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The Peace Pledge Union was Britain's premier pacifist organization during the years of the Second World War, and Vera Brittain one of its most influential leaders. Neither has been the subject of close historical examination. The Union, founded fifty years ago by Canon 'Dick' Sheppard, was a direct product of the "never again" mood so pervasive in Britain during the 1920s and 1930s, although its sources of inspiration and principles resulted from deeper traditions. The heritage of the Peace Pledge Union was Christian, Radical, Liberal, Dissenting, Humanitarian and Socialist. It was also peculiarly English because the experience of relatively stable parliamentary government made generous allowance for the expression of dissent. But the Second World War placed British democracy and its associated traditions in a crucible. Yet the vitality of these values was sustained by the Peace Pledge Union and other voices of dissent. Until recent years radical groups and their leaders have tended to be relegated to the sidelines of history as the "also rans", a tendency that has arguably distorted the historical balance. The present study seeks to contribute to a partial redressing of this balance by exploring the inspiration, background and work of the wartime Peace Pledge Union. By its continued existence, and determination to express its minority view, the Peace Pledge Union made an important contribution to the maintenance of the democratic right of dissent and the privileges of English parliamentary democracy. / Thesis / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

Although bacteriophage was discovered some twenty-odd years ago, little is yet known of its real nature. It has been investigated extensively, but is still best known by its notion on micro-organisms susceptible to it. When a small amount of bacteriophage is added to a young culture of susceptible organisms it brings about their dissolution, or lysis within a few hours. The time required for this phenomenon is variable, but the importance of the result is readily recognized and was immediately of great interest to medical men. At first it appeared that in this substance had been found a “cure-all” for all bacterial diseases, and it has been from the therapeutic as well as the physico-chemical standpoints that it has been investigated. The subsequent work with this material did not bear out the glowing reports of D’Herelle. The results from its therapeutic use were so inconsistent that it was not long before its use had been generally discarded. Many explanations were offered for the variable clinical results. Although D’Herelle (8) states that the body fluids do not inactivate phage, Colbin (5 & 6) reports to the contrary. The idea of greater specificity of the phage to the susceptible organism has also been advanced, but very little work has been done to demonstrate the degree of specificity that does exist. In this work, the author has assumed that a specificity comparable to serological specificities does not exist and has endeavored to show this with different strains and species of the gene Escherichia. The proof of a species or strain specificity in this germ would warrant the hypothesis that such specificity does also exist in other pathogenic genes and thus a better explanation for the therapeutic inconsistencies resulting from the use of commercially prepared phages might be advanced. / Master of Science

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Thesis (M.A.)--Texas State University--San Marcos, 2009. / Vita. Reproduction permission applies to print copy: Blanket permission granted per author to reproduce. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 105-116).

W tym roku mija 70 lat (1939-2009) od wybuchu II wojny światowej, dlatego postanowiłam opracować wydarzenia z okresu wojennego, zwłaszcza, że wojna miała ogromny wpływ na kulturę polską . Dana praca magisterska składa się ze: wstepu, dwóch rozdziałów (teoretycznego i praktycznego) oraz zakończenia. Pierwsza część pracy przedstawia losy literatów polskich po wybuchu II wojny światowej. W tym celu skupiłam się na przedstawieniu losów literatów pod okupacją niemiecką, sowiecką (Lwów, Wilno) oraz na emigracji, szczególnie na Zachodzie. Przedstawiając losy literatów polskich autorka często się zetknęła z kilkoma wersjami śmierci, występowało wiele niedomówień dotyczących losów pisarzy polskich. Sytuacja osobista pisarzy miała ogromny wpływ na ich twórczość . W danym rozdziale zostały przedstawione także straty jakie poniosła kultura polska w czasie II wojny światowej. Z kolei druga część pracy została poświęcona wydarzeniom wrześniowym w poezji polskiej. Autorka szczególnie zwróciła uwagę i przestawiła bohaterstwo żołnierzy polskich na podstawie utworów poetyckich. W drugiej części pracy utwory poetyckie zostały poklasyfikowane, ze względu na to, jakich wydarzeń dotyczyły (1 września, 17 września, obrona Warszawy, poszczególne bitwy i inne). Głównym celem rozprawy było przedstawienie wydarzeń wrześniowych w poezji polskiej, przedstawienie bohaterstwa żołnierzy polskich oraz losów literatów polskich po 1939 roku. Praca magisterska była napisana za pomocą następujących metod:... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Rugsėjis lenkų poezijoje. Istoriniai įvykiai literatūroje Šiais metais minime II pasaulinio karo 70-šimtmetį, todėl nusprendžiau parengti (parašyti) darbą apie karo įvykius, o dar ir todėl, kad karas turėjo didelės įtakos lenkų kultūrai. Šis magistro darbas susideda iš: įžangos, dviejų skyrių (teorinio ir praktinio) ir išvadų. Pirmas darbo skyrius vaizduoja lenkų literatų likimus prasidėjus II pasauliniui karui. Dėmesio centru tapo tų lenkų literatų likimai, kurie gyveno vokiečių ir sovietų okupojamuose miestuose (Lvove, Vilniuje), ir tų poetų, kurie emigravo, ypač į Vakarus. Rinkdama medžiagą apie lenkų litaratų likimus, dažnai susidurdavau su keliomis mirties versijomis, apie tai yra daug nutylima. Asmeninis poetų gyvenimas istoriškai susiklosčiusioje realybėje darė įtaką jų kūrybai. Šis skyrius taip pat parodo, kokia žala buvo padaryta lenkų kultūrai II pasaulinio karo metu. Antras darbo skyrius vaizduoja rugsėjo įvykius poezijoje. Ypač atkreipiau dėmesį į parodytą lenkų literatūros kūriniuose kareivių didvyriškumą. Šioje dalyje poezija suklasifikuota pagal tai, apie kokius įvykius yra kalbama (rugsėjo 1, rugsėjo 17, Varšuvos gynimas, atskiri mūšiai ir kt.) Pagrindinis darbo tikslas buvo pavaizduoti rugsėjo įvykius lenkų poezijoje, lenkų kareivių didvyriškumą ir lenkų literatų likimus po 1939 metų. Magistro darbe panaudojau šiuos metodus: teksto analizės, paieškos, interpretacijos ir istoriniu metodu. / September in Polish poetry. Historical events in literature. This year we celebrate the 70th anniversary of World War II, therefore I decided to prepare (to write) a master’s thesis about the war events also because this war had a great effect on the Polish culture. This master’s thesis consists of an introduction, two chapters (theoretical and practical), and conclusions. The first chapter of the thesis describes the destinies of Polish litterateurs upon commencement of World War II. The destinies of those Polish litterateurs, who lived in the cities occupied by the Germen and Soviets (Lvov, Vilnius) and those poets who emigrated, especially to the West have become the focus of attention. By collecting materials about the destinies of Polish litterateurs, I frequently confronted with several versions of their death, what had been concealed a lot. Personal life of poets in the historically established reality had an effect on their creative work. This chapter also demonstrates what damage has been done to the Polish culture during World War II. The second chapter of the thesis depicts the September events in poetry. I paid special attention to the heroism of soldiers demonstrated in the Polish literary works. Poetry has been classified in this chapter according to the type of events discussed (September 1st, September 17th, defence of Warsaw, specific combats, etc.). The main goal of the thesis was to describe the September events in the Polish literature, the heroism... [to full text]

Thesis (M.A.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of History, 1993. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 242-256).

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Melbourne, Dept. of History, 2007. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.A.)--University of Manitoba, Spring 2001. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 175-179).