Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2009. / Title from first page of PDF file. Includes bibliographical references (p. 93-101).

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1974. / eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.S.)--Wisconsin. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 172-174).

The present study was concerned with the relationship between level of aspiration and anxiety. Level of aspiration is a term used for goal setting behavior. In other words, if a person sets his goals high it is said that he has a high level of aspiration. Anxiety, for the purpose of the present study is assumed to possess drive properties. Theoretically, at least, a highly anxious person has a high drive level. This assumption may be warranted in terms of physiological unrest--causing an effort toward equilibrium or homeostasis; or it can be defended psychologically as the need to achieve or the need to prove one's abilities to himself. However, the present paper was not concerned directly with the current controversy of anxiety as a drive mechanism. Rather it was the general purpose of the study to determine whether or not highly anxious college students set their goals higher, in response to previous experimental success or failure experiences than low anxious students. To be more specific the purpose was to determine whether or not highly anxious subjects differ significantly from low anxious subjects with respect to responses on a level of aspiration task. The particular response measures or scores investigated on the level of aspiration task were those shown between performance on one trial and the stated hoped-for- score, expected score, and the minimal-acceptable-score on the succeeding trial.

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Spontaneous otoacoustic emissions (SOAEs) are narrowband continuous signals that can be recorded from the ear canals of humans in the absence of external stimulation. SOAEs have been detected in 30 to 50% of individuals whose hearing is within normal limits. They are believed to originate in the cochlea but the mechanism by which they are produced remains unknown. It has not been determined if SOAEs are an indication of subtle abnormality in the cochlea or if they are the result of an auditory system that is functioning normally. Most investigators agree, however, that an active source of energy within the cochlea is required for the generation of SOAEs. The objective of this study was to describe the effects of SOAEs on behavioral sensitivity and frequency selectivity. Eight subjects with SOAEs were evaluated. Sensitivity was measured using a Bekesy tracking method to obtain thresholds at 30-Hz intervals. Microstructure audiograms were obtained in this manner from the frequency region surrounding the SOAE and from the same frequency region in the other ear where no SOAE was detected. Frequency selectivity was assessed using a Bekesy tracking method to obtain psychophysical tuning curves (PTCs) from frequency regions with and without SOAEs. SOAEs were found to be associated consistently with threshold minima (regions of increased sensitivity) on the microstructure audiograms, although not all threshold minima corresponded to SOAE frequencies. PTCs centered at SOAE frequencies were characterized by higher Q10 values than PTCs from the same frequency region in the other ear or from a higher frequency region in the same ear. The high and low frequency slopes were not found to differ significantly when PTCs from frequency regions with and without SOAEs were compared. These results suggest that the differences between PTCs obtained from frequency regions with and without SOAES are restricted to the tips of the PTCs. Complex interactions among the SOAE, the probe tone, and the masker were thought to be responsible for the enhanced frequency selectivity observed near SOAE frequencies and manifested by higher Q10 values.

No description available.

No description available.