Orientador: Sérgio Ferreira do Amaral / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-23T05:14:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Gallana_LiliaMariaReginato_M.pdf: 1590861 bytes, checksum: 85888b70901f33bdd19c024041075206 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: Este trabalho teve sua origem na constatação de alguns aspectos observados em questionários de inscrição para o curso "Utilização de Objetos de Aprendizagem em Sala de Aula Mediatizados pelas Tecnologias Digitais", oferecido pelo Laboratório de Inovação Tecnológica Aplicada na Educação - LANTEC, da Faculdade de Educação da Universidade Estadual de Campinas - UNICAMP. A maioria dos inscritos, professores de matemática do Ensino Fundamental I e II, da rede pública de ensino de todo o Brasil, apontava a utilização social da rede Facebook. Deste fato originou-se a questão de nossa pesquisa: "Quais aspectos interacionais, observados num grupo de uma rede social, constituído por professores de matemática de todo o Brasil, favorecem a colaboração no uso de tecnologias em atividades didáticas em sala de aula?", que realizou-se no período de setembro de 2011 a outubro de 2012, com os professores participantes. O objetivo desta pesquisa é analisar a ocorrência de interação entre professores, num grupo fechado da rede social, verificando quais aspectos interacionais influenciam na construção da colaboração e das trocas de conteúdo, facilitando o uso de tecnologias em sala de aula. Nossa metodologia baseou-se na Pesquisa Exploratória dentro deste grupo, que foi espaço para a mediação e observação das interações ocorridas entre os professores, seguindo como referência as cinco etapas de interação em um grupo virtual, descritas por Salmon (2000). Desta observação e da análise das mensagens postadas pelos professores, verificamos as trocas efetuadas entre os sujeitos e identificamos três categorias de análise dos conteúdos interacionais promovidos pelos professores neste grupo: Trocas Sociais, Consciência Crítica e Trocas Colaborativas. As análises das três categorias sinalizam que o Facebook é um instrumento favorecedor dos processos de elaboração do conhecimento, quando utilizado como instrumento tecnológico de suporte pedagógico. O espaço virtual foi utilizado pelos sujeitos da pesquisa, de diferentes regiões do país, para promover a troca de experiências e informações acerca do dia-a-dia na escola e mostrou-se uma experiência positiva e eficaz, provocando mudança de paradigmas em relação ao seu uso em sala de aula, como ferramenta tecnológica de interação e construção de novos processos de ensino e aprendizagem. / Abstract: The origin of this paper work was to find some features observed in questionnaires registration for the course "Using Learning Objects Inside the Classroom Mediated by Digital Technologies", held by Technology Innovation Laboratory Applied in Education - LANTEC, from Education College in Campinas State University - UNICAMP. Most subscribers, mathematic teachers from Public Elementary and Junior Schools throughout Brazil, indicated the use of the network Facebook. This fact led to the question of our research: "Which interactional aspects, noticed inside a group of a social network, consisting of math teachers throughout Brazil, promote collaboration in the use of technology in learning activities inside the classroom?". The research took place from September 2011 to October 2012 with the participating teachers. The aim of this research is to analyze the interaction of teachers inside a private group of a social network and to verify which interactional aspects have influenced the building of cooperation and content exchanges, making easier the usage of technologies in the classroom. Our methodology is based on the Exploratory Research inside this group, which was the space used for mediating and observation of interactions done by the teachers, following as reference the five steps of interaction in a virtual group, described by Salmon (2000). From this observation and analyses of messages posted by teachers we have verified the exchanges performed between people, and have identified three categories for analyzing the interactional contents made by the teacher in this group: Social Exchanges, Critical Conscience and Collaborative Exchanges. The analyses of these three categories indicate that Facebook is a tool in favor of knowledge elaboration processes, when used as technological instrument for pedagogical support. The virtual space was used by the subjects in the research, from different regions of the country, to promote the exchange of experiences and information about the everyday life in the school and has proved to be a positive and effective experience, resulting in paradigm changes related to its use inside the classroom, as technological tool of interaction and building of new teaching and learning processes. / Mestrado / Ciencias Sociais na Educação / Mestra em Educação

[pt] Recentemente, de maneira mais extensiva, mas desde o fim da década de 90, um fenômeno pôs em cheque os papéis de quem produz e de quem consome informação no mundo. Esta dissertação procura analisar esse fenômeno na internet, chamado aqui de comunicação individual de massa. Especificamente, o foco deste estudo é o site de compartilhamento de vídeos YouTube, cujo slogan é broadcast yourself, ou seja, transmita você mesmo, e que conta com mais de 78 milhões de vídeos publicados – são cerca de 240 mil filmes adicionados todos os dias. Integrante da fase web 2.0, na qual pessoas comuns passaram a publicar textos, fotos, vídeos, comentários, desenhos e outros tipos de conteúdo na internet, o YouTube, originalmente concebido por três amigos desejosos de compartilhar com outros amigos seus vídeos pessoais, hoje integra o Google Inc., um dos maiores grupos do mercado web. Além das réplicas de conteúdos já exibidos no cinema, na TV e em outros meios, a grande maioria dos vídeos publicados e exibidos no site é totalmente inusitada. Para a análise, foram agrupados os vídeos produzidos por usuários comuns em três categorias: filmes virais, de família e videobiografias. Por meio das análises desses filmes e do diálogo com teóricos, são elaboradas questões atuais, como identidade, autoria e agenciamento coletivo, que parecem refletir bem a sociedade conectada. / [en] Recently, more extensively, but since the end of the 90s, a phenomenon has changed the roles of those who produce and consume information in the world. This dissertation attempts to analyze this phenomenon, called here mass self communication, which took place in the internet in recent years. Specifically, the focus of this study is the website YouTube, whose slogan is broadcast yourself, and has over 78 million uploaded videos - about 240 thousand movies are being added there every day. Of the web 2.0 phase, in which ordinary people publish text, photos, videos, comments, drawings and other types of content on the internet, YouTube, originally conceived by three friends willing to share with their group their personal videos, today integrate Google Inc., one of the largest worldwide technology corporation groups. In addition to the large amount of cloned content, copied and digitalized from blockbuster movies, clips, TV soap opera and other sources, most of the videos published and displayed in YouTube are brand new. For the analysis of these videos produced by common users, they were grouped in three categories: viral films, family movies and video biographies. Some selected issues, particularly of identity, authorship and agency are then discussed, raising speculations about the nature and prospects of a interconnected society.

Les travaux présentés dans cette thèse proposent différentes méthodes, réflexions et réalisations associant Web 2.0 et Web Sémantique. Après avoir introduit ces deux notions, nous présentons les limites actuelles de certains outils, comme les blogs ou les wikis, et des pratiques de tagging dans un contexte d’Entreprise 2.0. Nous proposons ensuite la méthode SemSLATES et la vision globale d’une architecture de médiation reposant sur les standards du Web Sémantique (langages, modèles, outils et protocoles) pour pallier à ces limites. Nous détaillons par la suite différentes ontologies (au sens informatique) développées pour mener à bien cette vision : d’une part, en contribuant activement au projet SIOC - Semantically-Interlinked Online Communities -, des modèles destinés aux méta-données socio-structurelles, d’autre part des modèles, étendant des ontologies publiques, destinés aux données métier. De plus, la définition de l’ontologie MOAT - Meaning Of A Tag - nous permet de coupler la souplesse du tagging et la puissance de l'indexation à base d’ontologies. Nous revenons ensuite sur différentes implémentations logicielles que nous avons mises en place à EDF R&D pour permettre de manière intuitive la production et l'utilisation d'annotations sémantiques afin d’enrichir les outils initiaux : wikis sémantiques, interfaces avancées de visualisation (navigation à facettes, mash-up sémantique, etc.) et moteur de recherche sémantique. Plusieurs contributions ont été publiées sous forme d'ontologies publiques ou de logiciels libres, contribuant de manière plus large à cette convergence entre Web 2.0 et Web Sémantique non seulement en entreprise mais sur le Web dans son ensemble. / The work described in this thesis provides different methods, thoughts and implementations combining Web 2.0 and the Semantic Web. After introducing those terms, we present the current shortcomings of tools such as blogs and wikis as well as tagging practices in an Enterprise 2.0 context. We define the SemSLATES methodology and the global vision of a middleware architecture based on Semantic Web technologies (languages, models, tools and protocols) to solve these issues. Then, we detail the various ontologies (as in computer science) that we build to achieve this goal: on the one hand models dedicated to socio-structural meta-data, by actively contributing to SIOC - Semantically-Interlinked Online Communities -, and on the other hands models extending public ontologies for domain data. Moreover, the MOAT ontology - Meaning Of A Tag – allows us to combine the flexibility of tagging and the power of ontology-based indexing. We then describe several software implementations, at EDF R&D, dedicated to easily produce and use semantic annotations to enrich original tools: semantic wikis, advanced visualization interfaces (faceted browsing, semantic mash-ups, etc.) and a semantic search engine. Several contributions have been published as public ontologies or open-source software, contributing more generally to this convergence between Web 2.0 and the Semantic Web, not only in enterprise but on the Web as a whole.

AB Electrolux is a company that focuses on innovative products and collaborationamongst others. Today, they are using their intranet “E-gate” to enhance collaboration.AB Electrolux has recently introduced new Web 2.0 social media technology on E-gate.In contemporary business, it seems like social media and innovations are hot topics; butit is not easy, to implement social media, create innovations, and also make use of it inan organisation. In a majority of organisations are these matters often overrepresented.In organisation different policies, rules, guidelines and employees are involved duringchanges, and this is aiding organisations to establish how social media features canenhance and promote innovation.Nowadays, innovation is significant to organisations, especially when it comes togain advantages toward competitors or when trying to advance in the marketplace. Inthis thesis the collected information is objectively applied. This, in order to gainqualitative knowledge about subjects of interest such as; cultural issues, knowledgemanagement and the socio-technical perspective – because these areas could beconsidered to have a huge effect and impact on innovation. Further it could have aneffect on how innovation emerges in organisations. This is of importance especially inareas such as knowledge sharing and knowledge transfer.The results are showing: Organisational culture and knowledge management plays acrucial and important part of innovation. These areas must be considered iforganisations are implementing or using new technology. It is also to be recommendedwhen organisations are trying to enhance the pace of innovations. In this thesis I havealso constructed a model that illustrates how an organisation could create an innovativeatmosphere, along with a socio-technical perspective.

I denna uppsats undersöks två svenska ideella organisationer utifrån hur de marknadsför sig i sociala medier. Utgångspunkten ligger i olika teorier om hur Internet i och med Web 2.0 blivit en plattform för social interaktion och vilka sociala medier som når ut till många människor. Fokus ligger både på hur organisationerna resonerar kring marknadsföring samt vilka användarbeteenden som finns och hur dessa kan påverka den virala spridningen av marknadsföring på Internet. För att få en inblick i detta har vi utfört intervjuer med representanter med ansvar för sociala medier i de två organisationer som undersökts samt utfört kvantitativa datainsamlingar där vi fört statistik över organisationernas utveckling i de sociala medierna sett till siffror. Utifrån teorier om olika aspekter kring sociala medier samt den kvalitativa och kvantitativa datan har vi kunnat se mycket som pekar mot att sociala medier idag är framstående när det gäller marknadsföring på Internet. / This essay investigates how two nonprofit Swedish organizations market themselves in social media. The foundation is different theories about how Internet in connection with Web 2.0 has become a platform for social interaction and theories about what social media is prominent in terms of reaching out to many people. This essay focuses both on how organizations experience marketing in social media, what user behavior can be distinguished and how it might affect the viral spread of the organizations’ publications online. To gain insight, we performed interviews with representatives who are responsible for the organizations’ social media, and performed quantitative data gathering, in which we conducted statistics on their development in social media in terms of numbers. Based on theories about various aspects of social media and the qualitative and quantitative data, we could see several aspects that indicate that social media are outstanding when it comes to marketing online.

The current state of our web is one where users can create and distribute information freely and without constraining limitations of knowledge. It’s as easy as making a Facebook status update or sending out a Tweet to make contributions to the web and we’re all doing it. Web-Giants like Facebook and Google deinate the web because they have such massive user amounts and therfore they control the information their users see. This is a problem because we’re hidden from the entire information amount that is the web in the 21st century. Today we limit ourself unknowingly by using these sites who implements a personalization approach which tries to show us the information it thinks we want to see. The next generation of the web seeks to open up the web to computers that makes it easier for them to understand and analyse the information on the web. Then they can help us by giving more relevant answers to the questions we ask them and show us what we actually want to see. This papers focus is in how these questions affect the daily life of the digital natives 2.0. What is their views on a web-based life now and in the future. We then go on to use these islands of information to render forth a list of demands one should be able to ask of a web-application in the future we know as Web 3.0.

Knowledge is today one of the most important resources for an organization to handle. But knowledge can also be difficult for organizations to manage. The internet is still growing and new tools take form that allows users to effectively share information. The purpose of this report was to describe how organizations can make use out of internal social media to facilitate knowledge management processes. Three issues involving mapping, coding and dissemination of knowledge to were produced to answer the thesis. The study was limited to examining the identification, coding and dissemination of knowledge through the internal social media plattformen, IBM Connections. The theoretical framework emphasizes how social networks can promote knowledge sharing, how a knowledge mapping can promote knowledge dissemination and sharing, how knowledge can be stored in data sources and how important interaction is to spread awareness. The theory has been supplemented by descriptions of how the system IBM Connections works. Surveys were conducted on four companies that use IBM Connections as an internal communication plattformen. The four companies were selected to illustrate how they use the plattformen of knowledge management processes and we chose to interview the people who were responsible for the introduction of the plattformen. The study identified several similarities between the different companies and that although there were some technical and cultural recalcitrant units against this new type of system within the organization so favored IBM Connections knowledge in several ways. The built-in search automatic created a map of knowledge through the plattform's user profiles. Saved files and documents could be found even after the employees left the company, which encodes knowledge into the company knowledge resources. The opportunity to interact with one another, often over great distances, favored the sharing of knowledge. A comparison with the theoretical framework provided us with the conclusion that internal social media can be used in several ways to Knowledge management through automated knowledge maps, the ability to store knowledge within the company and to communicate knowledge across functional and geographical boundaries in interactive discussions. / Idag är kunskap en av viktigaste resurser för en organisation att hantera, men kunskap kan också vara svår för organisationer att hantera så att de kan dra nytta av den. I skrivandets stund växer internet fortfarande explosionsartat och nya verktyg tar form som gör det möjligt för användare att effektivt sprida information. Syftet med denna rapport var att beskriva hur organisationer kan använda sig utav interna sociala medier för att underlätta Knowledge management-processen. För att besvara syftet användes tre frågeställningar som berörde kartläggning, kodning och spridning av kunskap. Undersökningen avgränsades till att undersöka kartläggning, kodning och spridning av kunskap via den interna sociala medieplattformen IBM Connections. Den teoretiska referensramen betonar hur sociala nätverk kan främja kunskapsdelningen, hur en kunskaps-kartläggning kan främja kunskapsspridning och delning, hur kunskap kan sparas i data källor och hur viktig interaktion är för att sprida kunskap. Teorin har kompletterats med beskrivningar av hur systemet IBM Connections fungerar. Undersökningsobjekten var fyra företag som använder sig utav IBM Connections och de valdes ut för att belysa hur de använder sig av plattformen inom Knowledge management-processen. Vi valde att intervjua de människor som ansvarade för införandet av plattformen på företagen. Undersökningen visade på flera likheter mellan de olika företagen och att även om det fanns vissa tekniska och kulturella motsträvigheter gentemot denna nya typ av system inom organisationen så främjade IBM Connections kunskapsöverföring på flera olika sätt. Den inbyggda sökfunktionen skapade en automatisk kartläggning av kunskapen genom plattformens användarprofiler. Sparade filer och dokument kunde hittas även efter att anställda lämnat företaget vilket kodar kunskapen in i företagets kunskapskällor. Genom möjlighet att interagera med varandra, ofta över stora avstånd, främjades kunskapsspridningen. En jämförelse med den teoretiska referensramen gav oss slutsatsen att interna sociala medier går att använda på flera sätt för Knowledge management genom automatiska kunskapskartor, möjlighet att spara kunskapen inom företaget och möjlighet att kommunicera kunskap över funktionella och geografiska gränser i interaktiva diskussioner.

The behavioural changes which result from expansion and popularity of online platforms can be observed in day to day activities such as buying tickets, ordering food, and communicating with friends and family. From a technical perspective these platforms utilise similar technologies and infrastructures (e.g. the Internet, servers, and databases), however there are numerous conceptual and functional differences which can be identified between them. This research is associated with specific types of online platforms which are commonly referred to as Web 2.0 platforms. Popular examples of such platforms include Wikipedia, YouTube, and Facebook. These platforms rely upon user generated content and benefit from users’ collaborative efforts. Users’ efforts can be considered as a resource, and a possible objective in associated projects could be to optimise the outcome of such efforts. In many cases, this can be accomplished by influencing users’ Online Behaviour (OB). In Web 2.0 platforms, OB can be influenced by various factors, and among them Sense of Belonging (SB) has been highlighted by many previous researchers as a significant factor. While the literature suggests a significant association between SB and OB in Web 2.0 platforms, this research identifies a gap in the existing literature in regards to SB due to its qualitative nature and the dependency of associated investigations on human interaction. In addition to the subjective nature of such investigations, other practical challenges can be associated with measuring SB in Web 2.0 projects. Firstly, considering the demographical, cultural and lingual diversity of users in many Web 2.0 platforms, such investigations can be complex and therefore expensive. Secondly, investigating SB cannot be performed in real time which can result in extended timelines for gathering data. Thirdly, in early stages of Web 2.0 projects in which the concept is being defined and the platform is being developed, the users might not yet exist, and hence investigating their SB and OB may not be an option. Finally, without an existing platform and community, there is nothing to belong to, and hence SB might not exist to measure or investigate. As an attempt to fill the identified gap and provide practical solutions for highlighted challenges in Web 2.0 projects, this research introduces a new factor, and investigates its association with OB. Virtual Belonging (VB) is proposed as a factor built upon suggested elements for SB, and based on a new perspective towards Web 2.0 features. Furthermore, in any Web 2.0 platform, VB can be quantitatively defined, compared, and analysed. This research suggests three dimensions for VB, and their associations with OB are hypothesised. To test the research hypotheses, a Web 2.0 platform was developed in association with a student poetry competition in the University of Manchester, and it was used as the vehicle for an experiment (available at epsPoetry.com). The platform includes a bespoke Tracking System that has been specifically designed and developed to assist with this investigation. Also, Ethical Approval was obtained from the University’s Ethics Committees for the use of the data collected by the Tracking System from the individuals who have agreed to take part in this research and used the platform between March 2013 and July 2014.VB’s dimensions are presented in this research as a hierarchy with three distinct levels, namely Inclusion, Involvement, and Influence. The results show a significant association between every dimension of users’ VB and their OB. On this basis, this research proposes VB as a predictive factor for OB in Web 2.0 projects. The findings can provide practical guidance and directions for Web 2.0 project managers, particularly in the early stages of such projects in which the existence of users and their interactivity with the platform can only be an assumption, and hence obtaining qualitative data (such as SB) may not be an option.

Många projekt misslyckas årligen, en av de främsta orsakerna är bristande kommunikation och informationsutbyte. Idag sitter dessutom många projektdeltagare inom ett företag utspridda på olika kontor, vilket ställer ytterligare krav på den interna kommunikationen. Traditionella intranät har länge används inom de flesta företag. Syftet för dessa är bland annat att koppla anställda till viktig information inom företaget. Dessa intranät är dock sällan öppna för flervägskommunikation och samarbete. De statiska intranäten har i och med utvecklingen av funktioner från Web 2.0 senare ersatts med sociala intranät vars syfte bland annat är att främja flervägskommunikation samt att förbättra interaktion och samarbete inom en organisation. Syftet med denna studie är därför att undersöka hur sociala intranät kan främja den interna projektkommunikationen inom en organisation samt att belysa eventuella risker som dessa sociala intranät medför. För studien har intervjuer genomförts med projektledare inom tre IT-företag som alla använder någon form av socialt intranät för den interna projektkommunikationen. Insamlad data har sedan analyserats och vägts mot insamlad teori för att besvara studiens syfte samt undersökningsfrågor. Efter studien har en rad fördelar med användning av sociala intranät för den interna projektkommunikationen identifieras. Dessa är bland annat snabbare och utökad kommunikation, sökbarhet, relationsfrämjande och förbättrad informationsdelning. Eventuella risker kan bland annat vara ryktesspridning och offentliggörande av konfidentiell information. Intervjuade företag

In the new business world, organizational knowledge is considered to be a key factor for profitability attainment. This is true within any industry. It is a vital enabler of superior business accomplishments and developments. Managing such valuable knowledge enables organizations to gain a competitive advantage and advance in the process of wealth creation. As organizations worldwide become increasingly aware of the benefits that can be achieved by engaging in effective knowledge management practices, the need arises for additional research in order to identify and ascertain the effects of cultural differences among the operating environments of different firms, and to find out how these differences translate into varying uses of technologies and knowledge management practices in firms; that is the main objective of this research. To reach this goal, the study utilizes an exploratory research design to collect and analyze quantitative data from employees of various organizations in different countries and industries. We do this in order to explore the determinants of effective knowledge management from cultural, organizational, and technological perspectives. Specifically, the study will examine the country of Saudi Arabia and compare it to other countries. Quantitative data for an empirical investigation was collected through a web-based survey questionnaire sent to employees of various organizations within different national contexts and industrial settings. Drawing upon previously validated studies and several new hypotheses, this study presents a theoretical model that integrates different sociological and technological factors that influence employees’ behavior when using Enterprise 2.0 technologies for knowledge management. Sociological determinants include: power distance, long term-orientation, knowledge management environment, and personal and organizational behavior. The technological determinants include: Enterprise 2.0 tools, richness, sophistication, ease of use, usefulness and behavioral intention of really using these tools. The quantitative investigation reflects the testing of significant theoretical constructs and relational propositions from the theoretical model. Exploratory factor analysis and structural equation modeling techniques were used to estimate a structural relationship model among the sociological and technological determinants of the intentions of use of Enterprise 2.0. The key findings from this study emphasize the role of technology perceptions including: perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, richness, sophistication of adoption, the use of Enterprise 2.0 technologies in the workplace, as well as the knowledge management environment of the organization. Furthermore, the results highlight the impact of factors pertaining to knowledge management, such as personal and organizational information on the use of Enterprise 2.0 tools. This study also found that divergences among countries with different cultural settings might affect the knowledge management environment and the use of Enterprise 2.0 in organizations; further investigation is needed in this area. Based on these findings, the study offers theoretical implications and suggestions for future research. This research provides guidelines for practices, processes, and technologies related to knowledge management. It also gives specific recommendations, for companies operating in various cultural contexts, on how to give priority to the context and the environment in which the knowledge is being exchanged as well as how to enhance the technological infrastructures that offer a behavioral incentive to use Enterprise 2.0 technologies for knowledge management.