans cette thèse. Ces résultats expérimentaux convaincants mettent en évidence l’efficacité, l’efficience et le passage à l’échelle de la méthode vérification de spécification modales ainsi que des méthodes de réduction introduites dans cette thèse. / Nowadays workflows are extensively used by companies and organisations in order to improve organizationaleffciency, responsiveness and profitability by managing the tasks and steps of business processes. Theverification of specifications has become mandatory to ensure that such processes are properly designedand reach the expected level of trust and quality. In this context, this thesis addresses the verification ofmodal specifications – necessary or admissible behaviour involving several activities and their causalities –of workflow nets – a Petri nets class suited for the description of workflows.In particular, it defines an innovative constraint system based framework to model executions of ordinary as wellas coloured workflow nets, and verify modal specifications. Further, it presents powerful reduction methodspreserving properties of interest such as generalised soundness and correctness of a given modal specification.Such reduction methods are then portrayed as pre-processing steps reducing workflow nets size, so that theverification of preserved properties can be carried out on smaller instances.Finally, as a practical contribution, this thesis introduces the tools that have been implemented as well asexperimentations that have been carried out over industrial workflow nets in order to validate the approachesproposed in this thesis. The convincing experimental results highlight the effectiveness, effciency andscalability of the modal specification verification method and reduction methods introduced in this thesis.