Québec Université Laval, Bibliothèque 2013

Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal.

This PhD comprises a work of fiction and a dissertation, both of which explore childhood, children and parenthood. The Imagined Child, the novel, closely examines the nature of parenthood, the expectations inherent in the parent-child relationship, and the responsibilities that society imposes on parents. It explores the strains of guilt and blame that surround all primary relationships: every child is damaged in some way – through nature and nurture. How they deal with that damage determines the kinds of adults – and ultimately the kinds of parents – they become. The dissertation approaches childhood as a literary device. It explores the ways in which four novelists from different historical periods have characterised and thematised childhood. It presents ‘childhood’ as a social construct and considers the ways in which childhood and parenting have changed in recent, Western history. It then focuses on the research into and literary representations of children in Africa to explore the versions of childhood inherited by African, and particularly South African, children and how this differs from American or European models. Textual analysis was employed to examine the representation of childhood in four texts: Charles Dickens’s David Copperfield (1850), L.P. Hartley’s The Go-Between (1953), Harper Lee’s To Kill a Mockingbird (1960), and Michiel Heyns’s The Children’s Day (2002). An examination of research and literature shows a very different trajectory for childhood in Africa than in Europe, and reveals that childhood on the continent has never been consistent, in life or literature. There is, in other words, no universal “African childhood”. The literary children of South Africa are examined not only to show how differently childhood is experienced in diverse segments of society, but also to measure the temperature of the times. The differing versions of literary childhood, and their varying treatments, provide a gauge for the zeitgeist in South African society from the 1990s. The dissertation argues that an examination of literary children provides insight into the development of a new democracy. The dissertation and the novel, taken together, suggest that through the real and imagined children of literature can be gained a sense of ourselves.

A presente dissertação investiga os artigos referentes à literatura (prosa ficciconal e poesia) de O Novo Mundo Periódico Ilustrado do Progresso da Idade, publicado em Nova Iorque, Estados Unidos, entre 1870 e 1879, para distribuição e circulação no Brasil. Em língua portuguesa, o periódico foi fundado por José Carlos Rodrigues (1844-1923), seu principal redator, e contou com um grupo de colaboradores que, nutrindo admiração pelos rumos do desenvolvimento da nação norte-americana, acreditavam no modelo estadunidense como solução para os problemas político-sociais brasileiros. O exame dos artigos que tratavam da conformação da literatura brasileira nas páginas do periódico mostra que ele pode ser visto à semelhança da revista Niterói, publicada na França em 1836, e considerada demarcadora da tendência literária romântica, junto à obra Suspiros Poéticos e Saudades (1836), de Domingos José Gonçalves de Magalhães. A comparação se justifica na medida em que O Novo Mundo foi também um lugar privilegiado a partir do qual se pode observar a renovação da produção literária ao longo da década de 1870. Foi nesse periódico que Machado de Assis publicou, em março de 1873, em caráter inédito, o ensaio literário Instinto de Nacionalidade, que viria a ser amplamente conhecido e celebrado pela crítica literária brasileira como marco do esgotamento do Romantismo brasileiro e indicativo da renovação que a produção local sofreria com a obra machadiana e as novas doutrinas do Realismo e do Naturalismo. / This study investigates the articles referring to the literature (fiction prose and poety) of O Novo Mundo Periódico Ilustrado do Progresso da Idade, published in New York, United States, between 1870 and 1879 for distribution and circulation in Brazil. All written in Portuguese, the newspaper was founded by José Carlos Rodrigues (1844-1923), its chief and it reckoned on a group of collaborators, who nourishing admiration for the course of development of the American nation, believed in the American model as a solution to the socio-political problems in Brazil. The examination of articles dealing with the shaping of Brazilian literature on the pages of the newspaper, shows that it can be compared to Niterói magazine, published in France in 1836, and considered a demarcator of the romantic literary trend, with the work of Domingos José de Magalhães, Suspiros Poéticos e Saudades (1836). The comparison is justified to the extent that O Novo Mundo was also a privileged place from which the renewal of literary production during the 1870s can be seen. It was in this period that Machado de Assis published in March 1873, for the very first time, the literary essay \"Instinto de Nacionalidade,\" which would become widely known and celebrated by Brazilian literary critics as a landmark of exhaustion of Brazilian romanticism and an indicative of the renewal that local production would suffer from Machados work and the new doctrines of Realism and Naturalism.

Remarquant la nature transfrontalière des défis politiques et culturels soulevés par la guerre franco-allemande de 1870-1871, cette thèse propose d’interroger l’expérience de la neutralité dans les sociétés de trois États – le Danemark, la Suisse et la Belgique – choisis pour leur complémentarité en matière de stratégie, de géographie, d’institutions et d’organisation constitutionnelle. Documents diplomatiques, archives administratives, journaux, publications contemporaines du conflit, témoignages artistiques, correspondances et carnets privés servent une étude transnationale déclinée en trois principales orientations. La première met en lumière l’environnement technique et technologique dans lequel évoluent les neutres, les sentiments que trahissent leurs témoignages ainsi que leurs efforts pour devenir et rester non-belligérants. La deuxième questionne l’engagement des neutres dans la guerre à travers, notamment, le parcours de philanthropes et de soldats volontaires. La troisième orientation pose enfin une question a priori paradoxale : le neutre est-il un vainqueur ou un vaincu du conflit franco-allemand ? / Noting the cross-border nature of the political and cultural challenges raised by the Franco-German War of 1870-1871, this doctoral thesis proposes to question the experience of neutrality within the societies of three States – Denmark, Switzerland and Belgium – chosen for their complementarity in terms of strategy, geography, institutions and constitutional organisation. Diplomatic documents, administrative archives, newspapers, publications, artistic works, letters and private documentation serve a transnational study divided into three main directions. The first direction reveals the technical and technological environment in which neutrals operate, the feelings betrayed by their testimonies and their efforts to become and remain non-belligerent. The second direction interrogates the involvement of the neutrals during the war through – among others – the trajectories of philanthropists and volunteer soldiers. The third orientation poses a seemingly paradoxical question: is the neutral a victor or a vanquished of the war of 1870-1871 ?

A presente dissertação investiga os artigos referentes à literatura (prosa ficciconal e poesia) de O Novo Mundo Periódico Ilustrado do Progresso da Idade, publicado em Nova Iorque, Estados Unidos, entre 1870 e 1879, para distribuição e circulação no Brasil. Em língua portuguesa, o periódico foi fundado por José Carlos Rodrigues (1844-1923), seu principal redator, e contou com um grupo de colaboradores que, nutrindo admiração pelos rumos do desenvolvimento da nação norte-americana, acreditavam no modelo estadunidense como solução para os problemas político-sociais brasileiros. O exame dos artigos que tratavam da conformação da literatura brasileira nas páginas do periódico mostra que ele pode ser visto à semelhança da revista Niterói, publicada na França em 1836, e considerada demarcadora da tendência literária romântica, junto à obra Suspiros Poéticos e Saudades (1836), de Domingos José Gonçalves de Magalhães. A comparação se justifica na medida em que O Novo Mundo foi também um lugar privilegiado a partir do qual se pode observar a renovação da produção literária ao longo da década de 1870. Foi nesse periódico que Machado de Assis publicou, em março de 1873, em caráter inédito, o ensaio literário Instinto de Nacionalidade, que viria a ser amplamente conhecido e celebrado pela crítica literária brasileira como marco do esgotamento do Romantismo brasileiro e indicativo da renovação que a produção local sofreria com a obra machadiana e as novas doutrinas do Realismo e do Naturalismo. / This study investigates the articles referring to the literature (fiction prose and poety) of O Novo Mundo Periódico Ilustrado do Progresso da Idade, published in New York, United States, between 1870 and 1879 for distribution and circulation in Brazil. All written in Portuguese, the newspaper was founded by José Carlos Rodrigues (1844-1923), its chief and it reckoned on a group of collaborators, who nourishing admiration for the course of development of the American nation, believed in the American model as a solution to the socio-political problems in Brazil. The examination of articles dealing with the shaping of Brazilian literature on the pages of the newspaper, shows that it can be compared to Niterói magazine, published in France in 1836, and considered a demarcator of the romantic literary trend, with the work of Domingos José de Magalhães, Suspiros Poéticos e Saudades (1836). The comparison is justified to the extent that O Novo Mundo was also a privileged place from which the renewal of literary production during the 1870s can be seen. It was in this period that Machado de Assis published in March 1873, for the very first time, the literary essay \"Instinto de Nacionalidade,\" which would become widely known and celebrated by Brazilian literary critics as a landmark of exhaustion of Brazilian romanticism and an indicative of the renewal that local production would suffer from Machados work and the new doctrines of Realism and Naturalism.

O tema do presente estudo é a construção da brasilidade na obra de João Ribeiro. A partir da análise de duas de suas obras História do Brasil (1900) e A Língua Nacional (1921) busco compreender o esforço de um letrado do final do século XIX e início do XX em contribuir para constituição (ou reconstituição) e divulgação de elementos distintivos da nacionalidade brasileira. Principalmente através do saber historiográfico e lingüístico. A História do Brasil e A Língua Nacional são as duas obras em que João Ribeiro colocou em prática a intenção de interpretar e compreender o Brasil como um país autônomo em sua especificidade histórica e lingüística. Esta especificidade, segundo ele, se deve basicamente a formação miscigenada da população brasileira. / The subject of the present study is the construction of the brazility in the work of João Ribeiro. Departing of analysis of two of his works History of Brazil (1900) and The National Language (1921) I find to understand the effort of the erudite man, in the ends of the Century XIX and begins of the Century XX, to contribute for constitution, reconstitution and divulgation of the distinctive elements of the Brazilian nationality. Mainly through of the historiographic and linguistic knowledge, The History of Brazil and The National Language are the two works that João Ribeiro puts in practical his intention of the to interpret and to understand the Brazil how an autonomy country in its historical and linguistics especifities. According to João Ribeiro, this specificity to apply basicaly in the miscegenated formation of the Brazilian population.

Der 1.000-jährigen Ersterwähnung der urbs libzi durch den Bischof Thietmar von Merseburg im Jahr 1015 wird in Leipzig vielfach und kreativ gedacht. Zahlreiche Veranstaltungen, Kolloquien und Ausstellungen widmen sich diesem Ereignis auf unterschiedliche Art und Weise. Am 9. April 2015 wurde in der Leipziger Stadtbibliothek die in Kooperation mit der Leipziger Industrie- und Handelskammer gestaltete Ausstellung „Leipzig wird groß – Die Leipziger Wirtschaft von 1870–1914“ in Anwesenheit vieler interessierter Besucher eröffnet. Auf 16 Schautafeln und in 10 Vitrinen wurde bis zum 20. Juni die rasante Entwicklung der Leipziger Industrie und des Handels nach Inbetriebnahme der Leipzig-Dresdner Eisenbahn im Jahr 1839 präsentiert. Bis dato war Leipzig weithin als Messe-, Buch- und Pelzstadt bekannt. Die Vernetzung mit den sich in Deutschland – trotz Kleinstaaterei – entwickelnden Eisenbahnstrecken und der Ausbau von Bahnhöfen als Verkehrsknotenpunkte schufen ideale Bedingungen für ein enormes Wachstum aller in der Stadt schon vorhandenen und sich neu etablierenden Wirtschaftszweige.

Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal

Il y a plus d’un siècle, le penseur et anarchiste Gustav Landauer (1870-1919) était considéré comme « l’agitateur le plus important du mouvement révolutionnaire radical » en Allemagne. Si l’on se souvient parfois de sa participation à la République des conseils de Bavière et de son assassinat par les troupes contre-révolutionnaires, l’écho suscité par son œuvre s’est rapidement estompé. Son corpus hétéroclite connaît pourtant un vif regain d’intérêt aujourd’hui.Sa génération fit les frais – et la critique – de rapides transformations sociales, économiques et culturelles. Sur fond d’un sentiment de déprise individuelle, Landauer dénonça la massification des structures sociales et chercha à concevoir – dans la pensée et dans l’action – le modèle d’une nouvelle alliance, non autoritaire, articulant les aspirations individuelles et l’esprit de solidarité présent en chacun. Dans la vie politique et intellectuelle de l’Allemagne wilhelmienne, l’auteur se signale par son opposition à l’organisation impériale comme à la social-démocratie d’obédience marxiste. Contre la politique de la table rase et contre la croyance en un progrès nécessaire de l’humanité, Landauer estime que le changement doit être impulsé par l’intervention des individus et des groupements dans le cours de l’histoire. Plus que la simple insurrection individuelle, Landauer explore le potentiel révolutionnaire de la communauté vécue tout en théorisant la nécessité des révolutions pour faire communauté. Son « socialisme culturel » est une tentative pour susciter, ici et maintenant, la création de nouveaux rapports entre les êtres humains.Ses analyses constituent une entrée privilégiée dans les problématiques majeures de son époque, qu’elles soient politiques, sociales, littéraires ou philosophiques. Cette monographie resitue la réflexion de Gustav Landauer dans les débats de son temps et discute de ses implications pour une pensée et une action émancipatrice jusqu’à nos jours. / More than a century ago, thinker and anarchist Gustav Landauer (1870-1919) was considered as “the most important agitator of the radical revolutionary movement” in Germany. Nowadays, Landauer is sometimes remembered for his role in the Bavarian Council Republic and for being murdered by counter-revolutionary troops, but the echo of his work has faded away. However, his heterogeneous work currently meets with a vivid renewed interest.His generation criticised the quick social, economic and cultural transformations, while bearing their costs. Landauer’s feeling of individual disentanglement founded his criticism of the massification of all social structures. He tried to conceive – both in thought and action – the model for a new and non-authoritarian alliance, one which could combine the personal yearnings and the spirit of solidarity found in every individual. In the political and intellectual life of Wilhelmine Germany, Landauer opposed both the imperial organisation and the Marxist social-democracy. In opposition with politics willing to make a clean slate of the past and against the belief in a necessary progress of humanity, Landauer believed that change had to stem from the intervention of individuals and small groups in the course of history. More than mere individual insurrection, Landauer explored the revolutionary potential of experienced community, and he theorised the necessary role of revolutions in bringing community together. His “cultural socialism” is an attempt to trigger, here and now, the creation of new relationships between human beings.His analyses offer valuable insight into the major issues of his time, be they political, social, literary or philosophical. This monography places Gustav Landauer’s thought back in the debates of his time. It also discusses its consequences for emancipatory thought and action up to the present day.