No description available.

Ce mémoire de maitrise porte sur la Force intérimaire des Nations Unies au Liban (FINUL). Nous nous intéressons à la période qui va de 1978 à 2010. Cependant, nous ne pourrons négliger certains éléments importants relatifs à notre objet d'étude qui remontent aux années 1920. La FINUL est l'une des plus « anciennes » Opérations de maintien de la paix (OMP). Son mandat est défi ni par les résolutions 425 et 426 (en 1978) et redéfini par la résolution 1701 (en 2006) du Conseil de sécurité de l'Organisation des Nations Unies (ONU). Elle fut conçue initialement comme une OMP traditionnelle, reposant sur la « doctrine classique » des Nations Unies. La guerre qui opposa les forces israéliennes et le Hezbollah en juillet 2006, força l'ONU à repenser son action et à mettre en place la FINUL renforcée (FINUL II), témoignant ainsi de la volonté des Nations Unies de définir de nouvelles conditions d'engagement. Compte tenu de l'enchevêtrement des dimensions multiples de cette situation aux plans national, régional et international, nous ne pouvons étudier la FINUL uniquement en référence à son mandat au Liban-Sud. Aussi, nous nous sommes intéressés aux dimensions diverses de la crise, notamment aux rapports israélo-libanais, et israélo-arabes, dimensions centrales et importantes de la crise. Avec en toile de fond des questions touchant à la crédibilité des Nations Unies en matière de maintien de la paix. ______________________________________________________________________________ MOTS-CLÉS DE L’AUTEUR : FINUL, FINUL II, Israël, Liban, OMP, ONU.

This thesis considers the nature of primary, intermediate and district high school buildings designed by the Building Department of the Canterbury Education Board from its consolidation in 1916 until its termination in 1989. Before 1916, the influence of British models on the CEB’s predecessors had been dominant, while after that date, Board architects were more likely to attempt vernacular solutions that were relevant to the geographic situation of the Canterbury district, the secular nature of New Zealand education and changing ideas of the relative importance of the key architectural drivers of design i.e. function and form. One development, unique to Canterbury, was that for a short period, from 1924-29, a local pressure group, the Open Air Schools’ League became so powerful that it virtually dictated the CEB’s design policy until the Board architects George Penlington and John Alexander Bigg reassumed control by inflecting the open-air model into the much acclaimed veranda block. The extent to which Board architects had the freedom to express themselves within a framework of funding control exercised by the Department of Education was further circumscribed by successive building codes that, at their most directive, required national standardisation under the 1951 Dominion Basic Plan and to a slightly lesser extent under the1956 code and associated White Lines regime. Following World War 2, the use of prefabricated structures had prompted the recognition that better designed relocatable rooms could hold the key to a more flexible and effective allocation of resources in an environment increasingly subject to rapid demographic change. By the end of the period, the exploitation of new construction technologies and modern materials led to the dominance of the relocatable CEBUS buildings in Canterbury schoolyards. A concurrent development was the response of architects A. Frederick (Fred) McCook and John Sinclair Arthur to the Department’s call to design more flexible spaces, i.e. open planning, to facilitate a change in pedagogical method. Other issues raised in this study are the CEB’s solutions to the challenges of building on the West Coast, and the recurring need to ensure structural integrity in a region where there was a continuous risk of seismic activity.

Cette étude propose l'analyse des écritures de l'Histoire à travers un corpus de huit œuvres romanesques publiées au Québec entre 1980 et 1990. Il s'agit de La Tribu et Les Plaines à l'envers de F. Barcelo, de la trilogie des Fils de la liberté de Louis Caron, du Premier jardin de Anne Hébert, de La Maison Trestler ou le 8ème jour d'Amérique de Madeleine Ouellette-Michalska et d'Un dernier blues pour Octobre de Pierre Turgeon. Là où la langue anglaise distingue " history " et " story ", le français utilise le vocable " histoire ". Si sa polysémie peut engendrer des confusions, elle peut aussi générer les réflexions qui ont sous-tendu cette analyse. Comment l'histoire raconte-t-elle l'Histoire ? Comment les histoires permettent-elles de réécrire une Histoire plurielle dans le Québec des années 1980 ? Pour répondre à ces questions, trois axes sont développés. Le premier s'attache à analyser les rapports fraternels puis fratricides entre la littérature et l'Histoire, disciplines devenues distinctes au XIXème, puis il propose une réflexion sur le roman historique et les écritures romanesques de l'Histoire. Le deuxième axe présente une mise en regard des discours historique et romanesque au sein des œuvres constitutives du corpus. Enfin, dans une troisième partie, notre réflexion nous conduit à analyser les poétiques québécoises afin de montrer comment ces textes participent, par une réécriture mémorielle, à l'émergence d'une identité collective québécoise en cette fin de XXème siècle.

No description available.

No description available.

The thesis investigates the extent to which cross-border taking of evidence in civil and com-mercial matters in relation to Switzerland, South Africa, Botswana, Namibia, Nigeria, and Uganda is allowed. Such evidence-taking is not only governed by the domestic law of the state seeking evidence abroad and that of the state where the relevant means of proof are located, but also by public international law, and more specifically by the concept of sovereignty. The ad-missibility of the cross-border taking of evidence under public international law depends on whether or not evidence-gathering in civil litigation is regarded as a judicial act, which violates sovereignty when performed on foreign territory, or as a purely private act. In the first case, the evidentiary material has to be obtained through channels of international judicial assistance. Such assistance can either be rendered based on the basis of an international treaty, or through courtoisie internationale. No international judicial assistance is necessary in cases of a so-called “transfer of foreign evidence”, provided no compulsion is applied which infringes the sovereignty of the foreign state. The thesis analyses the taking of evidence abroad based on the Hague Evidence Convention, and the Hague Procedure Convention. It further expounds how evidence located in Switzer-land, Botswana, Namibia, Nigeria, and Uganda can be obtained for the benefit of civil proceed-ings pending abroad in the absence of any relevant international treaty. The thesis also exam-ines under what conditions a litigant in civil proceedings in the aforementioned countries may request evidence to be taken on foreign soil. The position of cross-border taking of evidence in civil and commercial matters in the said countries is assessed, and suggestions are made on how such status quo may be improved. The thesis makes an attempt to establish the basic prin-ciples for a convention on evidence-taking in civil and commercial matters between South Af-rica, Botswana, Namibia, Nigeria, and Uganda. The development of such principles, however, is only possible once the similarities and differences in the procedure for the taking of evidence and the means of proof in the relevant laws of the aforesaid countries have been identified. / Public, Constitutional, and International / LL.D.

This study investigates the history of the phenomenon illiteracy and the response of the public library in selected countries for about one hundred and fifty years with particular focus on the Republic of south Africa. The influence that this manifestation has on the individual Black urban adult, the society in which the illiterate adult lives and the economy of the country are sharply focused. The principal argument is that public libraries have historically adapted their services to meet new social challenges, and in South Africa illiteracy among Black urban adults constitutes such a challenge. As an extension of its traditional educational function, the public library is beginning to meet this challenge in the role of literacy support. The reasons for the high illiteracy rate among the Black adult urban population are discussed in their historical context. As far as the methodology is concerned, extensive literature studies were undertaken on international as well as local data bases. Correspondence was entered into with overseas research institutes, academics and consultants. Interviews were conducted to ascertain the most recent developments relating to the literacy problem in a well-defined geographical region. Conclusions are made to the effect that there is a historical imperative for the South African public library system to fully discharge its responsibility to Black South Africans. In order to achieve this the public library in South Africa should re-examine, re-interpret and extend its educational function to include the challenge of the role of literacy support. It is further reconunended that the Provincial Library services in south Africa should coordinate disparate efforts and activities in this regard. The marketing of the public library has become more important in the prevailing economic climate. If the public library wishes to remain an indispensable social institution in the lives of the citizens of South Africa and specifically if it takes the role of literacy support seriously, it will of necessity have to market its services. Other organizational implications for public libraries of this new challenge of literacy support are spelled out clearly and areas requiring further research are indicated. / Information Studies / D. Litt. et Phil.

There is no historiography on Durban coloureds . This work is an attempt to change that . This dissertation is an urban study of a small coloured community in Greenwood Park (GWP) during the apartheid era - a study in which housing is used as a vehicle to examine this community's response to their changing economic and socio-political status from the 1950's to the 1970's. Because of the absence of historical data , this study relies heavily on the contributions of other social sciences . It also uses oral data to fill the many gaps in the story of this marginal group . Chapter 4 and 5 explores housing as a complex physical and social phenomenon. Chapter 6 explores the GWP community's response to their housing environment . In this chapter, the association between housing and socio-economic status is explored . From 1950 to the l 970's, housing became the single most defining entity which kept coloureds trapped in the vortex of privilege and oppression . / History / M. A. (History)

OLIVEIRA, Carlos Augusto Lima. Alguma coisa de desdizer - uma poética ás avessas: cacaso. 2006. 110 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Letras) – Universidade Federal do Ceará, Departamento de Literatura, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Letras, Fortaleza-CE, 2006. / Submitted by Liliane oliveira (morena.liliane@hotmail.com) on 2012-06-22T15:52:47Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2006_DIS_CALOLIVEIRA.pdf: 331715 bytes, checksum: 32513344ce3edd9668244d59a2d57d0f (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Maria Josineide Góis(josineide@ufc.br) on 2012-06-28T11:45:53Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2006_DIS_CALOLIVEIRA.pdf: 331715 bytes, checksum: 32513344ce3edd9668244d59a2d57d0f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2012-06-28T11:45:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2006_DIS_CALOLIVEIRA.pdf: 331715 bytes, checksum: 32513344ce3edd9668244d59a2d57d0f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / The aim of this study is to analyze the poet, composer, professor and reviewer Antônio Carlos de Brito’s artistic and intellectual path, mostly known as Cacaso. He was one of the most important authors and characters of the marginal generation in the seventies. Based on the idea of cultural resistance proposed by some authors concerning the action of some part of the Brazillian intellectuality in the period of militar dictatorship, this thesis investigates the role performed by Cacaso in the intellectual environment, and the way his poetic production is considered not only as a reflection, but also as a weapon of those resistance articulations. According to Michel de Certau’s ideas of tactics and resistances, this thesis analyzes the tactics elements assumed by Cacaso in the legitimation course of his generation as well as the elements presented in his poetry and the way they were revealing of those resistance tactics. / Esse trabalho tem como objeto de pesquisa o percurso artístico e intelectual do poeta, compositor, professor universitário e crítico Antônio Carlos de Brito, o Cacaso, um dos mais importantes autores e personagens daquela que se convencionou chamar de geração marginal, surgida na década de 70. A partir de uma idéia de resistência da cultura, proposta por vários autores a respeito da ação de determinada parcela da intelectualidade brasileira nos anos da ditadura militar, resolveu-se investigar o papel desempenhado por Cacaso no campo intelectual da época e, de que forma, sua produção poética foi também reflexo e armamento dessas articulações de resistência. Fazendo uso das idéias de táticas e resistências retiradas dos estudos de Michel de Certeau, resolveu-se pesquisar os elementos táticos assumidos por Cacaso no percurso de legitimação de sua geração, assim como tentou-se perceber de que forma e que elementos presentes na sua poesia são reveladores dessas táticas de resistência.