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L'humour dans Deaf Sentence et La vie en sourdineAudet, Michel 10 February 2024 (has links)
Dans le monde de la traduction littéraire, l'humour est réputé soulever des difficultés particulières et les travaux sur sa traduction portent le plus souvent sur des jeux de mots, des plaisanteries ou des textes courts. Rares sont ceux dont l'objet est la traduction de l'humour dans un texte long, comme un roman. L'objet de cette recherche est l'humour dans le roman de David Lodge intitulé Deaf Sentence et dans sa version française, La vie en sourdine, réalisée par Maurice et Yvonne Couturier. La thèse compte cinq chapitres. Le chapitre 1 est consacré à une revue de travaux sur l'humour raconté, puis lexicalisé et ensuite étudié. Dans le chapitre 2, j'expose les cadres conceptuel et opératoire qui balisent l'étude de cas et dans le chapitre 3 je présente David Lodge, le roman étudié et le couple Couturier qui a créé la version française. Le chapitre 4 est consacré aux passages du texte de départ auxquels j'ai attribué des effets humoristiques, ou qui contribuent à ces effets, et le chapitre 5 au texte d'arrivée, à ses similitudes et à ses différences avec le texte de départ ainsi qu'au sort que connaissent dans le texte d'arrivée les analogues des passages du texte de départ auxquels j'ai attribué des effets humoristiques, ou qui y contribuent. Suivent la médiagraphie et les annexes. / In literary translation, humour is known to raise numerous difficulties and the scholars interested in its translation most often study puns, jokes, and short texts, leaving aside the translation of humour in long texts, such as novels. The object of this study is humour in David Lodge's novel, Deaf Sentence, and in its French version, La vie en sourdine, translated by Maurice and Yvonne Couturier. The thesis has five chapters. Chapter 1 is devoted to humour narrated, lexicalised and studied. In chapter 2, I lay out the conceptual and operational frameworks of the case study and in chapter 3 I introduce David Lodge, the novel under study and the Couturier couple who created the French version. Chapter 4 focuses on the passages in the source text to which I attributed humorous effects, or which contribute to them, and Chapter 5 is dedicated to the target text, its similarities and differences with the source text and the fate of the passages to which I attributed humorous effects, or which contributed to it, in the source text. Mediagraphy and appendices follow.
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Essai d'une théorie générale des aménagements de peine / Towards a general theory of sentence adjustmentsCarpentier, Yan 02 December 2016 (has links)
Les aménagements de peine sont devenus le fer de lance d’une politique pénale de lutte contre la récidivefondée sur l’insertion ou la réinsertion des condamnés. Le nombre de mesures qualifiées comme desaménagements de peine n’a jamais cessé de croître au fil du XXe siècle. Pourtant, au fur et à mesure ques’amoncelaient les réformes éparses, aucune réflexion d’ensemble relative aux aménagements de peine n’a eu lieu.Ainsi, la notion d’aménagement de peine n’a jamais été construite alors que la France est sûrement le payseuropéen qui recourt le plus à ces mesures. La France apparaît alors comme le pays le plus fertile en matièred’aménagement de peine avec une variété de mécanismes importante. Cette variété rend nécessaire une théoriegénérale des aménagements de peine dans la mesure où le sens technique de cette notion demeure obscur.Une théorie générale semble le moyen le plus sûr pour tenter de déceler une cohérence parmi les diversesmesures. En ce sens, il ne peut y avoir de théorie générale s’il est impossible d’identifier abstraitement ce qu’estune mesure d’aménagement de peine. En effet, le désordre normatif a effacé les frontières entre les modalitésd’exécution de la peine, les aménagements de peine et les mesures de sûreté. Aussi, le cadre d’une théorie généralepermet de construire la notion même d’aménagement de peine. En outre, la construction d’une notion unitaire doitpermettre d’apprécier la technique unitaire de ces mesures. Ce faisant, la théorie générale restaure une certainelisibilité du droit et met en lumière toute la cohérence d’un système tendant à responsabiliser le condamné. / Sentence adjustment spearheads a new criminal policy of fight against recidivism based on integration orrehabilitation of convicted people. The number of measures qualified as sentence adjustment increased throughoutthe XXe century. However, as scattered reforms kept accumulating, no overall study regarding sentence adjustmenthas taken place. As a result, even though France is surely the European country that uses them the most, the conceptof sentence adjustment has never been constructed. France indeed seems to be the most fertile country regardingsentence adjustment, creating many different mechanisms. Since the technical sense of the notion of sentenceadjustment remains blurry, a general theory of sentence adjustment is necessary.A general theory seems to be the surest way to try to find a coherence among those various measures. Butthere cannot be a general theory if it is not possible to identify abstractly what is a sentence adjustment. Nowadaysthe normative disorder blurred the lines between enforcement of a sentence, sentence adjustment and preventivedetention. Therefore, a general theory would help build the concept of sentence adjustment itself. Besides, theconstruction of a concept would make it easier to assess the one technique behind all those mechanisms. By doingso, the general theory of sentence adjustment would restore some clarity to the law and give all of its consistencyto a system tending to give a sense of responsibility to the convicted.
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Aspectos relevantes das circunstâncias judiciais na individualização da penaPiedade, Antonio Sergio Cordeiro 15 April 2009 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2009-04-15 / The current work aims to analyze the circumstances
described in Article 59 of the Brazilian Criminal Code, checking its reach and
extension in the individualization of the sentence.
A historical evolution of the individualization of the
sentence in Brazil will b made and it will be analyzed according to the
legislative, judicial and executive plan, as well as its co-relation with other
constitutional principles of the criminal law, taking the human dignity into
account because this work concerns a closed legal system.
If Article 59 of the Criminal Code is understood and handled
in a proper way, it is considered a judicial security rule of the system and
provides concretion and makes it feasible to apply the sentence individualization.
The judge, however, must take all judicial circumstances into account when
defining the sentence in order to fit them in the case, making his decision clear,
giving a fair sanction which guarantees the citizen s rights and helps to prevent
society from crime / O presente trabalho tem por objetivo fazer uma análise das
circunstâncias judiciais descritas no artigo 59 do Código Penal Brasileiro,
averiguando o alcance e a extensão que o dispositivo possui dentro do processo
de individualização da pena.
Faremos a evolução histórica da individualização da pena no
Brasil, a analisaremos nos planos legislativo, judicial e executório, bem como sua
correlação com os demais princípios constitucionais do direito penal, partindo do
princípio da dignidade da pessoa humana, pois trabalharemos com a idéia de um
sistema jurídico fechado.
Compreendido e manejado de forma adequada, o artigo 59
do Código Penal é uma regra de segurança jurídica do sistema, a qual dá
concretude e viabiliza a aplicação do princípio da individualização da pena. Ao
impor a reprimenda o julgador deve, portanto, levar em conta, na fixação da
pena-base, todas as circunstâncias judiciais, a fim de adequá-las ao caso
concreto, motivando sua decisão de forma clara, aplicando uma sanção justa e
proporcional, que assegure os direitos do cidadão, bem como acautele a
sociedade, ante a criminalidade
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The Role of the Victim in the South African System of Plea and Sentence Agreements: A Critique of Section 105A of the Criminal Procedure Act.Rodgers, Megan Bronwynne. January 2009 (has links)
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<![endif]--><span style="font-size: 12pt / line-height: 115% / font-family: " / Times New Roman" / ," / serif" / ">Crime victims once played a prominent role in the criminal justice system. Historically, victims who sought to bring their wrongdoers to justice conducted </span>
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<meta name="Originator" content="Microsoft Word 12"><span style="font-size: 12pt / line-height: 115% / font-family: " / Times New Roman" / ," / serif" / ">their own investigations<span style=""> </span>and argued their own cases or employed others to do so. As time passed,<span style="">  / </span>a distinction was drawn between offences against the social order and disputes between individuals. Crime control became a function of government and the state increased its responsibility for the investigation and punishment of criminal conduct. Gradually, the victim was removed from the proceedings and relegated to serving as a witness for the state. The assumption was that the state, whilst representing the interests </span>
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<meta name="Originator" content="Microsoft Word 12"><span style="font-size: 12pt / line-height: 115% / font-family: " / Times New Roman" / ," / serif" / ">of society, would represent the interests</span>
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<meta name="Originator" content="Microsoft Word 12"><span style="font-size: 12pt / line-height: 115% / font-family: " / Times New Roman" / ," / serif" / "> of the victim also. This fallacy provided the foundation for a criminal justice which, until recently, encourage victim exclusion. In recent years, there has been a clear trend towards re-introducing the right of victims to participate in the criminal justice process. This international trend has been labelled the &bdquo / return of the victimâ. In South Africa, the Constitution and, in particular, the Bill of Rights contained therein underscore the move towards procedural rights for victims of crime. Moreover, the South African government has taken significant legislative steps to ensure that victims have formal rights in criminal justice proceedings. However, to date, comparatively little attention has been paid to the question of whether or not victims should be allowed a meaningful role in the process of plea and sentence negotiations. One of the aims of this study is to determine whether victimsâ rights are properly understood, defined and implemented within the criminal justice system. In particular, this study aims to clarify the rights of victims who find themselves affiliated with a specific stage of criminal prosecution, namely, negotiated justice.<span style="">  / </span><span style="">  / </span><span style="">  / </span><span style="">  / </span></span> </meta>
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The Role of the Victim in the South African System of Plea and Sentence Agreements: A Critique of Section 105A of the Criminal Procedure Act.Rodgers, Megan Bronwynne. January 2009 (has links)
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<![endif]--><span style="font-size: 12pt / line-height: 115% / font-family: " / Times New Roman" / ," / serif" / ">Crime victims once played a prominent role in the criminal justice system. Historically, victims who sought to bring their wrongdoers to justice conducted </span>
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<meta name="Originator" content="Microsoft Word 12"><span style="font-size: 12pt / line-height: 115% / font-family: " / Times New Roman" / ," / serif" / ">their own investigations<span style=""> </span>and argued their own cases or employed others to do so. As time passed,<span style="">  / </span>a distinction was drawn between offences against the social order and disputes between individuals. Crime control became a function of government and the state increased its responsibility for the investigation and punishment of criminal conduct. Gradually, the victim was removed from the proceedings and relegated to serving as a witness for the state. The assumption was that the state, whilst representing the interests </span>
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<meta name="Originator" content="Microsoft Word 12"><span style="font-size: 12pt / line-height: 115% / font-family: " / Times New Roman" / ," / serif" / ">of society, would represent the interests</span>
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<meta name="Originator" content="Microsoft Word 12"><span style="font-size: 12pt / line-height: 115% / font-family: " / Times New Roman" / ," / serif" / "> of the victim also. This fallacy provided the foundation for a criminal justice which, until recently, encourage victim exclusion. In recent years, there has been a clear trend towards re-introducing the right of victims to participate in the criminal justice process. This international trend has been labelled the &bdquo / return of the victimâ. In South Africa, the Constitution and, in particular, the Bill of Rights contained therein underscore the move towards procedural rights for victims of crime. Moreover, the South African government has taken significant legislative steps to ensure that victims have formal rights in criminal justice proceedings. However, to date, comparatively little attention has been paid to the question of whether or not victims should be allowed a meaningful role in the process of plea and sentence negotiations. One of the aims of this study is to determine whether victimsâ rights are properly understood, defined and implemented within the criminal justice system. In particular, this study aims to clarify the rights of victims who find themselves affiliated with a specific stage of criminal prosecution, namely, negotiated justice.<span style="">  / </span><span style="">  / </span><span style="">  / </span><span style="">  / </span></span> </meta>
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The role of the victim in the South African system of plea and sentence agreements: a critique of section 105a of the criminal procedure actRodgers, Megan Bronwynne January 2009 (has links)
Magister Legum - LLM / Crime victims once played a prominent role in the criminal justice system. Historically, victims who sought to bring their wrongdoers to justice conducted their own investigations and argued their own cases or employed others to do so. As time passed, a distinction was drawn between offences against the social order and disputes between individuals. Crime control became a function of government and the state increased its responsibility for the investigation and punishment of criminal conduct. Gradually, the victim was removed from the proceedings and relegated to serving as a witness for the state. The assumption was that the state, whilst representing the interests of society, would represent the interests of the victim also. This fallacy provided the foundation for a criminal justice which, until recently, encourage victim exclusion. In recent years, there has been a clear trend towards re-introducing the right of victims to participate in the criminal justice process. This international trend has been labelled the „return of the victim‟. In South Africa, the Constitution and, in particular, the Bill of Rights contained therein underscore the move towards procedural rights for victims of crime. Moreover, the South African government has taken significant legislative steps to ensure that victims have formal rights in criminal justice proceedings. However, to date, comparatively little attention has been paid to the question of whether or not victims should be allowed a meaningful role in the process of plea and sentence negotiations. One of the aims of this study is to determine whether victims‟ rights are properly understood, defined and implemented within the criminal justice system. In particular, this study aims to clarify the rights of victims who find themselves affiliated with a specific stage of criminal prosecution, namely, negotiated justice.
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La chose pour le dire : mono en japonais contemporain : approche sémantique, syntaxique et énonciative / Mono in contemporary japonese : a semantic, syntactic and enunciative approachBazantay, Jean 29 October 2013 (has links)
Cette thèse s'attache à décrire et à analyser les différents emplois de mono (chose, objet) en japonais contemporain. Comme le mot français chose, ce terme d’usage très courant a la particularité de ne pas avoir de signifié en propre mais de pouvoir tout aussi bien désigner un objet concret qu’un concept abstrait ou encore une classe d’individus partageant les mêmes traits. Nom « caméléon » aux propriétés référentielles singulières, mono est aussi fréquemment employé à des fins fonctionnelles, voire purement énonciatives.À travers des observations en discours, ce travail précise les contours de ces deux emplois référentiel et fonctionnel et explore la nature de la contribution sémantique de mono à la réalisation de tournures expressives plus ou moins figées.Sur le plan de la méthodologie, nous avons adopté une approche basée sur l’observation de données authentiques que nous avons analysées sous différents angles syntaxiques, sémantiques et énonciatifs. Pour cela nous avons constitué un corpus de travail réunissant des exemples extraits d’articles de journaux, de romans populaires, d’échanges sur internet ou de conversations informelles.Dans la première partie, nous avons cherché à identifier et à décrire les emplois « référentiels » au regard d’autres emplois essentiellement fonctionnels et, pour cela, nous avons exploré la notion de nom formel dont mono est considéré comme un des principaux représentants. Dans la deuxième partie, la tournure en « A-wa C MONO da » a plus particulièrement retenu notre attention pour sa fréquence et ses effets énonciatifs. Nous l’avons d’abord envisagée dans le cadre général de la phrase à prédicat nominal caractéristique du jugement catégorique. Une seconde approche a consisté à envisager « MONO DA » comme un opérateur modal venant surdéterminer une occurrence prédicative. Pour cette analyse, nous nous sommes appuyé sur les travaux de Nishiyama (1985), Kudo (1995, 2002), Teramura (1984, 1999) et Morita (1989).Dans une troisième partie, le point de vue de la modalité a permis de préciser la nature appréciative ou épistémique du jugement. Nous avons également analysé le fonctionnement de la modalité explicative propre aux écrits journalistiques et précisé l’emploi de mono du point de vue de sa contribution à la réalisation d’opérations argumentatives. L’approche pragmatique a enfin éclairé le processus conduisant à l’émergence de valeurs spécifiques dérivées de la valeur axiologique de l’expression d’une tendance générale.Ce travail se termine par une mise en perspective du point de vue de la grammaticalisation des différents emplois observés. / In this dissertation, we focus on the various uses of mono (thing, object) in contemporary Japanese. From a methodological point of view, we have adopted an approach based on the observation of authentic data which we have analyzed under several syntactical, semantic and enunciative criteria. Samples consist of various aspects of modern language (newspaper articles, contemporary novels, internet-based communication, informal conversation) collected from existing data sources, mainly from the Balanced Corpus of Contemporary Written Japanese (BCCWJ) and the Nagoya University Japanese Conversation Corpus.We have first attempted to identify and describe referential readings compared to other more functionnal uses. For this purpose, we have investigated the concept of ‘formal noun’ (keishiki meishi) of which mono is seen as a prototype.The second part is dedicated to the form 'A-wa C-MONO da' that particularly caught our attention because of its frequency and its enunciative effects. A first approach concentrates on nominal uses realized within the framework of a nominal sentence (meishi jutsugo bun). In this part, we propose a brief summary of research on nominal predication and present the different meanings of the sentences built around the bare noun mono. In a second approach, we consider it from the point of view of nominalization, where mono da can be seen as a purely enunciative operator. For this analysis, we have developped a theorical model based on Nishiyama (1985), Kudo (1995, 2002), Teramura (1984, 1999) and Morita (1989).In the third part, reference to the notion of modality has allowed us to specify the appreciative or epistemic nature of the judgment. We have also analyzed the function of mono as a discourse connector in journalist papers and shown its contribution to argumentative operations. The pragmatic approach highlights the process that drives the emergence of specific values derived from its underlying meaning of 'general tendency.' This work ends with an attempt to put the various uses of mono in perspective from the point of view of grammaticalization.
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Podmíněné odsouzení / Unconditional imprisonmentVondrák, Roman January 2012 (has links)
My diploma work is structured in ten chapters. The first chapter claryfies essence of the suspended sentence. The historical development of the suspended sentence follows. The third chapter refers to changes in the new criminal code. Following two chapters describe legal conditions at putting this punishment. The sixth chapter refers to the suspended sentence close by juvenile offenders. Forms of decision and the executing action are theme of the seventh chapter. The following chapter concerns in the Probation and Mediation Service. The ninth chapter in basic features sketches alternatives to unsuspended sentence. The final chapter think of using the suspended sentence in system of alternative punishments.
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L’étude de la phrase hypothétique en arabe classique d’après les traités de grammaire médiévaux (IIe/VIIIe - VIIIe/XIVe siècles) / The study of the hypothetical sentence in classical Arabic according to medieval grammatical treatises (2nd /8 th - 8th /14th centuries)Khedher, Hend 08 December 2018 (has links)
L’étude de la phrase hypothétique d’après les traités de grammaires arabe médiévaux consiste à déconstruire la manière avec laquelle ce type de phrase a été conçue par les grammairiens classiques. Ces derniers, figures centrales dans le champ linguistique ont apporté un réel écot à la pensée grammaticale ; à partir du parler des Arabes, de la poésie et du Coran, ces acteurs ont élaboré des règles grammaticales, forgeant ainsi la tradition grammaticale arabe. Ils ont mis en lumière plusieurs aspects de la langue, parmi lesquels, l’expression de l’hypothèse, objet de notre recherche.La phrase hypothétique peut être, principalement introduite par l’une des trois particules X, Y et Z, pour exprimer respectivement l’irréel, le potentiel et l’éventuel. Les pronoms et les circonstances servent également à introduire une phrase conditionnelle et affectent le marquage modal de ses verbes. Ils sont dits, les noms conditionnels. Les grammairiens arabes se sont intéressés aux marques modales des verbes et aux marques casuelles des noms au sein de l’énoncé hypothétique. En outre, ils portaient un intérêt particulier aux pratiques langagières qui relevaient de l’exception, dérogeant ainsi à la règle. Cette thèse s’attache à mettre en lumière l’investissement des grammairiens arabes classiques à une époque charnière du VIIIe au XIVe siècle. On leur reconnaît l’assignation de l’énoncé rogatif à un énoncé conditionnel, car selon eux, ils renvoient implicitement à une condition.La question de la phrase hypothétique constitue l’une des pistes investies par les grammairiens classiques malgré leurs convergences, divergences et positionnements par rapport aux normes grammaticales. L’expression de l’hypothèse a suscité des débats et des controverses entre les grammairiens, et plus particulièrement entre ceux de l’école bassorite et ceux de l’école koufite. / The study of the hypothetical sentence according to medieval Arabic grammatical treatises, consists in deconstructing the manner in which this type of sentence was conceived by the classical grammarians. The latter, central figures in the linguistic field, have largely contributed to grammatical thought; from Arabic-speaking, poetry and Qur’an, these actors developed grammatical rules, thus forging the Arabic grammatical tradition. They highlighted several aspects of the language, among which, the expression of the hypothesis, the object of our research.The hypothetical sentence can be, mainly introduced by one of the three particles X, Y and Z, respectively to express the unreal, the potential and the eventual (possible). Pronouns and circumstances also serve to introduce a conditional sentence and affect the modal marking of its verbs. They are said, the conditional names. Arabic grammarians were interested in the modal marks of verbs and casual marks of nouns in the hypothetical statement. In addition, they had a particular interest in the language practices that fell under the exception, thus derogating from the rule. This dissertation aims to highlight the investment of classical Arabic grammarians in a transitional period, from the eighth to the fourteenth century. They are assigned the assignment of the rogatory statement to a conditional statement, because according to them, they implicitly refer to a condition.The question of the hypothetical sentence establishes one of the tracks invested by the classical grammarians, despite their convergences, divergences and positions in relation to grammatical standards. The expression of the hypothesis aroused debates and controversies between the grammarians, more particularly between those of the Basra school and those of the Kufite school.
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[en] PROCESSING OF SUBJECT-VERB NUMBER AGREEMENT IN SENTENCE PRODUCTION / [pt] PROCESSAMENTO DA CONCORDÂNCIA DE NÚMERO ENTRE SUJEITO E VERBO NA PRODUÇÃO DE SENTENÇASERICA DOS SANTOS RODRIGUES 14 September 2006 (has links)
[pt] O processamento da concordância de número sujeito-verbo na
produção de
sentenças por falantes do dialeto culto do português
brasileiro é investigado. A
dissertação focaliza os chamados erros de atração e seu
principal objetivo é identificar os
fatores que interferem no processamento da concordância e
prover uma explicação
psicolingüística que seja compatível com pressupostos do
Programa Minimalista da
Lingüística Gerativa. Mais especificamente, busca-se
examinar: i) as condições que
favorecem os erros e as propriedades sintáticas que levam
um núcleo interveniente a ser
tomado como o controlador da concordância; ii) a
interferência de informação
morfofonológica de número dos elementos que integram os
modificadores do DP sujeito;
iii) a interferência de informação semântica de número no
estabelecimento da
concordância. Ainda como objetivo específico busca-se
distinguir em termos estruturais
os DPs responsáveis pelos erros de atração daqueles que
licenciam uma forma singular ou
plural do verbo - as chamadas construções partitivas.
Aplica-se uma tarefa
psicolingüística envolvendo julgamento de gramaticalidade
a fim de investigar diferenças
de processamento da concordância entre as construções
partitivas e os DPs complexos. A
relevância dos tópicos investigados se deve ao fato de
estes permitirem uma discussão
mais ampla acerca da autonomia do formulador sintático.
Parte-se de vasta revisão da
literatura, na qual se reportam interferências sintáticas,
semânticas e morfofonológicas no
processamento da concordância em diferentes línguas.
Explicações apresentadas por
modelos de produção interativos e não-interativos são
discutidas. Inclui-se ainda uma
caracterização da concepção minimalista de língua, com o
tratamento da concordância
como processo de valoração de traços formais, e um modelo
de produção de natureza
serial, não-interativo, que incorpora um parser-
monitorador funcionando paralelamente à
formulação dos enunciados - modelo PMP (produção
monitorada por parser). Em
seguida, reportam-se 5 experimentos com falantes de
português. Os resultados indicaram
efeito de marcação e de distância linear entre o núcleo do
sujeito e o verbo, com mais
erros para núcleo do sujeito não-marcado (singular) e
linearmente distante do verbo, e
efeito de posição estrutural do núcleo interveniente, com
maior incidência de erros para
os núcleos hierarquicamente próximos do nó mais alto do DP
sujeito e núcleos inseridos
em PPs argumentos. Um efeito semântico de distributividade
associado a efeito de
marcação também foi obtido. Quanto a fatores
morfofonológicos, a informação de
número no determinante (e não no nome) mostrou-se crucial
para a identificação do
número do DP sujeito. É proposta uma versão ampliada e
revista do modelo PMP que
unifica explicações para os erros de concordância em
termos de uma escala de
acessibilidade da representação do DP sujeito pela memória
de trabalho e que leva em
consideração as expectativas do parser como possível fator
de interferência em erros de
atração. Essa interferência ocorreria após o parsing do
primeiro DP e afetaria a
codificação morfofonológica do verbo. Em suma, a tese aqui
veiculada é a de que os erros
de concordância não ocorrem na computação sintática e que
o formulador sintático atua
de forma autônoma. / [en] The processing of subject-verb number agreement in
sentence production by
speakers of the standard dialect of the Brazilian
Portuguese is investigated. The
dissertation focuses on attraction errors and its main aim
is to identify the factors that
interfere in agreement processing and to provide a
psycholinguistic account, which is
compatible with assumptions of the Minimalist Program of
Generative Linguistics. This
work examines, in particular: i) the conditions that favor
attraction errors and the
syntactic properties which make an intervenient head to be
considered as the agreement
controller; ii) the role of morphophonological information
on number provided by the DP
subject modifiers; iii) the interference of conceptual
number in agreement. Additionally,
the work intends to distinguish, in structural terms, the
DPs responsible for attraction
errors from those DPs that allow a singular and a plural
form of the verb - the so-called
partitive constructions. A psycholinguistic procedure of
grammaticality judgment is
conducted in order to verify agreement processing
differences between partitive
constructions and complex DPS. The relevance of these
topics is due to the fact that they
enable a more comprehensive discussion on the autonomy of
the syntactic formulator in
language production. An extensive review of the existing
literature was carried out and
results are reported, concerning the interference from
syntactic, semantic and
morphophonological factors on agreement processing in
different languages.
Explanations provided by interactive and non-interactive
models are discussed in this
work. The minimalist conception of language is presented
according to which agreement
is described as a feature valuation process and a serial
non-interactive production model
is characterized, which incorporates a monitoring-parser
that works in parallel with
speech formulation - PMP model (parser monitored
production). A total of 5
experiments with Portuguese speakers are reported. The
results show an effect of
markedness and linear distance between the subject and the
verb, with more errors
caused by non-marked (singular) subject heads that are
linearly distant from the verb, and
an effect of the structural position of the intervenient
head, with a large number of errors
for intervenient heads that are near to the upper phrasal
marker of the DP and for heads
which are inserted in PP arguments. A semantic effect of
distributivity associated with an
effect of markedness was also obtained. As far as
morphphonological factors, number
information of the determiner (and not of the noun) has
shown to be critical to subject
number identification. A revised and improved version of
the PMP model is proposed
that unifies possible explanations for agreement in terms
of on an accessibility scale of
the DP subject representation in the working memory and
that takes into account parser
predictions as a possible factor of interference in
attraction errors. This interference
would occur after the parsing of the DP and would affect
the morphophonological
encoding of the verb. In sum, the main argument of the
thesis is that agreement errors do
not occur in the syntactic computation and that the
syntactic formulator works
autonomously.
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