Theories that presented decline and depopulation as defining characteristics of Greece at the transitions from the Hellenistic to the Roman period have been challenged by recent regional studies that investigated landscape, political, economic and social change. This thesis adds to this growing discourse by investigating the impact of, and responses to, increasing Roman hegemony in Thessaly from the 2nd century BCE to the 2nd century CE. This thesis focuses on quantitative and qualitative evidence for change in three inter-related aspects, (1) settlement and land use, (2) identity expression and (3) reciprocal benefactions. The results highlight the complex and regionally specific impact of Roman hegemony as well as the discrepant responses of local elite members of the population. Urbanization, a decrease in small settlement site numbers and a rise in the number of large rural estates, villae rusticae, and imperial estates, all indicating changes in land ownership patterns, are characteristic of the middle Hellenistic and early Roman periods in Thessaly. Epigraphic data demonstrate that honorary grants, particularly citizenship and land ownership rights, peaked in the 2nd century BCE followed by a gradual decline. This suggests that during the transitional period towards Roman rule, elite citizens increasingly engaged in the system of euergetism in order to accumulate property and obtain citizenship in poleis other than their own as part of their strategies for social advancement. With the advent of the Principate, elite members of society engaged more frequently with the Roman authority through honouring members of the imperial family and participating in the imperial cult. In addition, the increasing number of local elite members of society who obtained Roman citizenship and adopted Roman nomenclature, while maintaining their Greek personal name in place of the cognomen highlights how the local elites became Roman but stayed Thessalian.

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The purpose of this thesis is to re-evaluate with special reference to the Attic History of the third-century historian Philochoros the nature of local historical writing at Athens, its sources,m ethodologya nd defining features. Attic historiography( or "Atthidography" as it is more commonly known) began in the late fifth century B. C. with a non-Athenian called Hellanikos and cuhninatedw ith Philochoros in the third. Current consensush olds that these writers worked within a rigidly defined genre whose most salient hallmark was the schernatisationo f Athenian history around a list of annuala rchonsa nd that the aim of each successive writer was to present history with a unique political slant. This thesis challenges conventional wisdom on three scores. First, it argues that, while there can be little doubt that Philochoros organised his Attic History in the shape of a chronicle, the historical treatiseso f his literary predecessorsa doptedd ifferent traits and in few instances exhibit an annalistic structure; this observation discourages the notion that Philochoros modelled his own treatise on earlier works of the same title or drew his historical material from those works. Second, it contests the idea that local historical writing was a function of a protracted ideological polen-ýc at Athens: starting with the History of Herodotos and finishing with Philochoros, it argues that literary figures in most observable cases sought not to voice one side of public debate over given historical themes but instead sought to subvert public perception in its entirety. Third, it contends that Philochoros was able to construct an historical narrative largely, if not principally, from documentary evidence and that his debt to an earlier tradition of oral narrative was minimal. This thesis intends to subvert a tradition of scholarly thinking originating with F. Jacoby and to encourage reconsideration of entrenched doctrines and dogmas.

The current thesis presents a unique approach to the integration of osteological and funerary data. This approach exploits the nature of archaeological funerary and osteological data and their relationship to social factors to examine the social correlates of funerary treatment, diet and health. This is achieved via a reconceptualization of the relationship between osteological evidence and funerary data as a potential juxtaposition between evidence based on the lived reality of the individual and that constituted in the arena of death by the burying group. The new approach was applied to funerary and osteological data from the Classical and Hellenistic city of Ambrakia in northwest Greece. This entailed a detailed assessment of the relationships between funerary treatments, biological variables, indicators of health and stable carbon and nitrogen isotopic analysis of dietary content. This analysis was performed utilizing the multivariate statistical procedures logistic regression and factorial ANOVA (GLM). The results indicate that the current approach permits the identification of variable relationships that cannot be anticipated or visualized utilizing traditional methods of integration. The thesis establishest he importance and complexity of intra-population patterns of health, and of their correlation with funerary treatments, in providing social explanations of observed variation in osteological and funerary remains

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A comprehensive study of the archaeological remains of the Mycenaean Achaea is the central object of this thesis. The whole work is divided into three main parts and seven chapters. Of the opening two chapters of Part One the first gives a brief account of the topography and geographical features of the district, while the second describes the distribution of prehistoric sites, paying special attention to the sites where Mycenaean material is most abundant. The next four chapters are devoted to a detailed analysis of the material. A large part of this section (Part Two) is taken up with the discussion of the Mycenaean pottery. I do not apologize for this, as the ceramic material (which is quite considerable) has never before been adequately published. In the seventh concluding chapter (Part Three) the main conclusions are summarized and a reconstruction of the situation existing in Achaea during the Late Bronze Age is attempted. Much of the material is unpublished. In particular what I have presented for the first time is as follows: I Over thirty new prehistoric sites; II A great number of new chamber tombs and at least three new kinds of other tombs (cist, tumulus, intramural) either not known or never studied in detail before; III Almost tv/ice as many vases as those known before (520-961);IV Many small finds and bronze objects, either entirely unknown or treated very summarily before. A quite new picture of Achaea then emerges, which is to a great extent different from that given by most of the previous researchers.