Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Alberta (Canada), 2001. / Adviser: W.D. Grover. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2007. / Title from first page of PDF file. Includes bibliographical references (p. 219-232).

Two-dimensional information on the kinematics and spatial distribution of gas in spiral galaxies is encoded in radio observations of their one-dimensional 21-cm neutral hydrogen (HI) line profiles. More than ten thousand HI profiles have been published and are publicly available. In order to explore the parameter space mapped out by the 21-cm neutral hydrogen line pro file, we have modified and run a FORTRAN-based computer simulation code. We have identified 7 control parameters that define the morphology of the modelled galaxy: they describe the neutral hydrogen gas distribution (density and spatial location of the gas), characteristics of its rotation curve, warps, asymmetries, and finally, the viewing angle. All except the last of these parameters tell us significant physical information about the galaxy but a determination of them is not immediately apparent from the two-dimensional 21-cm line profile. Hence, the goal of this exploration is to find meaningful correlations between the observed 21-cm line profile features and the underlying physical parameters.

Here we offer an introduction to the adele ring over the field of rational numbers Q and highlight some of its beautiful algebraic and topological structure. We then apply this rich structure to revisit some ancient results of number theory and place them within this modern context as well as make some new observations. We conclude by indicating how this theory enables us to extend the basic arithmetic of Q to the more subtle, complicated, and interesting setting of an arbitrary number field.

Vibrio tapetis est une bactérie pathogène responsable de la Maladie de l'Anneau Brun(MAB) chez la palourde japonaise Ruditapes philippinarum. Cette vibriose est induite par l'adhésion du pathogène à la lame périostracale provoquant ainsi une décalcification de la coquille du bivalve. Nous nous sommes intéressés à un aspect de la pathogénicité de V tapetis encore jamais exploré jusqu'à présent : la formation de biofilm. Chez de nombreuses espèces bactériennes, la pathogénicité est étroitement liée à ce comportement microbien particulier qu'est le biofilm. Au cours de cette étude, nous avons ainsi caractérisé pour la première fois le biofilm de la souche V tapetis CECT4600. La composition de la matrice du biofilm a également été examinée. Différents types de microscopies ont été utilisés pour observer le biofilm de V tapetis, nous permettant de mettre en évidence à la surface du biofilm la présence de composants sphériques de nature inconnue. Ces composants ont été retrouvés dans les biofilms de différentes souches de V tapetis et une analyse ultra-structurelle indique qu'il pourrait y avoir un lien physique entre ces composants et les bactéries. Ces composants particuliers du biofilm de V tapetis présentent une taille et un aspect de surface différents de ceux de la bactérie et semblent également contenir de l'ADN et des protéines. L'étude de l'effet de paramètres ayant un effet sur la prévalence de MAB a été réalisée et a permis notamment de mettre en évidence la capacité de V tapetis à persister et à développer des biofilms dans ces conditions jugées défavorables à l'établissement de la maladie. L'étude expérimentale de gènes potentiellement impliqués dans des fonctions liées à la formation de biofilm a été menée par la construction d'un mutant de V tapetis. La délétion d'un gène du quorum sensing (cqsA) a été réalisée et la formation de biofilm par ce mutant a également été examinée, révélant un effet exacerbé sur le biovolume du biofilm à 24h de culture. Enfin, l'activité anti- biofilm du surnageant de culture d'une bactérie marine, Pseudoalteromonas sp. 3J6, sur le biofilm de V tapetis a été testée, révélant une inhibition de l'adhésion bactérienne et de la formation du biofilm. Le traitement d'un biofilm préformé par ce surnageant s'est révélé également très efficace, manifestant ainsi le potentiel de cette bactérie et son surnageant pour la lutte « anti-Vibrio » en aquaculture. / Vibrio tapetis is a pathogenic bacterium causing the Brown Ring Disease (BRD) in Manilaclam Ruditapes philippinarum. This vibriosis is induced by bacterial adhesion on the periostracal lamina, yielding a decalcification of bivalve shell. We focused on one aspect of V tapetis pathogenicity never explored so far: biofilm formation. As in many bacterial species, pathogenesis is likely related to this microbial behavior that is the biofilm. In this study, V tapetis biofilm was characterized for the first time. The composition of the biofilm matrix was also examined. Different microcopy techniques were used to observe V tapetis biofilm, allowing us to highlight at the top of the biofilm the presence of spherical components. These peculiar components were found in biofilms of different V tapetis strains and an ultra- structure analysis indicates that there may be a physical link between these components and bacterial cells. The spherical components of V tapetis biofilm display a size and a different surface aspect than bacteria ones. Moreover, they seem to contain DNA and proteins. We also examined the effect of parameters that affect BRD prevalence and we highlighted the ability of V tapetis to persist and form biofilms in these unfavorable conditions for the disease development. Experimental study of genes potentially involved in functions related to biofilm formation was carried out by construction of a V tapetis mutant. The deletion of a quorum sensing gene (cqsA) was performed and subsequent biofilm formation was examined, revealing an exacerbated effect on the biovolume of a 24h biofilm. Finally, the antibiofilm activity of the culture supernatant of a marine bacterium, Pseudoalteromonas sp. 3}6, against V tapetis biofilm was tested, revealing the inhibition of bacterial attachment and biofilm formation. Treatment of a preformed biofilm by this supernatant also very efficient, highlighting the potential of this bacterium and its supernatant in the "anti-Vibrio" fight inaquaculture.

This study is based on the presumption that more than one type of Spirituality prevails amongst members of the Dutch Reformed Church in the Circuit of Paarl. From conversations with colleagues, theological articles and books, own experience of services as liturgist and Myers and Briggs personality profiles, it is evident that there is a confusion regarding the identification and management of the various types of Spirituality. In the Paarl Valley, deep rooted in the Afrikaans Culture and Tradition , as in my own congregation the Dutch Reformed Church Suider-Paarl at the foot of the Afrikaaans Language Monument, there is a search for and a need of a responsible rejuvenation regarding church services. The surrounding contexts and influences can never be removed from certain spiritual types of which members have a deep need. My friends, family and congregation members who were devoted members of the Dutch Reformed Church, have either left the church completely or found a home with other denominations with other types of Spirituality. As a young minister I find it disturbing that large numbers of my age group of 20-35 years have left the Dutch Reformed Church. Since 1996 the Paarl Circuit has lost 4000 members, notwithstanding the fact that the Paarl is regarded as a demographic point of growth in the Western Cape. In surrounding renascence congregations outside the reformed creed, the services are filled with members who were raised within the reformed creed. Post-modern man apparently does not pay attention to theological differences between churches, but preferably respond to any congregation with a certain type of approach and Spirituality. If this is the case, it bodes no well for the Dutch Reformed Church. It will inevitably lead to the impoverishment of services and religious communication. It could also lead to the partial disfunctioning of the services and the homily. Be it true that only one type of spirituality is provided for, with occasional variations, one wonders what the reason is for this. Why do Dutch Reformed ministers cling to a specific Spirituality? Is it because they are satisfied with the content of the "Message", but the atmosphere of Spirituality that exists during the service doesn't matter much? Does it perhaps demand too much work and preparation? It is obvious that a problem exists that must be taken into account. The crux of the research can be summarized as follows: <ul> <li>--- There is a supposition that a problem exists regarding the Spirituality types prevalent in the Dutch Reformed Church, especially in the Paarl Circuit and the personal preference of the members for a specific Spirituality. (Chapter 1)</li> <li>--- A basic theory concerning Spirituality types must be formulated. (Chapter 2)</li> <li>--- The Spirituality types in the Paarl Circuit must be empirically researched. (Chapter 3)</li> <li>--- An adjusted practice theory must be proposed which can lead to an adjusted ministry practice. (Chapter 4)</li> </ul> From the above discussion it is clear that the point of departure in this changed context of the essence of ecclesiasticism, but more specifically the divine service, is confronted by a new challenge. Members are in search of a more effective communication of the Gospel in the context in which the church finds itself today, but, more specifically so, as it appears in the context of the Paarl Circuit. Copyright 2004, University of Pretoria. All rights reserved. The copyright in this work vests in the University of Pretoria. No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, without the prior written permission of the University of Pretoria. Please cite as follows: Barnard, PH 2004, 'n Praktiese teologiese ondersoek na spiritualiteitstipes in eredienste in die Ring van die Paarl(Afrikaans), MA(Theol) dissertation, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, viewed yymmdd < http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-06072005-073940 / > / Dissertation (MA (Theology))--University of Pretoria, 2006. / Practical Theology / unrestricted

A new equivalent circuit of left-handed (LH) microstrip transmission line loaded with Complementary split-ring resonators (CSRRs) is presented. By adding the magnetic coupling into the equivalent circuit, the new equivalent circuit presents a more accurate cutoff frequency than the old one. The group delay of CSRRs applied with microstrip transmission line (TL) is also studied and analyzed into two cases which are passive CSRRs delay line and active CSRRs delay line. In the first case, the CSRRs TL is analyzed. The group delay can be varied and controlled via signal frequency which does not happen in a normal TL. In the active CSRRs delay line, the CSRRs loaded with TL is fixed. The diodes are added to the model between the strip and CSRRs. By observing a specific frequency at 2.03GHz after bias DC voltages from -10V to -20V, the group delay can be moved from 0.6ns to 5.6ns. A novel microstrip filter is presented by embedding CSRRs on the ground plane of microstrip filter. The filter characteristic is changed from a 300MHz narrowband to a 1GHz wideband as well as suppression the occurrence of previous higher spurious frequency at 3.9GHz. Moreover, a high rejection in the lower band and a low insertion loss of <1dB are achieved.Finally, it is shown that CSRRs applied with planar antenna can reduce the antenna size. The structure is formed by etching CSRRs on the ground side of the patch antenna. The meander line part is also added on the antenna patch to tune the operation frequency from 1.8GHz downward to 1.73GHz which can reduce the antenna size to 74% of conventional patch antennas. By using the previous antenna structure without meander line, this proposed antenna can be tuned for selecting the operation frequency, by embedding a diode connected the position between patch and ground. The results provide 350MHz tuning range with 35MHz bandwidth.

Prague ring road is one of the most important constructions of Prague and Central Bohemia. When completed, it will become one of routes with the heaviest traffic in the Czech Republic. In my thesis I deal with the past, present and future of Prague ring road. I have mentioned its individual parts as well as its links to urban circuit. The main focus is on the most problematic part of the circuit, namely the northwestern segment.

Construction of chiral complex molecules continues to be a challenge for organic chemists all over the world and to address this challenge numerous methodologies have been developed. 1,3-Dipolar cycloaddition reactions is one such simple and elegant method, which can be employed towards the construction of chiral heterocycles. The ability to construct multiple stereocenters in one operation is one of the salient features of dipolar cycloaddition reaction. Asymmetric dipolar cycloaddition via chiral Lewis or Bronsted acid catalyzed processes is aided by the development of various templates, which provide points of attachment for these catalyst. Application of acyl imidazoles as multifunctional templates has been investigated for Lewis and Bronsted acid catalyzed 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of azomethine imines and nitrones. Chapter 1. A review of 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition towards to construction of chiral nitrogen containing heterocycles is discussed in this chapter. This chapter intends to provide the reader a current state of asymmetric 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition. Chapter 2. Development of exo and enantioselective Cu(II) catalyzed azomethine imine cycloaddition to pyrazolidinone acrylates is discussed in this chapter. The key issues approached in this chapter includes impact of metal geometry on diastereoselectivity as well as effect of N-l and C-5 substitution on enantioselectivity of cycloadducts. Investigation into the scope and limitation of azomethine imines and dipolarophiles has also been discussed. Chapter 3. This chapter introduces acyl imidazoles as multifunctional template for asymmetric azomethine imine cycloaddition. Limitation of substrate scope for azomethine imine cycloaddition encountered in the previous chapter has been resolved by the use of acyl imidazoles as templates. Synthesis of complementary diastereomers of azomethine imine cycloadducts via Lewis acid and Bronsted acid catalyzed reactions has been discussed in this chapter. Chapter 4. This chapter highlights the application of acyl imidazoles as template for first Bronsted acid catalyzed exo and enantioselective nitrone cycloaddition to electron deficient olefins. Study of appropriate chiral Bronsted acid and investigation of breadth and scope of nitrones and dipolarophiles has also been discussed here. Chapter 5. This chapter address one of the most challenging aspect of synthetic organic chemistry namely the construction of chiral quaternary stereocenters. This study highlights chiral Bronsted catalyzed nitrone cycloaddition to p,|3-disubstituted-a,P-unsaturated acyl imidazole leading to the formation of isoxazolidines with chiral quaternary stereocenter. This methodology is useful for the construction of chiral fluorinated heterocycles.

ABSTRACT A Study on the Violent Interactions of an Immiscible Drop Impacting on a Superheated Pool Mohamad Alchalabi The interactions between two immiscible liquids of different temperatures can be violent to the extent of causing harm to individuals, or damage to equipment, especially when used in the industry. Only a few studies investigated these interactions but they could not produce the violent interactions often reported by the industry, and therefore their results did not help much to develop clear understanding of the dynamics of these interactions. In this work, a high speed imaging system operated at 100,000 frames per second was utilized to record the events and phenomena taking place upon the impact of Perfluorohexane droplet at room temperature onto a hot soybean oil pool at temperatures as high as 300 ºC. The impact velocity was varied by varying the height of the droplet before it pinches off under its own weight. The recorded events identified the occurrence of vortex ring vapor explosions, weak and strong nucleate boiling, and film boiling. An impact velocity vs. oil temperature diagram identifying the regions in which each of these phenomena takes place was generated, and the dynamics driving their occurrences were explored. The vortex ring vapor explosions were found to become less violent as the impact velocity was increased, which was attributed to the existence of a smaller amount of liquid Perfluorohexane within the rings at high speed impacts, which does evaporate but does not expand violently. Weak nucleate boiling occurred at very high impact velocities relatively. As the temperature is increased, however, they start 5 turning into strong nucleate boiling. The strong nucleate boiling usually starts right upon impact, and when the temperature of the oil at one impact velocity is increased, it starts turning into film boiling, in which the liquid Perfluorohexane is covered by a vapor layer of its own vapor.