Frames são dispositivos cognitivos que organizam os sentidos da vida cotidiana. Enquadrar um risco ambiental é fazer mais saliente algumas de suas possibilidades, promovendo uma ou outra interpretação. A dissertação examina como a pauta dos transgênicos foi enquadrada pelos portais Estadão Digital <estadao.com.br> e Folha de S. Paulo <folha.uol.com.br> no período de 1998 a 2015. Para tanto, mediante a análise dos elementos textuais dos artigos (metáforas, escolhas de palavras e argumentos), 1.396 notícias foram classificadas em um dos seguintes frames de notícia: progresso, prospecto econômico, ética, caixa de Pandora, descontrole, natureza, responsabilidade pública e globalização. Os achados revelam que o frame predominante foi \"responsabilidade pública\", especialmente durante o biênio 2003/04 que antecedeu a sanção da \"Lei da Biossegurança\" em 2005. Mas antes de comunicar informações plurais, equilibradas, relacionando antecedentes e pressupostos, avaliando implicações e examinando alternativas e critérios de comparação, a mídia paulista tratou muito mais dos aspectos associados às polêmicas e conflitos políticos nacionais / Frames are cognitive devices that organize the meanings of everyday life. To frame a certain risk is to do more prominent some of its possibilities, promoting one or another interpretation. The research examines how the agenda of transgenic organisms has been framed by the Brazilian online newspapers Estadão Digital <estadao.com.br> and Folha de S. Paulo <folha.uol.com.br> from 1998 to 2015. To do so, an analysis of the internal textual elements (metaphors, selection of words and arguments) presented in the articles was done, resulting in 1.396 classified news according to one of the following news frames: progress, economic prospect, ethics, Pandora\'s box, runaway technology, nature/nurture, public accountability and globalization. The findings suggest that \"public accountability\" was the most frequently frame, especially during the years 2003/04, which preceded the sanction of the \"Biosafety Law\", in March 2005. Thus, despite communicating plural and balanced information, relating antecedent and assumptions, evaluating and examining alternatives criteria, the state of São Paulo\'s press has been dealing much more with the controversies and political conflict aspects of the subject

Frames são dispositivos cognitivos que organizam os sentidos da vida cotidiana. Enquadrar um risco ambiental é fazer mais saliente algumas de suas possibilidades, promovendo uma ou outra interpretação. A dissertação examina como a pauta dos transgênicos foi enquadrada pelos portais Estadão Digital <estadao.com.br> e Folha de S. Paulo <folha.uol.com.br> no período de 1998 a 2015. Para tanto, mediante a análise dos elementos textuais dos artigos (metáforas, escolhas de palavras e argumentos), 1.396 notícias foram classificadas em um dos seguintes frames de notícia: progresso, prospecto econômico, ética, caixa de Pandora, descontrole, natureza, responsabilidade pública e globalização. Os achados revelam que o frame predominante foi \"responsabilidade pública\", especialmente durante o biênio 2003/04 que antecedeu a sanção da \"Lei da Biossegurança\" em 2005. Mas antes de comunicar informações plurais, equilibradas, relacionando antecedentes e pressupostos, avaliando implicações e examinando alternativas e critérios de comparação, a mídia paulista tratou muito mais dos aspectos associados às polêmicas e conflitos políticos nacionais / Frames are cognitive devices that organize the meanings of everyday life. To frame a certain risk is to do more prominent some of its possibilities, promoting one or another interpretation. The research examines how the agenda of transgenic organisms has been framed by the Brazilian online newspapers Estadão Digital <estadao.com.br> and Folha de S. Paulo <folha.uol.com.br> from 1998 to 2015. To do so, an analysis of the internal textual elements (metaphors, selection of words and arguments) presented in the articles was done, resulting in 1.396 classified news according to one of the following news frames: progress, economic prospect, ethics, Pandora\'s box, runaway technology, nature/nurture, public accountability and globalization. The findings suggest that \"public accountability\" was the most frequently frame, especially during the years 2003/04, which preceded the sanction of the \"Biosafety Law\", in March 2005. Thus, despite communicating plural and balanced information, relating antecedent and assumptions, evaluating and examining alternatives criteria, the state of São Paulo\'s press has been dealing much more with the controversies and political conflict aspects of the subject

A frame is a possibly linearly dependent set of vectors in a Hilbert space that facilitates the decomposition and reconstruction of vectors. A Parseval frame is a frame that acts as its own dual frame. A Gabor frame comprises all translations and phase modulations of an appropriate window function. We show that the space of all frames on a Hilbert space indexed by a common measure space can be fibrated into orbits under the action of invertible linear deformations and that any maximal set of unitarily inequivalent Parseval frames is a complete set of representatives of the orbits. We show that all such frames are connected by transformations that are linear in the larger Hilbert space of square-integrable functions on the indexing space. We apply our results to frames on finite-dimensional Hilbert spaces and to the discretization of the Gabor frame with a band-limited window function.

For managing a city, the role of city marketing becomes more and more important. Modern cities are all hoping through every event to satisfy city residents or marketing the city externally. Therefore increase the approval rating of residents or create the image to boost the tourism or attract investors. City marketing also involved self-identification and uniqueness. Therefore, marketing framework directly impact the identification and perspectives both internally and externally. This research tracked marketing tactics of The World Games in Kaohsiung after the Mayor Chen Chu was elected. This paper also discussed the marketing framework and the reasons behind that, so the future city managers can use it as reference. The research questions as follows: 1. What framework was used in marketing the World Games in Kaohsiung? 2. Is frame alignment used? This research is based on Frame Theory as the core research structure, through newspaper reports analysis data, and concludes the framework that was used by The World Games in Kaohsiung. Also combined the in-depth interviews with the officials who are responsible for marketing The World Games. Understanding the framework and the planning that was used by the organizer to market the World Games, in order to conduct the research of this topic. The result show, the World Games in Kaohsiung existed two main frameworks including the World Games and the elected official politics needs . Under these two main frameworks also have several sub-frameworks, along with diversity tolerance values and people¡¦s affairs, which are two mixed frameworks. Between each framework have certain degree of coalition. The base of mobilization therefore extended through the framework coalition. The organizer successfully marketing the city through the World Games, also help the residents identified themselves with the city and presents the uniqueness of the city. It is also a successful politics public relations and push Mayor Chen Chun to another high point to her career. She later won the 2010 mayor election by a landslide victory, taking over 50% (52.8%) of the votes.

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Inledning: De psykoterapeutiska ramarna, samt brott mot dessa ramar, är av central betydelse för psykodynamiska terapeuter. Syftet: med denna studie var att undersöka psykoterapeuters rambegrepp, dess mening, samt deras upplevelser av egna rambrott. Frågeställningar: Frågeställningarna var vilken ramen och dess mening var, samt hur psykoterapeuterna upplevde sina egna rambrott. Metod: I studien användes kvalitativ metod och fem psykodynamiska terapeuter intervjuades. Data analyserades med tematisk analys. Resultat: Resultatet visade att deltagarnas rambegrepp skiljde sig åt. Skillnaderna härleddes dels från olika teoribildningar för psykoterapi, dels efter egna ställningstaganden. Vidare tillämpades något olika ramar för olika patienter.  Även psykoterapeuternas upplevelser av egna i studien redovisade rambrott uppvisade olikheter så som oro, skam, känsla av misslyckande och tillfredsställelse. Diskussion: Ramar samt avsteg från dessa intog en komplex roll i terapeuternas arbete. Ramar utformades av terapeuterna själva på grundval av terapeutisk inriktning. Brott mot dem kunde ske planerat eller spontant, orsakade sammansatta känsloreaktioner och kunde ge ett bättre eller sämre utfall för patienten. / Introduction: The psychotherapeutic frames, and breaking these frames, is of central significance to psychodynamic therapists. The purpose of this study was to investigate the psychotherapist's concepts of frames, and experiences of personal frame breaks. Problem statement: The questions explored were which the frame and its meaning were, and how the psychotherapists experienced their own frame breaks. Methods: In the study, a qualitative method was used, and five psychodynamic therapists were interviewed. The material was analyzed by thematic analysis. Results: The results showed, that the concepts of frame were differing. The differences were derived partly from different theories of psychotherapy, partly from personal standpoints. Moreover, somewhat differing frames were used for different patients. The psychotherapists' experiences of their own frame breaks also showed differences, such as anxiety, shame, feelings of failure and satisfaction. Discussion: Frames and departures from them take a complex role in the therapists work. Frames are formed by the therapists themselves with their psychotherapeutic orientation as a cornerstone. Breaks to the frames can take place in a planned or unplanned way, cause compounded reactions of feelings and can bring better or worse result for the patient.

Situation Awareness (SA) is the aviation term for the construct describing how actors extract meaning and make sense of their dynamically changing environment. Within the aviation domain, it is broadly acknowledged that SA plays a crucial role for pilots in coping with hazardous situations and its loss is cited as a significant factor in aircraft accidents and incidents. A broad range of psychologically based theories has been applied to conceptualise SA. The aim of this research thesis is to develop an alternative, sociologically based approach, largely drawn from Erving Goffman??s (1974) Frame Analysis, and assess whether it can be used to effectively describe, analyse and discuss SA. An open observation method was used to collect data in the flight deck during ten commercial international flight sectors conducted in an advanced wide-body aircraft. A running narrative of flight activity and associated context was recorded from a purposeful sample of flights operated by consenting flight crews. Data was managed in the NVIVO?? qualitative software analysis program. Strips of activity associated with the establishment or maintenance of SA were identified and examined in accordance with key concepts derived from frame analysis. The results show that key concepts drawn from Goffman??s (1974) frame analysis are able to be applied to the coding and discussion of data. Several emergent themes describe distinct SA behaviours relating to frame establishment and maintenance. These behaviours include; frame confirming, questioning, seeking, setting, proposing, clearing, accepting, reviewing and anticipating. Some unique modifications are made to Goffman??s underlying concepts in order to address specific contextual issues emergent in flight deck operations. SA is supported as a meaningful construct in the aviation domain. This thesis establishes that Goffman??s (1974) general theory of frame analysis supports the major underlying concepts of the specific SA construct. Additionally, a method derived from frame analysis is used to examine and analyse the observed intersubjective SA processes. This analysis also develops several unique perspectives concerning flight crew task performance that have wide ranging implications in procedural design, training and airspace integration. Lastly, practitioner based notions of SA are shown to be equivalent to that of ??frame.??

Situation Awareness (SA) is the aviation term for the construct describing how actors extract meaning and make sense of their dynamically changing environment. Within the aviation domain, it is broadly acknowledged that SA plays a crucial role for pilots in coping with hazardous situations and its loss is cited as a significant factor in aircraft accidents and incidents. A broad range of psychologically based theories has been applied to conceptualise SA. The aim of this research thesis is to develop an alternative, sociologically based approach, largely drawn from Erving Goffman??s (1974) Frame Analysis, and assess whether it can be used to effectively describe, analyse and discuss SA. An open observation method was used to collect data in the flight deck during ten commercial international flight sectors conducted in an advanced wide-body aircraft. A running narrative of flight activity and associated context was recorded from a purposeful sample of flights operated by consenting flight crews. Data was managed in the NVIVO?? qualitative software analysis program. Strips of activity associated with the establishment or maintenance of SA were identified and examined in accordance with key concepts derived from frame analysis. The results show that key concepts drawn from Goffman??s (1974) frame analysis are able to be applied to the coding and discussion of data. Several emergent themes describe distinct SA behaviours relating to frame establishment and maintenance. These behaviours include; frame confirming, questioning, seeking, setting, proposing, clearing, accepting, reviewing and anticipating. Some unique modifications are made to Goffman??s underlying concepts in order to address specific contextual issues emergent in flight deck operations. SA is supported as a meaningful construct in the aviation domain. This thesis establishes that Goffman??s (1974) general theory of frame analysis supports the major underlying concepts of the specific SA construct. Additionally, a method derived from frame analysis is used to examine and analyse the observed intersubjective SA processes. This analysis also develops several unique perspectives concerning flight crew task performance that have wide ranging implications in procedural design, training and airspace integration. Lastly, practitioner based notions of SA are shown to be equivalent to that of ??frame.??

It was not thought that there would be some major flaws in the design of widely used steel moment frames until the Northridge Earthquake hit the California on January 17, 1994. Until then, steel moment frames were practiced as the most ductile system and were used in buildings from few stories to skyscrapers. The heavy devastation from Northridge Earthquake was an alarm for all the people related to the design and construction of such structures and pushed everybody to act fast to find some possible solutions to such never-expected-problems. Following the earthquake, FEMA entered into a cooperative agreement with the SAC joint venture in order to get a transparent picture of the problems in the seismic performance of steel moment frames and to come up with suitable recommendations. The research was specifically done to address the following things: to inspect the earthquake-affected buildings in order to determine the damage incurred in the buildings, to find out ways to repair the damaged buildings and upgrade the performance of existing buildings, and to modify the design of new buildings in order to make them more reliable for seismic performance. Among the various new design suggestions, the Reduced Beam Section (RBS) connection has been one of the most efficient and reliable option for high ductility demands. The purpose of this research was to study the behavior of concrete slabs in the performance of steel moment frames with reduced beam sections based on ductility, strength and stiffness. The slab is an integral part of a building. It is always wiser to consider the slab in order to assess accurately the seismic behavior of a building under the earthquake loading. In this research, two sets of finite element models were analyzed. Each set had one bare steel moment frame and one concrete slab frame which acted as a composite section. The connections were designed using the AISC Seismic Design manual (AISC 2012). The finite element modeling was done using NISA DISPLAY-IV (NISA 2010). All the models, with and without the slab were analyzed under the same boundary conditions and loads. Both non-linear and linear analyses were performed. The results from non-linear analysis were used to compare the ductility and strength whereas linear analysis results were used to compare the stiffness between bare steel and composite frame models.

The overall purpose of the project is to develop a prototype for a web application that will be able to display office landscapes in VR. The prototype will convey a sense of how the web application will look and feel. The focus will be on the VR experience and the purpose of it is to see what the limitations and benefits are with that technology. VR contains 3D graphics and all browser engines are currently collaborating to create WebGL, which is the standard for creating 3D graphics on the web. WebGL is based on OpenGL, which is one of the largest 3D graphics APIs for desktop applications. A comparison of these techniques will be performed in order to show how much functionality the web is missing compared to desktop applications, regarding 3D development. The goal will be to develop a website that contains an embedded VR experience and then perform user tests on it, to find shortcomings in the implementation. Another goal is to produce a quantitative content analysis that compares WebGL and OpenGL to see which functionality WebGL lacks. To succeed, the framework A-frame has been used, which is used to create VR experience in the browser and has been selected because it is open source and has a simple HTML syntax. The prototype was successfully produced, and the user tests show several shortcomings that were later fixed. The quantitative content analysis shows that WebGL lacks 74% of all functionality that OpenGL has and therefore 3D in the browser has long way to go to reach the same quality as for desktop applications. The conclusion is that A-frame is a nice framework with great potential but has shortcomings since HTML is not an object-oriented programing language. / Projektets övergripande syfte är att utveckla en prototyp, till en webbapplikation som ska kunna visa kontorslandskap i VR. Prototypen ska förmedla en känsla för hur webbapplikationen kan se ut och fungera. Fokus kommer ligga på VR-upplevelsen och syftet med det är att se vad det finns för begränsningar och fördelar med den teknologin. VR innehåller 3D-grafik och alla webbläsarmotorer samarbetar i dagsläget för att skapa WebGL, som är standarden för att skapa 3D-grafik på webben. Det API: et är i sin tur baserat på OpenGL som är en av de största 3D-grafik API: er för skrivbordsapplikationer. En jämförelse mellan dessa tekniker kommer utföras i syfte om att se hur mycket 3D på webben saknar jämfört med 3D för skrivbordsapplikationer. Målet kommer vara att utveckla en hemsida som innehåller en inbäddad VR upplevelse och därefter utföra användartester på det för att hitta brister i implementationen. Ett till mål är att ta fram en kvantitativ innehållsanalys som jämför WebGL och OpenGL för att se vilken funktionalitet WebGL saknar. För att lyckas med detta har ramverket A-frame använts, som är till för att skapa VR-upplevelse i webbläsaren och har valts på grund utav att det är open source och har en simpel HTML-syntax. Prototypen togs fram med lyckat resultat och användartesterna visar på ett antal brister som senare åtgärdades. Den kvantitativa innehållsanalysen visar att WebGL saknar 74% av all funktionalitet som OpenGL har och 3D i webbläsaren har en bit kvar att gå. Slutsatsen är att A-frame är ett trevligt ramverk med stor potential men har brister då HTML inte är ett objektorienterat språk