Σκοπός της εργασίας είναι να παρουσιάσει κάποιες ΤΠΕ που χρησιμοποιούν οι επιχειρήσεις, να εξετάσει κατά πόσο αυτά εφαρμόζονται στις επιχειρήσεις αντιπροσωπείας αυτοκινήτων, στις ξενοδοχειακές επιχειρήσεις και στις μικρές επιχειρήσεις οδικών μεταφορών και να παρουσιάσει προτάσεις για την προώθηση και βελτίωση των ΤΠΕ. Χρησιμοποιήθηκε ποιοτική μέθοδος σε δείγμα 30 επιχειρήσεων με συλλογή πρωτογενών στοιχείων μέσω ερωτηματολογίου. Τα αποτελέσματα αναλύθηκαν με τη χρήση του στατιστικού πακέτου SPSS και έδειξαν ότι οι ΤΠΕ χρησιμοποιούνται σε μεγάλο βαθμό στις επιχειρήσεις αντιπροσωπείας αυτοκινήτων, σε μικρότερο στις ξενοδοχειακές επιχειρήσεις και ακόμη λιγότερο στις επιχειρήσεις οδικών μεταφορών. Η έρευνα αυτή μπορεί να χρησιμοποιηθεί από πωλητές τεχνολογιών πληροφορικής και επικοινωνιών για να εξετάσουν αν υπάρχουν προοπτικές για πωλήσεις στους εξεταζόμενους κλάδους. / This study examines the rate of implementation of ICTs in hotels, in road transports and in automobile dealerships in Aitoloakarnania.

Στην παρούσα εργασία γίνεται μια προσπάθεια οπτικής ανάκτησης λογοτύπων με σκοπό την οργάνωσή τους για μετέπειτα χρήση τους σε περιπτώσεις αναζήτησης ομοίων λογοτύπων από χρήστες. Η μελέτη γίνεται με χρήση μεθόδων και εργαλείων τα οποία είτε έχουν σχεδιαστεί για αυτό το σκοπό είτε έχουν ληφθεί από άλλα κομμάτια του τομέα αναγνώρισης προτύπων. Πιο συγκεκριμένα χρησιμοποιούνται οι μεθοδολογίες: α. Angular Radial Transform (ART) που ορίζεται στο MPEG-7 πρωτόκολλο. β. Ένας αλγόριθμος σύγκρισης σχημάτων ως κατανομές ιστογραμμάτων που τον ονομάζουμε Angular Radial Histogram (ARH) και περιγράφεται σε δημοσίευση που αφορά την αναγνώριση σχημάτων. γ. Μια μεθοδολογία που εκμεταλλεύεται τον αλγόριθμο DCT και την συμπιεσμένη φύση των αρχείων εικόνων - λογοτύπων στο σημερινό web για γρήγορη αναζήτηση η οποία έχει χρησιμοποιηθεί για οργάνωση βάσεων γενικών εικόνων. δ. Μια μεθοδολογία στηριγμένη στα φίλτρα Gabor και το WW-Test η οποία έχει εφαρμοστεί με αρκετά καλά αποτελέσματα σε πεδιά αναγνώρισης προτύπων. Η έρευνα γίνεται σε τρεις (νεοκατασκευασμένες) βάσεις λογοτύπων όπου τα αποτελέσματα φαίνεται να είναι θετικά ειδικά για την τελευταία μεθοδολογία. / In this work, four different algorithms are used in the field of logos retrieval, in an efford to organize logos databases that can be handful in cases where users may need to retrieve similar logos. The algorithms that are used are a. Angular Radial Transform (ART) which is defiend in MPEG-7, b. An algorithm that compairs logos outlines called sas Angular Radial Histogram which has been proposed for general shape matching procedures, c. An algorithm based on the well known DCT and the compression nature of the very common JPEG protocol, d. An algorithm based on Gabor filters for feature extraction and the Wald-Wolfowitz for feature comparisons, which gave very good results. The tests took place on three different logos database which were constructed for this purpose.

Ένα e-portfolio είναι μία συλλογή περιεχομένου την οποία κατασκευάζει και διατηρεί ένας χρήστης στο Web. Το περιεχόμενο μπορεί να περιλαμβάνει κείμενο, αρχεία, εικόνες, multimedia, blogs κτλ. και μπορεί να χρησιμοποιηθεί για διάφορους σκοπούς. Σκοπός της εργασίας αυτής ήταν η δημιουργία πλατφόρμας παραγωγής eportfolios, με στόχο τη διαδικτυακή της χρήση. Η όλη πλατφόρμα δημιουργήθηκε με τη χρήση των γλωσσών προγραμματισμού HTML,PHP, Javascript, Ajax και τον εξυπηρετητή βάσεων δεδομένων Mysql. Ειδικότερα, υλοποιήθηκε μια πλατφόρμα παραγωγής προσωποποιημένων eportfolio με ιδιαίτερη βαρύτητα σε λειτουργίες κοινωνικής δικτύωσης. Στα eportfolios που δημιουργούνται, ο ιδιοκτήτης έχει τη δυνατότητα να ανεβάζει εικόνες, βίντεο και έγγραφα, να τα παρουσιάζει σε galleries, να τα οργανώνει σε κατηγορίες και να παρουσιάζει πληροφορίες αναφορικά με το άτομό του. Οι χρήστες, από την άλλη, μπορούν να επισκέπτονται τα eportfolios, να βλέπουν τα αρχεία που έχει ανεβάσει ο ιδιοκτήτης, να τα σχολιάζουν, να κάνουν share ή like με τη χρήση του facebook λογαριασμού τους ή tweet με τον ατίστοιχο λογαριασμό twitter. Με τον τρόπο αυτό επιτυγχάνεται μια θετική ανάδραση μεταξύ άυτών και του ιδιοκτήτη στοχεύοντας στην ανταλλαγή απόψεων, στη βελτίωση των ικανοτήτων του κατόχου, αλλά και του συστήματος γενικότερα. Στα πρωτοποριακά χαρακτηριστικά του συστήματος περιλαμβάνεται η δυνατότητα αναζήτησης στα δύο μεγαλύτερα κοινωνικά δίκτυα (Facebook και Twitter) για οτιδήποτε σχετικό με κάποιο από τα αρχεία που έχει ανεβάσει κάποιος χρήστης στο eportfolio του. Χρησιμοποιείται για το σκοπό αυτό το API του facebook. Επίσης, το σύστημα έχει τη δυνατότητα να προτείνει στους χρήστες του να επισκεφτούν eportfolios άλλων χρηστών με παρόμοια θεματολογία με τη χρήση tags και του Jaccard index. Τέλος, δίνεται η δυνατότητα στους χρήστες να ενημερώνονται για τις τελευταίες δραστηριότητες που υπάρχουν σε όλα τα eportfolios, μέσω της υπηρεσίας RSS, εόσον βέβαια κάνουν εγγραφή σε αυτή. ολο το σύστημα υλοποιήθηκε με βασικό γνώμονα την ευχρηστία και την καλύτερη εξυπηρέτηση των χρηστών. Η εφαρμογή μπορεί να χρησιμοποιηθέι άμεσα για προσωπική χρήση από κάθε ενδιαφερόμενο, αλλά και για διδακτικούς σκοπούς στην εξ αποστάσεως εκπαίδευση. / An electronic portfolio is a collection of electronic evidence assembled and managed by a user, usually on the Web. Such electronic evidence may include inputted text, electronic files, images, multimedia, blog entries and can be used for various purposes. The aim of this thesis was the creation of an Eportfolio Development Platform, which will be used on Web. The whole platform was developed by using the HTML, PHP, Ajax and Javascript Programming Languages and the Mysql Database Management System. Specifically, the eportfolios that will be created are personalized eportfolios with many social features. The owner can upload pictures, videos and documents, present them in galleries, organize them in categories and share information about himself and his career/work. Visitors, on the other hand, can view the uploaded files, comment, share or like via facebook or tweet via twitter. As a result, there can be a very positive feedback between the owner and the visitors. The desirable outcome will be the improvement of the owner’ s skills and abilities as well as the system’s features. The new features that the system provide, include searching on the two biggest online social networks (Facebook and Twitter) for anything that is relevant to the files that are presented in the system's eportfolios. This was implemented, using the Facebook Graph API. Also, the system can suggest its users to visit eportfolios whose topic is close to their own eportfolio's topic, using tags and Jaccard index. Finally, users can be informed of the recent activity in any eportfolio, through the RSS service, if they had been subscribed on it. The whole platform was implemented with the basic concern being the usability and the best servicing for the users. The system can be used easily either for personal reasons or for elearning.

A pecuária representa um dos setores mais importantes da economia brasileira, com grande participação na geração de divisas para o país, tendo nas pastagens a sua base alimentar, o que a torna altamente competitiva globalmente. Novos materiais forrageiros são constantemente lançados no mercado, o que gera a necessidade de estudos que identifiquem práticas adequadas pare seu manejo. Na tentativa de conhecer novos materiais do gênero Cynodon e seu manejo mais adequado, que atenda às necessidades dos pecuaristas, foi conduzido um experimento em Piracicaba SP com a finalidade de estudar as respostas de dois cultivares, Tifton 85 e Jiggs, sob desfolhação intermitente em duas estratégias de pastejo. O objetivo do presente estudo foi descrever as características estruturais e o desempenho agronômico dos dois capins sob dois regimes distintos de pastejo impostos por técnicas contrastantes de desfolhação baseadas no pastejo rotativo, mas diferindo no referencial para estabelecimento do momento de interrupção do período de descanso. Uma de descanso fixo (28 dias) e outra variável (sempre que a altura média do dossel chegava a 25 cm), sob delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado em arranjo fatorial (2 x 2) que definiu quatro tratamentos, e três repetições, totalizando 12 unidades experimentais (parcelas), cada uma medindo 12,5 por 9,5 m em um Nitossolo Vermelho eutroférrico com horizonte A moderado e de textura argilosa a muito argilosa. O período experimental teve duração de 180 dias de 28 de outubro de 2010 até 26 de abril de 2011. O Tifton 85 e o Jiggs revelaram características produtivas muito próximas, não diferindo no acúmulo total de forragem, que foi de 16,8 Mg ha-1 na média. Dosséis do capim Jiggs apresentaram em média o mesmo nível de interceptação luminosa pré-pastejo que os de Tifton 85, mas com demais características estruturais diferentes, como por exemplo, menor relação folha:colmo devido à maior quantidade de colmos com mesma quantidade de folhas, maior altura de dossel (nos pastos manejados com dias fixos de descanso) e menor IAF. O capim Jiggs apresentou maior proporção de material verde. As variáveis da análise de crescimento não sofreram efeito de cultivar ou estratégia. O cultivar Jiggs apresentou resultados bastante satisfatórios se igualando em desempenho ao Tifton 85. O uso de descanso fixo se mostrou eficiente como técnica de manejo, para as condições impostas neste estudo, levando em consideração parâmetros de produção e estrutura do dossel, além das variáveis relacionadas ao crescimento das plantas. Mais estudos, que descrevam as características qualitativas desses materiais sob essas estratégias, bem como o potencial de consumo voluntário e de produção animal em pastejo, são necessários para que recomendações possam ser elaboradas para o setor produtivo. / The livestock industry is one of the most important sectors of the Brazilian economy, with strong participation in the generation of income for the country. Having pastures as its backbone, makes it highly competitive globally. New forages are constantly introduced into the market, and this generates the need for studies to identify appropriate management practices. In order to know more about new Cynodon materials and to establish their proper management an experiment was conducted in Piracicaba - SP in order to study the responses of two cultivars, Tifton 85 and Jiggs, to grazing management. The objective of this study was to describe the structural characteristics and agronomic performance of those two grasses under two grazing regimes imposed by contrasting defoliation techniques based on intermittent grazing, but differing in the time frame for the establishment of the interruption of a rest period. A fixed (28 days) and a variable (whenever canopy height reached 25 cm) rest periods were tested under a completely randomized design in a factorial arrangement (2 x 2) which defined four treatments with three replications, totaling 12 experimental units, each measuring 12.5 by 9.5 m. The experimental period lasted 180 days from October 28, 2010 to April 26, 2011. Tifton 85 and Jiggs had very similar productive characteristics, with no difference in total seasonal forage accumulation (16.8 Mg ha-1 on average). Jiggs grass canopies showed on average the same level of pre-graze light interception of those of Tifton 85, but with different structural characteristics, such as lower leaf:stem ratio, due to the greater amount of stems with the same amount of leaves, greater canopy height when managed with fixed days of rest, and lower LAI. Jiggs forage had a higher proportion of green material. Growth analysis variables measured under grazing were not affected by grass or management. Jiggs performed well, similar to the proven Tifton 85. Under the conditions of this study, the use of fixed rest proved effective as a management technique, based on forage production and canopy structure, in addition to variables related to plant growth. More research is needed describing the qualitative characteristics of these materials under these grazing strategies, as well as the potential intake and animal resposnses, so that recommendations can be developed for producers.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / In Brazil, most soils used in the livestock presents some fertility limitations. One of the alternatives to improve the soils quality is the introduction of perennial species, including grassy and associated legumes and correction of the soil that it will hold the cultures forage crop. There s a lack of Information and researches on soil quality improvement using perennial forages. Therefore, the objective of this work was to evaluate different systems of forage cultures constituted by Pennisetum americanum, Arachis pintoi and Stylosanthes guianensis associated with Cynodon dactylon and both isolated species, with and without mineral fertilizer, and evaluations of the attributes of a Ultisols. In both treatments, Cynodon dactylon received 100 kg of nitrogen during a year. The crops of forage samples were accomplished at every 28 days, making botanical separation and drying the same. After the weighting to calculate the dry matter per area (ha) the samples were crushed for analyses of fiber of neutral detergent (FDN), fiber of acid detergent (FDA), rude protein (PB), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K). The samples collecting were taken during January, March, April and October of 2007. The best results of nutritional values were found in the legumes and in the consortium, being with inferior quality the grassy ones. The dry matter present a great variation among the cuts and the forage systems. After the winter the Stylosanthes portions were lost, due to the frosts that happened during this period. This confirms that it not has an adaptation on our conditions of winter. After a year of implantation of the experiment was collected soil to analysis: density of the soil (DS), microporosity (Mip) and macroporosity (Map) porosity and total porosity of the soil (PT) and size of aggregates. In the chemical part, were analyzed total nitrogen (NT), total organic carbon (COT) and phosphorus (P) and potassium (K). DS presented variation between the treatments and the appraised layers, since 1,40 to 1,62 Mg m-3. In Mip and PT didn't present significant differences between the treatments and layers, but Map presented significant differences. In the aggregate size there was significant differences, and the geometric medium diameter (DMG) it varied from 1,41 to 3,21 mm. In the soil chemical attributes both maintained similarities, in other words, larger concentration in the first layer (0 to 5 cm). But some treatments standing out in larger concentration in the first layer, however maintain similarities in the deep layers, unless the potassium (K), that has a distribution more constantly in the evaluated layers. / No Brasil, a maioria dos solos utilizados para pecuária apresenta algumas limitações de fertilidade. Uma das alternativas para melhorar as condições desses solos é a introdução de espécies perenes, incluindo gramíneas e leguminosas consorciadas e correção do solo que comportará as culturas forrageiras. Informações e pesquisas sobre melhorias de solos com uso de espécies forrageiras perenes são escassas. Nesse sentido, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar diferentes sistemas de culturas forrageiras constituídas de milheto, amendoim forrageiro e estilosantes consorciados com tifton 85 e ambas as espécies isoladas, com e sem adubação mineral, e avaliações dos atributos de um Argissolo vermelho. Em ambas as parcelas adubadas e não adubadas, o tifton 85 recebeu 100 kg de nitrogênio ano-1. As colheitas de amostras de forragem eram realizadas a cada 28 dias, realizando-se separação botânica e secagem da mesma. Feita a pesagem para calcular matéria seca (MS) por área (ha) realizava-se a moagem das amostras para análises de fibra de detergente neutro (FDN), fibra de detergente ácido (FDA), proteína bruta (PB), cálcio (Ca), magnésio (Mg), fósforo (P) e potássio (K). Realizaram-se coletas nos meses de janeiro, março, abril e outubro de 2007. Os melhores resultados de valores de PB, FDA e FDN, foram encontrados nas leguminosas e no consórcio, ficando com qualidade inferior o tifton 85 + 100 kg ha-1 de N. Quanto à produção de MS, variou muito entre os cortes e os sistemas forrageiros. Após o inverno as parcelas de estilosantes foram perdidas, devido às geadas que ocorreram no período de inverno. Isso confirma que o mesmo não tolera frio e não se adapta a nossas condições de inverno. Após um ano de implantação do experimento realizou-se coletas para análise dos atributos do solo, sendo: densidade do solo (DS), micro (Mip) e macro (Map) porosidade e porosidade total do solo (PT) e tamanho de agregados. Na parte química, analisou-se nitrogênio total (NT), carbono orgânico total (COT) e teores de fósforo (P) e potássio (K). A DS apresentou variação entre os tratamentos e as camadas avaliadas, desde 1,40 a 1,62 Mg m-3. Na Mip e PT não apresentou diferenças significativas entre os tratamentos e camadas, mas o Map apresentou diferenças significativas. Nos tamanhos dos agregados houve diferenças significativas, sendo que o diâmetro médio geométrico (DMG) variou de 1,41 a 3,21 mm. Nos atributos químicos do solo, como NT, COT, P e K ambos mantiveram semelhanças, ou seja, maior concentração na primeira camada (0 a 5 cm). Mas alguns tratamentos se destacaram em maior concentração na primeira camada, mantendo semelhanças nas camadas mais profundas, exceto o K que teve uma distribuição mais uniforme nas camadas avaliadas.

L’étude des pratiques mortuaires de l’ère chrétienne est un champ de recherche largement exploré par les historiens et les archéologues. Pourtant, en dépit d’une certaine tendance scientifique actuelle à questionner les rapports homme/milieu, aucune étude n’aborde la pompe funèbre dans une optique ethnobotanique. Cette enquête diachronique reconstitue les accessoires végétaux que la société puise dans son environnement pour accompagner le cadavre. Une méthodologie est développée pour la reconnaissance des micro- et macro-restes végétaux, en particulier le pollen, appliquée aux vestiges de huit sites archéologiques français et italiens (Ier-XVIIe s). Ces données, parfois éclairées par les sources écrites, livrent des informations inédites sur deux types de pratiques. D’une part, des dépôts végétaux constitués d’espèces florales accompagnent le corps des défunts et lui confèrent une image plus éclatante du point de vue visuel et olfactif, y compris dans les milieux sociaux les plus humbles. Ces données invitent les archéologues à considérer l’existence d’un mobilier funéraire peu connu jusqu’alors. D’autre part, les végétaux sont utilisés pour l’embaumement interne des plus privilégiés. L’opération transforme chirurgicalement la dépouille, et les chairs sont apaisées par le baume, une préparation dans laquelle les plantes jouent un rôle prédominant en vertu de leurs propriétés médicinales, olfactives, et symboliques. Ce travail pose les bases méthodologiques d’une archéobotanique funéraire. Les origines anciennes des pratiques mises en évidence devront à présent être reconstituées, mais c’est aussi leur rémanence dans la société contemporaine qu’il conviendra d’analyser. / Roman and Christian mortuary practices are widely explored by historians and archaeologists in Western Europe. Considered as a relic of a social being, the dead body contributes to a better understanding of human communities and cultures. However, even if Man-Environment interactions are now a central issue of the scientific research, no study has questioned funerary behaviors in an ethnobotanical perspective yet. This work aims to reconstitute plant accessories that people collect in their environment to treat the corpse and modify its appearance or its anatomical and biological properties. An original methodology is set up to sample and analyze macro and microbotanical remains, especially pollen, from Roman, Medieval and Modern tombs (1st-17th centuries AD) excavated on eight archaeological sites in France and in Italy. These archaeobotanical data confronted with written sources shed light on two kinds of practices.On the one hand, plant materials such as floral arrangements, litter and cushion made of colorful and fragrant species accompany the defunct into the grave. These tributes modify the sensory perception of the corpse and materialize devotion to the deceased, even in more humble social backgrounds. These results invite archaeologists to consider a new and unexpected kind of grave goods during fieldwork and laboratory analysis.On the other hand, plants are used for embalming into elite social circles. In Europe this practice, most likely originated in Ancient Times, is accurately documented by written and archaeological sources between the 14th century and the early 19th century. Evisceration and excerebration procedures physically transform the corpse, then the flesh and the skin are treated with an aromatic balm composed by many plants and exudates such as wormwood, mint, myrrh and frankincense. Surgeons appeal to medicinal, olfactory and symbolic properties of plants in order to stop the decay process and honor the body.This work lays foundation for an ethno-archaeobotany of death and brings some elements to understand the relationship between the dead body and its plant environment. Ancient origins of these mortuary practices now need to be identified. Moreover their persistence in contemporary society could also be analyzed through an ethno-sociological approach.

Les racines de la plupart des arbres forment des symbioses ectomycorhiziennes avec les champignons mutualistes du sol. Le basidiomycète L. bicolor (Maire) P.D. Orton secrète de petites protéines effectrices (MiSSP) afin d'établir les structures symbiotiques. Toutefois, les protéines de l'hôte ciblées par les MiSSPs ne sont pas connues. Dans notre étude, nous démontrons, à l'aide du système double hybride chez la levure (Y2H), que la protéine MiSSP7 interagit avec les co-récepteurs de l'acide jasmonique (AJ) JAZ5 et JAZ6 de P. trichocarpa. Cette interaction entraine un blocage de la voie de signalisation de l'AJ et favorise le développement symbiotique. Des transformants de L. bicolor, dont l'expression de MiSSP7 est fortement réduite, ne sont plus capables de mycorhizer les racines du peuplier. Une variation transgénique de la transcription de PtJAZ6 ou l'inhibition de la voie de signalisation de l'AJ complémente ce phénotype. Nous avons également montré que la protéine PtJAZ6 interagit avec une protéine de type 14-3-3 et un facteur de transcription de type MYC, formant un complexe de régulation. Deux autres protéines effectrices, MiSSP8 et MiSSP17, sont sécrétées et essentielles au développement symbiotique. Les résultats des analyses Y2H suggèrent que MiSSP8 et MiSSP17 pourraient aider au contournement des réactions de défense de la plante-hôte. Au cours du développement symbiotique, le champignon est le siège d'une reprogrammation génétique importante. Les facteurs de transcription (TFs) sont les principaux acteurs de ces changements génétiques. Nous avons donc étudié les TFs de L. bicolor afin d'obtenir un inventaire complet des TFs régulés par la mycorhization / Roots of most trees form symbiosis with mutualistic soil-borne fungi. The ectomycorrhizal basidiomycete L. bicolor (Maire) P.D. Orton relies on mycorrhizal-induced small secreted proteins (MiSSP) to establish symbiotic tissues in the host-plant. The host proteins targeted by these fungal effectors are yet unknown. In the present study, we used the binary yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) system to determine direct interactions between MiSSP7 and the plant proteins in the L. bicolor-P. trichocarpa ectomycorrhizae. We showed that MiSSP7 interact with the jasmonic acid (JA) co-receptors JAZ5 and JAZ6 of P. trichocarpa, blocking JA signaling and promoting mutualism. L. bicolor transformants with severely reduced expression of MiSSP7 did not enter into symbiosis with poplar roots, a phenotype that could be complemented by transgenically varying the transcription of PtJAZ6 or through inhibiting JA signalling. Additional Y2H assays showed that PtJAZ6 protein form a regulatory complex involving 14-3-3 protein(s) and MYC transcriptional factors. Two others L. bicolor effector-like proteins, MiSSP8 and MiSSP17, are secreted and are essential for the symbiosis development. Y2H assays suggested that these MiSSPs interact with plant proteins involved in plant defence signalling pathways. During symbiosis development, L. bicolor experiences important genetic reprogramming required for root colonization. Transcription factors (TFs) are key players of these genetic changes. Here, we developed high throughput analysis of TFs in L. bicolor to obtain a comprehensive inventory of significantly regulated transcription factors in ECM

Due to the limited repertoire for the guitar from the Baroque period, classical guitarists who wish to perform music from this era have to work primarily with transcriptions. Guitarists draw from various sources from this period such as vocal and instrumental music for the five-course guitar, lute and the harpsichord. Of these sources, the repertoire for the harpsichord is perhaps the most frequently arranged for various guitar formations because its textures are greatly similar to those of the guitar repertoire. As a result, harpsichord music tends to transfer well to the guitar. Baroque harpsichord composers such as Domenico Scarlatti, Johann Sebastian Bach, François Couperin, and Jean-Philippe Rameau-to name a few-have a permanent home in the classical guitar canon and represent the musical tastes and styles of Italy, Germany, and France. These composers exemplify the various stylistic differences between the above-mentioned countries; yet, the harpsichord music of Spain is largely underrepresented in guitar collections. One of the most noteworthy Spanish harpsichordists was Padre Antonio Soler (1729-1783), who composed 120 sonatas for the instrument. When considering the ease with which some of his works transfer to the guitar, and specifically guitar duo, much can be gained by expanding the repertoire and exploring the Spanish Baroque style. The purpose of this study is three-fold: first, to present transcriptions of Antonio Soler's Sonata No. 85 and Fandango for guitar duo; second, to provide analysis of Sonata No. 85 with an emphasis on the intervallic features of the motives; third, to give an overview of the transcription process of Fandango for guitar duo while including a study of Spanish Baroque guitar and the appropriate stylistic effects drawn from its repertoire that can be incorporated in the arrangement.

Grasses of the genera Brachiaria and Cynodon are some of the most important pasture introductions in Brazil. Convert HD 364 brachiariagrass, a new Brachiaria hybrid, was released as an option for a broad range of environmental conditions, high nutritive value and forage production. Forage-based livestock systems are complex and interactions among animals, plants, and the environment exist at several levels of complexity, which can be evaluated using computer modeling. Herbage accumulation, crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), in vitro organic matter digestibility (IVOMD), plant-part composition, leaf photosynthesis, leaf area index (LAI), and light interception (LI) were evaluated as affected by two harvest frequency (28 and 42-days), irrigated and rainfed in a clipping study from April 2011 to April 2013, contrasting Convert HD 364® brachiariagrass (Brachiaria hybrid CIAT 36061), Marandu palisadegrass {Brachiaria brizantha (Hochst. ex A. Rich.) R. D. Webster [syn. Urochloa brizantha (A. Rich.) Stapf]; CIAT 6297}, and Tifton 85 bermudagrass (Cynodon spp.). The experimental design for both the irrigated and the rainfed trials was a randomized complete block with four replications. Convert HD 364 had similar or higher annual herbage accumulation, seasonal yield and herbage accumulation rate than Marandu and Tifton 85, (15% more herbage accumulation than Marandu and 12% more than Tifton 85 when irrigated and when harvested at shorter regrowth intervals). Convert HD 364 had good seasonal distribution of total annual herbage produced and accumulates about 30% of the total herbage mass during the cool season in Piracicaba, similar to Marandu. Tifton 85 produced around 20% of its average annual yield during dry season. Tifton 85 forage had higher CP concentration than the other two grasses when harvested at shorter intervals and when irrigated. The NDF concentration in Convert HD 364 was lower than in the other grasses regardless of irrigation treatment, harvest frequency, and season of the year, resulting in high IVOMD (more than 650 g kg-1), similar to that of Marandu. Regard to CROPGRO calibration, in general the model performance was good for the three grasses. Leaf and stem weight simulations were improved, due to increase partitioning to stem for low harvest frequencies. The LAI and LI were well performed by the model, showing increase for lower harvest frequency, with exception to Tifton 85. Under rainfed conditions, the simulations using the Penman-Monteith-FAO 56 method gave more realistic water stress responses than using the Priestley and Taylor method. Calibration results suggest that the CROPGRO - Perennial Forage Model can be used to adequately simulate growth of Marandu, Convert HD 364, and Tifton 85 under irrigated and rainfed conditions, being able to simulate different harvest frequency managements. / As gramíneas do gênero Brachiaria e Cynodon são algumas das pastagens cultivadas introduzidas no Brasil de maior importância. Convert HD 364, um novo híbrido de Brachiaria, foi lançado como uma opção para uso numa ampla gama de condições ambientais, com alto valor nutritivo e produção de forragem. Sistemas pecuários em pastagens são complexos e as interações entre os animais, as plantas e o meio ambiente existem em vários níveis de complexidade, que podem ser avaliados utilizando modelagem computacional. Acúmulo de forragem, proteína bruta (PB), fibra em detergente neutro (FDN), digestibilidade in vitro da matéria orgânica (DIVMO), a composição morfológica da planta, fotossíntese foliar, índice de área foliar (IAF) e interceptação luminosa (IL) foram avaliados em resposta à duas frequências de colheita (28 e 42 dias), irrigada e não irrigada, em um estudo com parcelas colhidas mecanicamente a partir de abril de 2011 até abril de 2013, contrastando os capins Convert HD 364® (Brachiaria híbrida CIAT 36061), Marandu {Brachiaria brizantha (Hochst. ex A. Rich.) RD Webster [syn. Urochloa brizantha (A. Rich.) Stapf]; CIAT 6297} e Tifton 85 (Cynodon spp.). O delineamento experimental utilizado tanto para o irrigado quanto para o não irrigado foi de blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições. Convert HD 364 teve acúmulo de forragem anual, produção sazonal de forragem e taxa de acúmulo de forragem semelhante ou superior ao Marandu e Tifton 85, (acúmulo de forragem 15% maior do que Marandu e 12% maior do que o Tifton 85, quando irrigado e colhido em intervalos de rebrotação mais curtos). Convert HD 364 teve boa distribuição sazonal de forragem total do ano, produzindo cerca de 30% da massa total de forragem durante a estação fria, em Piracicaba, semelhante ao Marandu. Tifton 85 produziu cerca de 20% do seu rendimento médio anual durante a estação fria. Tifton 85 teve PB maior do que as outras duas gramíneas, quando colhidas em intervalos mais curtos e quando irrigadas. A concentração de FDN em Convert HD 364 foi menor do que nas outras gramíneas, independentemente da irrigação, da frequência de colheita e das estações do ano, resultando em alta DIVMO (mais de 650 g kg-1), semelhante à do capim Marandu. Em relação à calibração do CROPGRO, em geral, o desempenho do modelo foi bom para as três gramíneas. Simulações de massa de folha e colmo foram melhoradas para os capins, devido ao aumento na partição de assimilados direcionados para colmo em condição de baixa freqüência de colheita. O IAF e IL foram bem simulados pelo modelo, mostrando aumento com a diminuição da freqüência de colheita, com exceção do Tifton 85. Em condição não irrigada, as simulações utilizando o método de Penman -Monteith - FAO 56 deram respostas mais realistas de estresse hídrico do que usando o método de Priestley e Taylor. Os resultados da calibração sugerem que o modelo CROPGRO - forragem perene pode ser usado para simular adequadamente o crescimento de Marandu, Convert HD 364 e Tifton 85 sob condições irrigadas e não irrigada, sendo capaz de simular diferentes manejos de frequência de desfolhação.

Grasses of the genera Brachiaria and Cynodon are some of the most important pasture introductions in Brazil. Convert HD 364 brachiariagrass, a new Brachiaria hybrid, was released as an option for a broad range of environmental conditions, high nutritive value and forage production. Forage-based livestock systems are complex and interactions among animals, plants, and the environment exist at several levels of complexity, which can be evaluated using computer modeling. Herbage accumulation, crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), in vitro organic matter digestibility (IVOMD), plant-part composition, leaf photosynthesis, leaf area index (LAI), and light interception (LI) were evaluated as affected by two harvest frequency (28 and 42-days), irrigated and rainfed in a clipping study from April 2011 to April 2013, contrasting Convert HD 364® brachiariagrass (Brachiaria hybrid CIAT 36061), Marandu palisadegrass {Brachiaria brizantha (Hochst. ex A. Rich.) R. D. Webster [syn. Urochloa brizantha (A. Rich.) Stapf]; CIAT 6297}, and Tifton 85 bermudagrass (Cynodon spp.). The experimental design for both the irrigated and the rainfed trials was a randomized complete block with four replications. Convert HD 364 had similar or higher annual herbage accumulation, seasonal yield and herbage accumulation rate than Marandu and Tifton 85, (15% more herbage accumulation than Marandu and 12% more than Tifton 85 when irrigated and when harvested at shorter regrowth intervals). Convert HD 364 had good seasonal distribution of total annual herbage produced and accumulates about 30% of the total herbage mass during the cool season in Piracicaba, similar to Marandu. Tifton 85 produced around 20% of its average annual yield during dry season. Tifton 85 forage had higher CP concentration than the other two grasses when harvested at shorter intervals and when irrigated. The NDF concentration in Convert HD 364 was lower than in the other grasses regardless of irrigation treatment, harvest frequency, and season of the year, resulting in high IVOMD (more than 650 g kg-1), similar to that of Marandu. Regard to CROPGRO calibration, in general the model performance was good for the three grasses. Leaf and stem weight simulations were improved, due to increase partitioning to stem for low harvest frequencies. The LAI and LI were well performed by the model, showing increase for lower harvest frequency, with exception to Tifton 85. Under rainfed conditions, the simulations using the Penman-Monteith-FAO 56 method gave more realistic water stress responses than using the Priestley and Taylor method. Calibration results suggest that the CROPGRO - Perennial Forage Model can be used to adequately simulate growth of Marandu, Convert HD 364, and Tifton 85 under irrigated and rainfed conditions, being able to simulate different harvest frequency managements. / As gramíneas do gênero Brachiaria e Cynodon são algumas das pastagens cultivadas introduzidas no Brasil de maior importância. Convert HD 364, um novo híbrido de Brachiaria, foi lançado como uma opção para uso numa ampla gama de condições ambientais, com alto valor nutritivo e produção de forragem. Sistemas pecuários em pastagens são complexos e as interações entre os animais, as plantas e o meio ambiente existem em vários níveis de complexidade, que podem ser avaliados utilizando modelagem computacional. Acúmulo de forragem, proteína bruta (PB), fibra em detergente neutro (FDN), digestibilidade in vitro da matéria orgânica (DIVMO), a composição morfológica da planta, fotossíntese foliar, índice de área foliar (IAF) e interceptação luminosa (IL) foram avaliados em resposta à duas frequências de colheita (28 e 42 dias), irrigada e não irrigada, em um estudo com parcelas colhidas mecanicamente a partir de abril de 2011 até abril de 2013, contrastando os capins Convert HD 364® (Brachiaria híbrida CIAT 36061), Marandu {Brachiaria brizantha (Hochst. ex A. Rich.) RD Webster [syn. Urochloa brizantha (A. Rich.) Stapf]; CIAT 6297} e Tifton 85 (Cynodon spp.). O delineamento experimental utilizado tanto para o irrigado quanto para o não irrigado foi de blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições. Convert HD 364 teve acúmulo de forragem anual, produção sazonal de forragem e taxa de acúmulo de forragem semelhante ou superior ao Marandu e Tifton 85, (acúmulo de forragem 15% maior do que Marandu e 12% maior do que o Tifton 85, quando irrigado e colhido em intervalos de rebrotação mais curtos). Convert HD 364 teve boa distribuição sazonal de forragem total do ano, produzindo cerca de 30% da massa total de forragem durante a estação fria, em Piracicaba, semelhante ao Marandu. Tifton 85 produziu cerca de 20% do seu rendimento médio anual durante a estação fria. Tifton 85 teve PB maior do que as outras duas gramíneas, quando colhidas em intervalos mais curtos e quando irrigadas. A concentração de FDN em Convert HD 364 foi menor do que nas outras gramíneas, independentemente da irrigação, da frequência de colheita e das estações do ano, resultando em alta DIVMO (mais de 650 g kg-1), semelhante à do capim Marandu. Em relação à calibração do CROPGRO, em geral, o desempenho do modelo foi bom para as três gramíneas. Simulações de massa de folha e colmo foram melhoradas para os capins, devido ao aumento na partição de assimilados direcionados para colmo em condição de baixa freqüência de colheita. O IAF e IL foram bem simulados pelo modelo, mostrando aumento com a diminuição da freqüência de colheita, com exceção do Tifton 85. Em condição não irrigada, as simulações utilizando o método de Penman -Monteith - FAO 56 deram respostas mais realistas de estresse hídrico do que usando o método de Priestley e Taylor. Os resultados da calibração sugerem que o modelo CROPGRO - forragem perene pode ser usado para simular adequadamente o crescimento de Marandu, Convert HD 364 e Tifton 85 sob condições irrigadas e não irrigada, sendo capaz de simular diferentes manejos de frequência de desfolhação.