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Immigration policies such as temporary protected status and deferred enforced departure can serve as suitable humanitarian solutions to help displaced individuals. Notwithstanding, when implemented in the course of many years, the uncertainty and stress of living in limbo can pose significant challenges to beneficiaries and create a multifarious scenario for government leaders. This qualitative study examined the experience of Liberians, a group designated with temporary immigration protection in the United States since 1991, who have consequently formed lives in the United States while in temporary status. The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore the effects of temporary immigration policy, implemented as a long-term solution on the security of Liberians and their successful integration in the United States. The study was designed with a case study approach, which yielded a breadth of data collected through semistructured interviews of 9 members of the Liberian community. The research question aimed to understand the perceived effects of long-term implementation of temporary immigration policy on Liberians and their ability to feel secure and integrate into U.S. society. The data were analyzed using content analysis and revealed that irrespective of the challenges and angst of living in limbo, and evidence of some degree of marginalization, Liberians have progressed in many ways and are contributing members of U.S. society. The social change implications of this research include providing a voice to Liberians and others in similar circumstances and the potential for policymakers to consider how temporary immigration policies are implemented in the future.

The need for a better understanding of journey to work behavior has never before been so important. Many transportation corridors are functioning at unacceptable levels of service and many at times to their capacity. This phenomenon is more pronounced during peak period when majority of the population is making their work trip. This research builds on the recent developments in structural equations modeling technique for identifying the socio-demographic influences on the commute behavior of the population in Florida. Towards this purpose a series of five structural equations models are estimated using aggregate level data from Census 2000. Each of these models has a set of journey to work characteristics that are observed for their behavior against prevalent sociodemographic characteristics. The journey to work characteristics identified are exhaustively studied for various relationships to the socio-demographic characteristics. The model estimation led to the identification of relations between various journey to work characteristics and the socio-demographic characteristics at the Census Tract level. Some of the results obtained supported other studies performed earlier. It is hoped that the findings of this research would broaden the horizon in understanding journey to work behavior of the population of Florida.

<p>This study investigates ways in which migratory trajectories relate to the gradual insertion and eventual integration of immigrants. It therefore shows the contribution of social capital in the migration and insertion into the entrepreneurial city of the host country. The focus of the study is on immigrants of African origin. It is hypothesized that immigrants of different nationalities in South Africa use&nbsp / particular assets to engage in street vending as a way of insertion into their new environment. Data were obtained through a survey of two hundred and eight (208) respondents conveniently&nbsp / selected. The survey was carried out in five suburbs of Cape Town and as well as at some major road junctions where these vendors are found. The Statistical package for Social Science (SPSS) was used to analyse the data. The results showed that nationality was an important determinant of the migratory trajectories of immigrant vendors. Migration has been on the increase with the&nbsp / improvement in technology and globalization. In the same light, migration into South African cities mainly from the rest of Africa and Asia took an upward trend especially after the fall of Apartheid&nbsp / Regime and the advent of democracy in the nineties. Street vendors form part of these immigrants in South Africa. Many of them especially from other African countries find it a suitable means of&nbsp / survival. Faced with the difficulty of getting jobs in South Africa, immigrants resort to informal trading as a starting point for survival. They may change to other activities depending on certain variables like duration of stay, level of education, age, sex, marital status, social capital and networks. Coming from different socioeconomic, cultural and political backgrounds, these immigrants&nbsp / resort to different ways of migrating and forms of adaptation aimed at sustaining their livelihood in their new environments. Most studies in the field of migration and entrepreneurship focus on&nbsp / remittances by the migrants as well as their impact on both their place of departure and on the place of destination. Little attention is paid to the way they migrate and how they insert themselves in the entrepreneurial city.<br /> &nbsp / </p>

1. The central theoretical argument of this study is that Dr. D. Martyn Lloyd-Jones maintains a true and Biblical view of sin and that he sets off his view meaningfully and apologetically against unbiblical views regarding sin. The purpose of the study is to investigate Lloyd-Jones's view of sin and to indicate that it can at present be applied meaningfully and apologetically. 2. To develop and substantiate this argument, the following procedure has been followed: 2.1. Lloyd-Jones's theological background is established as reliable. 2.2. His position regarding apologetics and his points of departure concerning it are dealt with. He begins by examining man and his fall into sin. The gospel, as God's way of salvation, is set against unbiblical views regarding man and his redemption. His points of departure indicate how the fall of man has resulted in a humanistic anthropology and how this in turn has led to unscriptural standpoints regarding sin. The Biblical view of man, on the other hand, is based on man being made in the image of God. The fall of man damage this image of God in man. God restores this image by means of the redeeming sacrifice of his Son so that the restored man can once again become the image bearer through the working of the Holy Spirit. 2.3. Lloyd-Jones's apologetic points of departure are followed by an examination of his views regarding sin. His views are based on the Biblical doctrine of original sin and especially on the text of Romans 5:12-21. Lloyd-Jones's basic premise regarding original sin is: 'The world is as it is today because when Adam sinned all sinned". Effective apologetics should use the Biblical doctrine of original sin by referring to the positive antipole, namely redemption in Christ. 2.4. From original sin flows all acts of sin. That is why the characteristics of sin are investigated. The most important conclusions resulting from the characteristics of sin are: 2.4.1. That sin deliberately rejects and suppresses the truth and that the sinner is pleased about the sin which is committed (Romans 1:32; Philippians 3:19). 2.4.2. That the keyword for sin in the New Testament namely hamrtia, essentially means "missing your goal". However the exegesis of Lloyd-Jones indicates that the sinner does not only miss his goal, but does not even aim at the target; in fact, he aims at a different target from the one God sets for him, instead of the living God being worshipped, the creature and creation are worshipped (Romans 1:18-32). 2.4.3. That sin causes spiritual disintegration. This is why people are so susceptible to superficial and unscriptural trends. 2.4.4. That sin is directed primarily against God (Psalm 51:6). 2.4.5. That a true doctrine of sin calls forth a healthy realisation of sin and therefore also a realisation of one's dependence on God for eternal salvation (cf. Matthews 5:3). 2.4.6. That God's judgement of sin as a breach of his covenant is intensified in the church of the New Testament (d. Hebrews 10:19-31). 2.5. Lloyd-Jones uses his view of sin with the intention of awakening a realisation of sin in unbelievers and in this way encouraging the need for redemption. 2.6. The same doctrine of sin is used to foster the sanctification of believers. The process of sanctification consists of the mortification of sin. This process occurs through the direction of the Holy Spirit. 3. Sinful acts are manifested in false doctrines and false religions. This is why Lloyd-Jones's fields of application are examined. A feature of false doctrines and false religions used virtually throughout by Lloyd-Jones in the apologetic process, is the additions to or detractions from the Bible - or both: 3.1. The Roman Catholic Church adds to Scripture by accepting an open canon as it is embodied in Roman Catholic tradition. It is precisely as The Roman Catholic Church system places itself between man and Christ and in this way people's eternal salvation is compromised. 3.2. In contrast with humanism and the resulting uncertainty concerning eternal salvation in the Aminian theology, Lloyd-Jones focuses on the sovereignty of God and the consequential certainty of salvation in the Calvinistic doctrine of predestination. 3.3. If the Darwinian evolutionary doctrine were true, the Biblical doctrine of sin and salvation would be meaningless. Lloyd-Jones uses the story of creation and the fall of man as it is described in Genesis 1-3 as actual occurrences to show that evolutionism is simply a theory. 3.4. Against Christian Science's focus on temporary and earthly prosperity, Lloyd-Jones places man's eternal prosperity as a higher priority. Sin threatens man's eternal prosperity. The Christian Scientists add to the Bible by placing the Science of Mind above the Bible. They detract from the Bible by regarding sin simply as ignorance. 4. Outstanding and admirable features of Lloyd-Jones's apologetics are the way in which he pursues apologetics and the substantial quality of his discussion. He approaches apologetics in an atmosphere of love for the truth and love for the sinner. Lloyd-Jones's point of departure is essentially a prayerful development and true exposition and application of the Word. / Thesis (Th.M. (Ethics))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2004.

<p>This study investigates ways in which migratory trajectories relate to the gradual insertion and eventual integration of immigrants. It therefore shows the contribution of social capital in the migration and insertion into the entrepreneurial city of the host country. The focus of the study is on immigrants of African origin. It is hypothesized that immigrants of different nationalities in South Africa use&nbsp / particular assets to engage in street vending as a way of insertion into their new environment. Data were obtained through a survey of two hundred and eight (208) respondents conveniently&nbsp / selected. The survey was carried out in five suburbs of Cape Town and as well as at some major road junctions where these vendors are found. The Statistical package for Social Science (SPSS) was used to analyse the data. The results showed that nationality was an important determinant of the migratory trajectories of immigrant vendors. Migration has been on the increase with the&nbsp / improvement in technology and globalization. In the same light, migration into South African cities mainly from the rest of Africa and Asia took an upward trend especially after the fall of Apartheid&nbsp / Regime and the advent of democracy in the nineties. Street vendors form part of these immigrants in South Africa. Many of them especially from other African countries find it a suitable means of&nbsp / survival. Faced with the difficulty of getting jobs in South Africa, immigrants resort to informal trading as a starting point for survival. They may change to other activities depending on certain variables like duration of stay, level of education, age, sex, marital status, social capital and networks. Coming from different socioeconomic, cultural and political backgrounds, these immigrants&nbsp / resort to different ways of migrating and forms of adaptation aimed at sustaining their livelihood in their new environments. Most studies in the field of migration and entrepreneurship focus on&nbsp / remittances by the migrants as well as their impact on both their place of departure and on the place of destination. Little attention is paid to the way they migrate and how they insert themselves in the entrepreneurial city.<br /> &nbsp / </p>

1. The central theoretical argument of this study is that Dr. D. Martyn Lloyd-Jones maintains a true and Biblical view of sin and that he sets off his view meaningfully and apologetically against unbiblical views regarding sin. The purpose of the study is to investigate Lloyd-Jones's view of sin and to indicate that it can at present be applied meaningfully and apologetically. 2. To develop and substantiate this argument, the following procedure has been followed: 2.1. Lloyd-Jones's theological background is established as reliable. 2.2. His position regarding apologetics and his points of departure concerning it are dealt with. He begins by examining man and his fall into sin. The gospel, as God's way of salvation, is set against unbiblical views regarding man and his redemption. His points of departure indicate how the fall of man has resulted in a humanistic anthropology and how this in turn has led to unscriptural standpoints regarding sin. The Biblical view of man, on the other hand, is based on man being made in the image of God. The fall of man damage this image of God in man. God restores this image by means of the redeeming sacrifice of his Son so that the restored man can once again become the image bearer through the working of the Holy Spirit. 2.3. Lloyd-Jones's apologetic points of departure are followed by an examination of his views regarding sin. His views are based on the Biblical doctrine of original sin and especially on the text of Romans 5:12-21. Lloyd-Jones's basic premise regarding original sin is: 'The world is as it is today because when Adam sinned all sinned". Effective apologetics should use the Biblical doctrine of original sin by referring to the positive antipole, namely redemption in Christ. 2.4. From original sin flows all acts of sin. That is why the characteristics of sin are investigated. The most important conclusions resulting from the characteristics of sin are: 2.4.1. That sin deliberately rejects and suppresses the truth and that the sinner is pleased about the sin which is committed (Romans 1:32; Philippians 3:19). 2.4.2. That the keyword for sin in the New Testament namely hamrtia, essentially means "missing your goal". However the exegesis of Lloyd-Jones indicates that the sinner does not only miss his goal, but does not even aim at the target; in fact, he aims at a different target from the one God sets for him, instead of the living God being worshipped, the creature and creation are worshipped (Romans 1:18-32). 2.4.3. That sin causes spiritual disintegration. This is why people are so susceptible to superficial and unscriptural trends. 2.4.4. That sin is directed primarily against God (Psalm 51:6). 2.4.5. That a true doctrine of sin calls forth a healthy realisation of sin and therefore also a realisation of one's dependence on God for eternal salvation (cf. Matthews 5:3). 2.4.6. That God's judgement of sin as a breach of his covenant is intensified in the church of the New Testament (d. Hebrews 10:19-31). 2.5. Lloyd-Jones uses his view of sin with the intention of awakening a realisation of sin in unbelievers and in this way encouraging the need for redemption. 2.6. The same doctrine of sin is used to foster the sanctification of believers. The process of sanctification consists of the mortification of sin. This process occurs through the direction of the Holy Spirit. 3. Sinful acts are manifested in false doctrines and false religions. This is why Lloyd-Jones's fields of application are examined. A feature of false doctrines and false religions used virtually throughout by Lloyd-Jones in the apologetic process, is the additions to or detractions from the Bible - or both: 3.1. The Roman Catholic Church adds to Scripture by accepting an open canon as it is embodied in Roman Catholic tradition. It is precisely as The Roman Catholic Church system places itself between man and Christ and in this way people's eternal salvation is compromised. 3.2. In contrast with humanism and the resulting uncertainty concerning eternal salvation in the Aminian theology, Lloyd-Jones focuses on the sovereignty of God and the consequential certainty of salvation in the Calvinistic doctrine of predestination. 3.3. If the Darwinian evolutionary doctrine were true, the Biblical doctrine of sin and salvation would be meaningless. Lloyd-Jones uses the story of creation and the fall of man as it is described in Genesis 1-3 as actual occurrences to show that evolutionism is simply a theory. 3.4. Against Christian Science's focus on temporary and earthly prosperity, Lloyd-Jones places man's eternal prosperity as a higher priority. Sin threatens man's eternal prosperity. The Christian Scientists add to the Bible by placing the Science of Mind above the Bible. They detract from the Bible by regarding sin simply as ignorance. 4. Outstanding and admirable features of Lloyd-Jones's apologetics are the way in which he pursues apologetics and the substantial quality of his discussion. He approaches apologetics in an atmosphere of love for the truth and love for the sinner. Lloyd-Jones's point of departure is essentially a prayerful development and true exposition and application of the Word. / Thesis (Th.M. (Ethics))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2004.

The phenomenon dropwise condensation on a horizontal gold coated tube is investigated by both analytical and experimental methods in this study. A computer program is prepared to calculate the dropwise condensation heat transfer rate on the horizontal gold coated tube. An experimental setup was also manufactured to measure the dropwise condensation heat transfer rate. The effects of flow rate, temperature of cooling water and also steam to wall temperature difference have been analytically investigated by using Mathcad computer program. Experiments were carried out at different inlet temperatures of cooling water. Effects of cooling water at different flow rates are also experimentally investigated. Results of the experiments are compared to those of the literature and the analytical results.

The work investigates the education in family, the departure from faith and return to the Church and faith. It is a research work. The first part deals with the preparation for a qualitative dialogue and for the choice of appropriate respondents. It describes the process of respondents collection, the process of dialogue and their recording. The case analysis occupies with the respondents´ characteristics. The second part of the work is interested in the analysis of the dialogue, the comparative analysis and therefore the dialogue evaluation. We get to know how the respondents were guided and lead to faith in their families, when and why they departed from faith, what events and moments in their lives had a bearing on their faith experience, when they returned to the Church, what people influenced their religion development and how they live in Church now. We find out that particular spheres are dependent one on another. It is very important how strong is the faith basis, how deep you sowed the faith and how you kept the seed. We can also see a diference in feeling the faith at each respondent since people are different. The human personality is very important as well as your opening to the Grace of God. The role of people we meet is very important, too. We are influenced by them. It is a kind of a call not only for people in pastoral work but also for believers themselves so that they can try to help and be here for others.

Doctor of Philosophy / Department of Civil Engineering / Sunanda Dissanayake / Lane-departure crashes are the most predominant crash type in Kansas which causes very high number of motor vehicle fatalities. Therefore, the Kansas Department of Transportation (KDOT) has implemented several different types of countermeasures to reduce the number of motor vehicle fatalities associated with lane-departure crashes. This research was conducted to estimate the safety effectiveness of commonly used lane-departure countermeasures in Kansas on all crashes and lane-departure crashes using Crash Modification Factors (CMFs). Paved shoulders, rumble strips, safety edge treatments and median cable barriers were identified as the commonly used lane-departure countermeasures on both tangent and curved road segments while chevrons and post-mounted delineators were identified as the most commonly used lane-departure countermeasures on curved road segments. This research proposes a state-of-art method of estimating CMFs using cross-sectional data for chevrons and post-mounted delineators. Furthermore, another state-of-art method is proposed in this research to estimate CMFs for safety edge treatments using before-and-after data. Considering the difficulties of finding the exact date of implementation of each countermeasure, both cross-sectional and before-and-after studies were employed to estimate the CMFs. Cross-sectional and case-control methods, which are the two major methods in cross-sectional studies were employed to estimate CMFs for paved shoulders, rumble strips, and median cable barriers. The conventional cross-sectional and case-control methods were modified when estimating CMFs for chevrons and post-mounted delineators by incorporating environmental and human behaviors in addition to geometric and traffic-related explanatory variables. The proposed method is novel and has not been used in the previous cross-sectional models available in the literature. Generalized linear regression models assuming negative binomial error structure were used to develop models for cross-sectional method to estimate CMFs while logistic regression models were used to estimate CMFs using case-control method. Results showed that incorporating environmental and human-related variables into cross-sectional models provide better model fit than in conventional cross-sectional models. To validate the developed models for cross-sectional method, mean of the residuals and the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) were used. For the case-control method, Receiver Operational Characteristic (ROC) was used to evaluate the predictive power of models for a binary outcome using classification tables. However, it was seen that the case-control method is not suitable for estimating CMFs for all crashes since the range of the crash frequency is wide in each road segment. A regression-based method of estimating CMFs using before-and-after data was proposed to estimate CMFs for safety edge treatments. This method allows researchers to identify the safety effectiveness of an individual CMFs on road segments where multiple treatments have been applied at the same time. Since this method uses road geometric and traffic-related characteristics in addition to countermeasure information as the explanatory variables, the model itself would be the Safety Performance Function (SPF). Therefore, developing new SPF is not necessary. Finally, the CMFs were estimated using before-and-after Empirical Bayes method to validate the results from the regression-based method. The results of this study can be used as a decision-making tool when implementing lane-departure countermeasures on similar roadways in Kansas. Even though there are readily available CMFs from the national level studies, having more localized CMFs will be beneficial due to differences in traffic-related and geometric characteristics on different roadways.