The time-dependent elastic wave equation is the foundation of seismology. It is very useful in studying the wave propagation in elastic solids. Simulation of Rayleigh waves, which is governed by the equation, requires high accuracy solutions. Finite difference method have been widely used for the simulation of Rayleigh waves. However, it is not obvious how to effectively impose the free surface boundary condition on a curved surface. On the other hand, discontinuous Galerkin methods are more flexible in handling complex geometries. / In this thesis, we develop a class of discontinuous Galerkin methods for time-dependentelastic wave equation in isotropic homogeneous medium. This method is explicit, locally and globally energy conserving. Also, the L² convergence of this method is optimal and the convergence in energy norm is independent of Poisson's ratio. / Besides, we apply our method to simulate Rayleigh waves on curved free surfaces. We also impose a perfectly matched layer to absorb the outward waves. Numerical examples show that our method can accurately capture features of Rayleigh waves even in a domain with high Poisson's ratio. / 時間依賴型彈性波動方程」是地震學的基礎。這組方程對於波在彈性固體中傳播的研究非常有用。雷利波是由這個方程所控制。模擬雷利波須要有非常準確的解。有限差分法廣泛地應用在雷利波的模擬上，可是如何有效地施加自由表面邊界條件於曲面上的方法並不明顯。另一方面，間斷伽遼金方法能更靈活地處理複雜的幾何形狀。 / 在這篇論文中，我們發展了一類間斷伽遼金方法去求「在均勻各向同性的介質上的時間依賴型彈性波動方程」的解。我們將表明，這種方法是顯式的，局部及全域能量守恆的，而它的收斂是最優的和獨立於泊松比的。 / 除此之外，我們運用這個方法來模擬雷利波在具有起伏的自由表面的半空間模型的傳播。我們會使用完美匹配層去吸收朝外的波動。數值算例反映，即使在高柏松比的介質中，這個方法也可以準確地捕捉雷利波的特徵。 / Lam, Chi Yeung. / Thesis M.Phil. Chinese University of Hong Kong 2014. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 44-47). / Abstracts also in Chinese. / Title from PDF title page (viewed on 06, October, 2016). / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only.

The new approach of cloud robotics takes advantage of cloud computing as a vast resource pool for massively parallel computation and sharing of data. Besides, the cloud robotic system removes overheads for maintenance and updates, and reduces dependence on user middleware. This is of particular interest for service robots, because on-board computation entails additional power requirements which may reduce operating duration and constrain robot mobility as well as costs. In order to utilize the cloud technology in service robots, it is crucial to allow different types of robots to share information and to develop new skills on the cloud. / In general, it is cast as a dynamic resource allocation problem. Given a set of resources and a sequence of agents, the goal is to distribute resources to agents in an optimal manner. The resource allocation problem is an NP-hard problem in general. This thesis strives to minimize the resource usage and task completion time by scheduling a number of requests from robots. However, actual realization of fully distributed cloud robotic systems is rarely found in the community. Moreover, unconstrained resources in the cloud are not commonly implemented. Therefore, the optimization of autonomously implemented resource allocation is the primary focus of the thesis. / While a respectable amount of work is done on both resource and task allocation, there is still the need for research towards the integration of problems in a typical cloud robotic system. For the outlined difficulties, this thesis addresses novel research on the following aspects: At first, the underlying architecture of Multi Sensor Data Retrieval (MSDR) is implemented on the twisted-based socket for asynchronous data transmission, which is also investigated as effective decentralized methods for multi-robot coordination, task assignment and service contract establishing. Second, the market-based scheduling mechanism is proposed for the dynamic resource allocation problem in cloud robotics. A set of criteria as empirical Quality of Service (QoS) is optimized, especially Time to Response (ToR) is minimized to fulfill Firm Real-Time (FRT) requirement of robotic tasks. Third, a Link Quality Matrix (LQM) auction-based negotiation strategy is proposed to relieve the competition among multi-robot systems in Mobile Ad-hoc Networks (MANETs). Besides, an incremental auction-based strategy is proposed considering hops, time delay as well as link quality. Both fair allocation when unmanned interference and biased allocation when users have preferences are optimized among multi-robot systems in MANETs. By tackling all these issues, this thesis contributes to general implementation of cloud robotic system into daily. / Future research will focus on task-oriented problems, such as smart home surveillance, guiding and etc., which could be better solved benefiting from cloud robotics. Solutions will proposed in a bidirectional way considering both data uploading and downloading. / 雲機器人是利用雲計算作為龐大的資源池進行大規模并行計算和資源共用。此外，雲機器人系統避免了用於維護和更新各個機器人客戶端的開銷，並降低了機器人客戶端對中間件的依賴。這對於服務機器人尤其有益，因為大量計算所需要的能量會減少機器人運行的持續時間，並且約束機器人移動性能以及增加機器人的成本。爲了更好的利用雲技術提高機器人的服務性能，最重要的是允許不同類型的機器人共用資源，尤其是多傳感器的信息，並在雲上開發新的功能和新的應用。 / 此類問題一般被規劃為動態資源配置問題，即給定一個資源集合和一個多客戶端的序列，最優化地進行資源的分配。資源配置問題是一個非確定性多項式複雜 (NP-hard) 問題 。本文通過優化調度多個資源請求，力求最大限度地減少資源的使用和任務完成的時間。目前很少有真正實現了完全分布式的雲機器人系統。此外，在實際的雲系統中並不存在無限的不受約束的資源。因此，自主地優化雲機器人系統的資源配置是雲機器人系統的關鍵問題，有著重要的現實意義。 / 雖然在資源配置和任務分配領域已經有大量的研究工作，當這兩者在典型的雲機器人系統中結合時，仍然有大量新的問題需要研究。本文著重於以下幾個方面：首先，建立多傳感器資料的檢索架構，即基於twisted的socket 框架建立任務分配和服務合同的構建方法，用於實現多傳感器信息的異步傳輸，同時將其用於研究有效的分布式多機器人協作。其次，提出基於市場范式的調度機制，用於解決雲計算機器人系統的動態資源配置問題；並針對一系列服務品質指標進行優化和驗證，特別是實現回應時間的最小化，以滿足機器人任務即時性的要求。第三，提出基於鏈路信號強度矩陣的協商策略以減輕在移動自組網路中多個機器人的通信競爭；此外，考慮到多跳、時延和鏈路品質等問題，本文提出了增量式的拍賣算法策略；當移動自組網中存在多機器人系統時，所涉算法對無人干擾情況下的公平分配和當有使用者有偏好情況下的偏好分配分別進行了優化。通過解決以上問題，本文的貢獻有助於通用的雲機器人系統融入到人類日常生活和工作中。 / 未來的研究將側重于面向機器人任務分配的問題，例如監控，多機器人嚮導等，及其他受益于雲機器人平臺的各類應用解決方案。 / Wang, Lujia. / Thesis Ph.D. Chinese University of Hong Kong 2014. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 115-127). / Abstracts also in Chinese. / Title from PDF title page (viewed on 07, October, 2016). / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only.

A research report submitted to the Faculty of Science, University of the Witwatersrand, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Science by Coursework and Research Report. Johannesburg, March 2016. / A vegetation survey was carried out in July 2014 on the substrates of 5 tailings dams by selecting 10 sampling sites which were previously used as sampling plots during the 1996/97 survey of Weiersbye et al. (2006). At each sampling site a 100m transect horizontally across the substrate and covering all levels of the tailings dam from the flat top to the toe paddock was established. Each transect was surveyed for the frequency of the species occurring and these were categorized based on their mode of colonization (natural, intentionally introduced and persisting) while tailings were collected by digging approximately 20cm into the ground for soil sample collection per substrate. The recorded species were then divided using Raunkier’s classification categories into growth forms and a comparison was done between the two surveys (2014 versus 1996/7) to identify the species that were lost, those that were still persisting and the new ones that had colonized over time. A total of 51 species (over 15ha) in 36 genera within 14 families were recorded on the tailings dams, compared to 168 species (over 765ha), 98 genera and 59 families found in the previous study. Families with the most species in 2014 were similar to those of the 1996/97 survey, following the dominance order of Poaceae >Asteraceae >Fabaceae >Anacardiaceae, with the percentage frequency of grasses (Poaceae) noted to have almost doubled over this period. Compared to 6 species common across the substrates in the previous study, the later survey recorded 12 common species (6 of the species occurring on all substrates) but overall both studies found vegetation cover to be high (above 65%) on flat tops and berms with species richness being high on the toe paddock>slopes>tops and berms and substrates susceptible to low nutritional (N,P,K,C) value. Indigenous plant species (54.9%) were dominating the tailing dams and were mostly perennials (82.3%) that were naturally colonizing and persisting (72.5%) on the tailings dams (similar to the 1996/97 survey), while alien (45.1%) plant species comprised annuals/biennials (17.7%) that were intentionally introduced (27.5%) prior to the 1996/97 survey by contractors. The ceased ameliorative initiatives since the first survey are believed to have significantly contributed to a decrease in herbaceous species richness, which formed the majority of the introduced species in the former survey (58.8% compared to 29.4%) as they depended on the supplementary additions of fertilizers and lime. Approximately 117 species, 62 genera and 45 families (including Chenopodiaceae, which was dominant) were lost over the 17 years period, the majority of these were introduced prior to the 1996/97 vegetation survey, while only Ficus sp. was the only new species colonizing apart from the increase noted in alien species (some invasive in nature). The decrease in species richness has encouraged woody and semi-woody (35.3%) and grasses (35.3%) to dominate the slimes reaffirming their potential as temporal and long term rehabilitation species that have developed physiological tolerance to acidic conditions, salinity and heavy metal pollution. In conclusion, this study has identified the species that can be used for phytoremediation to provide long terms solutions for dust, air and water pollution and soil erosion suppression for rehabilitation of these contaminated lands (Appendix 8). The survey also helps to identify species that are able to naturally colonize and persist on the tailings dams without supplements, making them ideal economic species to use for rehabilitation. Results also highlight the negative impacts of the lack of ameliorative supplementations, which in turn affects the floristic composition and structure on these tailings dams over time. Keywords: Aerial cover, Macronutrients, Tailings dams, Species richness, Tailings Storage Facilities (TSFs) and Vegetation survey / LG2017

Sammanfattning Syfte och frågeställningar Undersökningen syftar till att analysera hur riksdagspartierna argumenterade kring den svenska skolan inför valet 2014. Frågeställningen för undersökningen var: Hur argumenterade partierna kring skolans styrning? Hur argumenterade partierna kring betyg och resultat? Hur argumenterade partierna kring friskolor? Hur argumenterade partierna kring lärares roll och lärarprofessionens status? Metod Det empiriska materialet bestod av 1) debattartiklar skrivna av partiledare eller språkrör samt skolpolitiska talespersoner, 2) SVT:s utfrågningar av partiledarna, 3) partiernas valprogram. Metoden som tillämpades var Arne Naess (1970) argumentationsanalys. I analysen söktes efter teser samt pro- och contra-argument till teserna. Urvalet för studiens empiriska material baserades på handplockade urval.  Resultat Undersökningen visade att Moderaterna argumenterade för ett delat ansvar för skolan mellan stat och kommun. Centerpartiet ville behålla nuvarande styrningsform. Socialdemokraterna, Sverigedemokraterna, Miljöpartiet och Folkpartiet ville att skolan skulle förstatligas. Folkpartiet argumenterade för att betyg skulle sättas från och med årskurs 6 men menade samtidigt att skriftliga omdömen ger en bättre bild av eleven. Socialdemokraterna, Centerpartiet och Folkpartiet använde PISA-undersökningar för att stärka sina argument. Kristdemokraterna var positivt inställda till friskolor. Likaså var Centerpartiet som menade att vinstutdelning för ägare av friskolor skulle vara tillåten. Socialdemokraterna och Vänsterpartiet argumenterade för ett vinstförbud. Socialdemokraterna, Folkpartiet, Miljöpartiet ville stärka lärarnas roll och status främst genom att höja lärarnas löner och genom att öka tiden för undervisning samtidigt som att minska det administrativa arbetet. Slutsats Socialdemokraterna, Folkpartiet, Sverigedemokraterna, Miljöpartiet och Vänsterpartiet drev tesen om att förstatliga skolan. Kristdemokraterna, Folkpartiet och Centerpartiet var i sina teser positiva till vinstutdelning för friskolor medan Miljöpartiet, Socialdemokraterna och Vänsterpartiet teser ställde sig negativ till vinstutdelning. Folkpartiet argumenterade för tidigare betyg. Socialdemokraterna drev tesen om att införa karriärtjänster för lärare vilket skulle leda till att lärarna snarare skulle komma längre från sitt uppdrag att undervisa. Frågorna kring skolan följde inte den traditionella höger- och vänsterskalan.  Naess (1970) argumentations analys lämpade sig mindre väl för analys av partiernas valprogram än utfrågningarna och debattartiklarna då texterna i partiernas valprogram till sin karaktär sällan var argumenterande. / Abstract Aim The aim of the study was to analyze how the parties in the Swedish parliament debated the matter of  the Swedish school prior to the 2014 election. The question for the survey was: • How did the parties debate school governance? • How did the parties debate grades and results? • How did the parties debate the question of independent schools? • How did the parties debate the role of teachers and the status of teacher profession? Method The empirical material consisted of 1) debating articles written by party leaders or school political spokesmen. 2) Swedish public service hearings with party leaders 3) party election programs. The method for analysis Arne Naess´ (1970) argumentative analysis described by Bergström och Boréus (2005) searching for thesis, pro- and contra arguments. The selection of the empirical material was made through hand picked selections. Naess´ argumentative analysis was less suited for analysing the parties ‘electoral programs than the hearings and articles, as the text, by their nature, rarely were argumentative. Results The study showed that the Moderate party argued for shared responsibility between the state and the municipalities. The Centre party, the Social democrats, the Swedish democrats, the Green party and the Liberal party argued for a nationalization. The Liberal party argued for grades starting from grade 6 at the same time as arguing for written reviews giving a more descriptive picture of the pupil. The Social democrats, The Centre party and the Liberal party used PISA surveys supporting their argument in the question of grades. The Christian democrats were in favour of independent schools. Similarly, the Centre party argued for continued legislation allowing share-out for owners of independent schools. The Social democrats and the Left party argued for banning share-outs. The Social democrats, the Liberal party, the Green party argued for strengthening teachers ‘role and status primarily by raising teacher´s and increasing the time spent teaching while decreasing administrative work. Conclusions The Social democrats, The Liberal party, the Swedish democrats, the Green party and the Left party wanted nationalize the Swedish school. The Christian democrats, the Liberal party and the Centre party were in favour of share-outs while the Social democrats, the Green party and the Left party opposed share-outs. The Liberal party argued for grading pupils at a lower age. The Social democrats argued for the introduction of career opportunities which would lead to teachers being becoming more separated from their teaching assignments. The question of the school could not be divided into left or right wing politics. Naess´ argumentative analysis was less suited for analysing the parties ‘electoral programs than the hearings and articles, as the text, by their nature, rarely were argumentative. / <p>Ämneslärarprogrammet, Specialidrott</p>

Bakgrunden till uppsatsen är att det svenska artilleriet under hösten 2011 ska börja utbildas på Archersystemet och bemanna insatsorganisation 2014 (IO14). Syftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka om manöverkrigföringens krav på flexibelt uppträdande och förmåga till leveranssäkerhet kring artilleriammunition i subarktisk miljö stärks i IO14 för artilleriet. För att kunna dra slutsatser kring detta har en jämförelse mellan IO14 och IO09 genomförts, där leveranssäkerheten av artilleriammunition har studerats utifrån grundläggande förmågan rörlighet. Uppsatsen påvisar att IO14 har en kvalitativ insatsorganisation där tillförseln av ny modern materiel medför att resurserna nyttjas effektivt, vilket skapat stärkt leveranssäkerhet med en ökad flexibilitet och rörlighet. En svaghet som identifierats i undersökningen är att behovet för eskort och skydd måste tillföras för att kunna agera i flera riktningar.

Information är idag en värdefull resurs i organisationer som blir mer och mer beroende av sina informationssystem. Information utsätts för olika hot och den behöver skyddas för att organisationer effektivt ska kunna driva sin verksamhet. Ett systematiskt informationssäkerhetsarbete hjälper organisationer att uppnå och upprätthålla en tillräcklig nivå av informationssäkerhet.   Studiens syfte är att undersöka hur informationssäkerhet hanteras inom organisationer i allmänhet i nuläget. En fallstudie har genomförts på Folktandvården, Region Jönköpings län för att undersöka hur Folktandvårdens medarbetare hanterar informationssäkerheten. Dessutom syftar studien till att utvärdera medvetenhet om informationssäkerhet hos medarbetarna på Folktandvården och att presentera förslag på hur hanteringen av personuppgifter kan förbättras i organisationer.  Blandade tekniker har använts för att samla information.  Litteraturstudier inom området informationssäkerhet har genomförts. Empirisk data har samlats in genom en enkätundersökning, intervjuer och skriftliga frågor som har skickats via e-post till utvalda ansvariga som jobbar specifikt med frågor som berör informationssäkerhet inom Folktandvården. Denna studie använder de svenska standarderna SS-ISO/IEC 27001:2014 och SS-ISO/IEC 27002:2014 för att utvärdera informationssäkerhet på Folktandvården, Region Jönköpings län samt att få en bild av hur informationssäkerhet hanteras inom organisationer. Organisationer kan upprätthålla säkerhet i sin informationshantering genom att tillämpa ett ledningssystem för informationssäkerhet (LIS) som bevarar konfidentialitet, riktighet (integritet) och tillgänglighet av information.  Informationssäkerhetsarbetet och införandet av LIS skiljer sig mellan organisationer eftersom de kan påverkas av organisationens behov och mål, storlek och struktur. Fallstudiens resultat visar att Folktandvården, Region Jönköpings län genomför en aktiv hantering av informationssäkerhet. Folktandvården klarar de flesta kraven som ställdes i standarderna. Däremot föreslås det i studien att fler utbildningsprogram ordnas för att öka medvetenheten kring informationssäkerhet. Dessa utbildningsprogram bör uppdateras regelbundet för att det fortsätter att vara i linje med organisatoriska policy och rutiner. Det rekommenderas även att organisationen utför informationsklassning fullt ut enligt den modellen som Folktandvården har. Dessutom rekommenderas att utveckla planeringen av kontinuitet för informationssäkerhet. Resultatet från enkätundersökningen visar att medarbetarna är medvetna om hur de hanterar informationssäkerhetsincidenter och upplever att systemen är tillgängliga för de behöriga. Flera av de förslag som presenterades av denna studie har hörsammats och kommer att leda till vidare arbete inom Folktandvården. Organisationers personuppgifter bör skyddas genom att tillämpa regler enligt gällande författningar. En ansvarig person i organisationen bör ge vägledning till de anställda om sitt ansvar för hantering av personuppgifter. / Information today is a valuable resource for organizations which become more and more dependent on their information systems. Information subject to various threats and the need to be protected in order that organizations can effectively run their business. A systematic information security helps organizations to achieve and maintain a sufficient level of information security. The study aims to investigate how information is managed within organizations in general. A case study has been performed in Folktandvården (the Public Dental Service), Region Jönköping County to investigate how the organization handle information security. In addition, the study aims to evaluate awareness of information security among employees at the business and to present proposals on how to improve handling of personal data. Mixed techniques have been used to gather information. Literature studies in the field of information security has been implemented. The empirical data collected through a questionnaire, interviews and written questions sent by e-mail to managers in Folktandvården. This study uses the standards SS-ISO / IEC 27001:2014 and SS-ISO / IEC 27002:2014 to evaluate the information in Folktandvården, Region Jönköping County and to get a picture of how information is managed within organizations. Organizations can maintain the security of their information by implementing an information security management system (ISMS) that preserves the confidentiality, integrity and availability of information. Information security and ISMS application differs between organizations, which could be affected by the organization's needs and goals, size and structure. Case study results show that Folktandvården, Region Jönköping County implements an active management of information. The organization manages most of the specifications in the standards. However this study proposes to organize more training programs for information security awareness. These programs should be updated regularly in order to continue to be in line with organizational policies and procedures. It is recommended that the organization performs information classification fully in accordance with the model it has. Additionally, it is recommended to develop the planning of continuity for information. The results from the questionnaire show that the employees are aware of how they handle information security incidents and they think that the systems are available for authorized access. Several of the proposals presented by this study have been heeded and will lead to further work in Folktandvården. Organizations' personal information should be protected by applying the rules in accordance with applicable regulations. A responsible person in the organization should provide guidance to employees about their responsibility for the handling of personal data.

A Portuguese clay (BRN) from the North East city of Bragança was collected and characterized in terms of health treatment and applied towards the preparation of nanocomposites with Polylactide (PLA). The silt-clay fraction of BRN is mainly composed of smectite with less illite, kaolinite and other minerals. The physicochemical properties are applicable for the topical applications and are mainly influenced by smectite. With the hazardous elements present, further bioavailability tests should be conducted. PLA nanocomposites with BRN and Wyoming montmorillonite SWy-2 (MMT) were respectively prepared through the solution casting method with ultrasonic stirring and using cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) as the surfactant. The X-ray diffraction patterns show the exfoliated structures in most samples. Thermal gravimetric analysis reveals the increased thermal stability of the nanocomposites. The complexes were also characterized by nitrogen adsorption, infrared analysis and nuclear magnetic resonance for comparing the differences between BRN and MMT.

Den 12 juni 2014 lämnade FSK ett lagförslag som bl.a. innebär att svenska bolags tidigare års underskott ska reduceras till hälften. Framställningens syfte är att utreda huruvida denna reducering står i strid med det grundlagsstadgade retroaktivitetsförbudet. Enligt huvudregeln i 40 kap. 2 § IL ska tidigare års underskott från en näringsverksamhet dras av. I 2 kap. 10 § stycke 2 RF framgår att skatt inte får tas ut i vidare mån än som följer av föreskrifter som gällde när den omständighet inträffade som utlöste skatt- eller avgiftsskyldigheten, det s.k. retroaktivitetsförbudet. Förbudet avser formell men inte materiell retroaktivitet, vilket får till följd att skattelagar som får retroaktiva effekter inte per se är förbjudna. I det av FSK lämnade lagförslaget föreslås en rad ändringar inom bolagsskattesystemet, bl.a. att nuvarande ränteavdragsregler avskaffas och ersätts med ett finansieringsavdrag. I syfte att finansiera reformen föreslås bl.a. en halvering av bolagens sparade underskott. Författaren har bedömt att den del av förslaget som berör reduceringen av tidigare års underskott är särskilt intressant ur rättssäkerhetssynpunkt. Retroaktivitetsförbudet är avsett att förhindra formell retroaktivitet, varför det är osäkert huruvida finansieringsförslaget de facto strider mot det. Ett argument mot grundlagsstridighet är att underskottsavdraget är uppdelat i två steg, varför förslaget inte träffar tidigare inträffade omständigheter, dvs. tidigare års kostnader, utan istället framtida omständigheter, dvs. senare begärda underskottsavdrag. Författarens bedömning är att förslaget får materiella retroaktiva effekter. Vidare visas emellertid att någon formell retroaktivitet inte synes föreligga, varför förslaget inte anses strida mot retroaktivitetsförbudet. Det kan dock ifrågasättas ur rättssäkerhetssynpunkt om förslaget bör ligga till grund för lagstiftning då det kan anses strida mot kravet på förutsebarhet. / On June 12, 2014, the Corporate Tax Committee (Sw. FSK) submits a bill, proposing that Swedish companies’ deficits from previous years shall be reduced by 50 per cent. The purpose of this thesis is to investigate whether this reduction is in conflict with the prohibition of retroactive tax legislation (Sw. retroaktivitetsförbudet). The main principle in 40:2 IL (the Swedish Income tax Act) states that previous year’s losses shall be deducted. The Swedish constitution, 2:10 RF, prohibits formal, but not substantial, retroactive tax legislation. Legislation resulting in retroactive effects is thus not per se prohibited. The FSK proposed a number of changes in the corporate tax system, including the abolishment of the current interest deduction rules and the introduction of a general financial deduction. In order to finance the reform, the FSK proposes a 50 per cent reduction of previous years’ saved deficits. From a rule of law-perspective, the author finds the proposal regarding its financing and particularly the reduction of previous years' deficits interesting. Since the prohibition is intended exclusively to prevent formal retroactivity, it is uncertain whether the funding proposal actually is in conflict with it. An argument for the proposal to not be in conflict with the prohibiton, is that the loss carryforward is divided into two stages. Hence, the proposal is not applicable on previously occurred circumstances, i.e. costs, but rather future circumstances, i.e. requested deductions of carryforwards. The author's assessment is that the proposal will have material retroactive effects. However, it is found that no formal retroactivity is at hand, why the proposal is not in conflict with the retroactivity prohibition. However, it can be questioned from a rule of law-perspective whether the proposal should be put forward for legislation, due to its inconsistency with the requirement of foreseeability.

Muchas de las investigaciones sobre la participación política de las mujeres peruanas en general, y a nivel local en particular, han girado en torno al incremento de su presencia en las listas y en los comités directivos de las distintas organizaciones políticas –sobre todo a partir de la incorporación de las cuotas de género en los procesos electorales en 1998-, así como en su mayor incidencia en espacios de organización social como los clubes de madres o asociaciones barriales (Patrón 2000; Barrig 1994; Tovar 1992). / Tesis

Thesis about oboe section of the Prague Radio Symphony Orchestra introducing first prosopographical summary of oboists from 1926 to 2014, who were employed in the orchestra or were in long term assistance. A biographical inventory of oboists and their solo recording catalogues are fundamental prerequisites for deeper reasearch for developement of interpretative forms. The first three chapters describe resources, sources and historical and contemporary forms of radio orchestra. Chapter four illustrates circumstances of the formation of Prague Chamber Orchestra. The last chapter consists of resumes of individual oboists, including their detailed education and artistic career. Indispensable components of this thesis are charts of recordings for Czech Radio. The author analyzes the biographical inventory of oboists in radio orchestra and considers the role of the oboe section and it's position in interpretation of solo compositions. The apendix includes sources and other materials, photos and documents from the radio archives.